Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "欽察汗國" in Chinese language version.
Also called Kipchak Khanate Russian designation for Juchi's Ulus, the western part of the Mongol Empire, which flourished from the mid-13th century to the end of the 14th century. The people of the Golden Horde were mainly a mixture of Turkic and Uralic peoples and Sarmatians & Scythians and, to a lesser extent, Mongols, with the latter generally constituting the aristocracy. Distinguish the Kipchak Khanate from the earlier Cuman-Kipchak confederation in the same region that had previously held sway, before its conquest by the Mongols.
1225年成吉思汗劃分了四子的封地，長子朮赤的封地在也兒的石河（額爾齊斯河）以西、花刺子模以北，直到蒙古軍馬蹄所到之處。朮赤在世時，實際統治地域包括烏拉爾河以東的欽察草原東部和阿母、錫爾兩河下游花刺子模地區。
1227年朮赤死，拔都受兄弟推戴繼承父位。把封地及軍隊分一半屬兄斡兒答，使其領有兀魯思東境，號為左翼；自領一半，為右翼。
1229年春，諸宗王、統將從各地來集於客魯河畔的成吉思汗之大斡耳朵。朮赤諸子斡兒答、拔都、昔班、別兒哥、別兒格察兒、不花帖木兒等，自裏海之北方地來會。
1229年八月，蒙古汗國宗親諸王在怯綠連河（即今蒙古國境內的克魯倫河）畔召開忽里勒台大會。儘管費盡周折，窩闊台最後總算被推舉為大汗。
Also called Kipchak Khanate Russian designation for Juchi's Ulus, the western part of the Mongol Empire, which flourished from the mid-13th century to the end of the 14th century. The people of the Golden Horde were mainly a mixture of Turkic and Uralic peoples and Sarmatians & Scythians and, to a lesser extent, Mongols, with the latter generally constituting the aristocracy. Distinguish the Kipchak Khanate from the earlier Cuman-Kipchak confederation in the same region that had previously held sway, before its conquest by the Mongols.
