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Thwaites D, McCann S, Broderick P. Hydromorphone neuroexcitation. Journal of Palliative Medicine. August 2004, 7 (4): 545–550. PMID 15353098. doi:10.1089/1096621041838362.
Gagnon DJ, Jwo K. Tremors and agitation following low-dose intravenous hydromorphone administration in a patient with kidney dysfunction. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2013, 47 (7–8): e34. PMID 23715067. S2CID 21782204. doi:10.1345/aph.1R784.
Rapp SE, Egan KJ, Ross BK, Wild LM, Terman GW, Ching JM. A multidimensional comparison of morphine and hydromorphone patient-controlled analgesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia. May 1996, 82 (5): 1043–1048. PMID 8610865. doi:10.1213/00000539-199605000-00029.
Sarhill N, Walsh D, Nelson KA. Hydromorphone: pharmacology and clinical applications in cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer. March 2001, 9 (2): 84–96. PMID 11305075. S2CID 22849970. doi:10.1007/s005200000183.
Smith A, Gomez-Panzani E, Mills S, Rainey G, Tolia G, Tagliaferri F, Spratlin V. (807) 24-hour transdermal delivery of hydromorphone hydrochloride. The Journal of Pain (Clinical trial abstract). 2006, 7 (4): S52. ISSN 1526-5900. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2006.01.209.
Gregory TB. Hydromorphone: evolving to meet the challenges of today's health care environment. Clinical Therapeutics. December 2013, 35 (12): 2007–2027. PMID 24290733. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.09.027.
Felden L, Walter C, Harder S, Treede RD, Kayser H, Drover D, Geisslinger G, Lötsch J. Comparative clinical effects of hydromorphone and morphine: a meta-analysis. British Journal of Anaesthesia. September 2011, 107 (3): 319–328. PMID 21841049. doi:10.1093/bja/aer232.
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Vallner JJ, Stewart JT, Kotzan JA, Kirsten EB, Honigberg IL. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of hydromorphone following intravenous and oral administration to human subjects. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. April 1981, 21 (4): 152–156. PMID 6165742. S2CID 29864565. doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb05693.x.
Brennan MJ. The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function. The American Journal of Medicine. March 2013, 126 (3 Suppl 1): S12–S18. PMID 23414717. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.12.001.
Thwaites D, McCann S, Broderick P. Hydromorphone neuroexcitation. Journal of Palliative Medicine. August 2004, 7 (4): 545–550. PMID 15353098. doi:10.1089/1096621041838362.
Gagnon DJ, Jwo K. Tremors and agitation following low-dose intravenous hydromorphone administration in a patient with kidney dysfunction. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2013, 47 (7–8): e34. PMID 23715067. S2CID 21782204. doi:10.1345/aph.1R784.
Rapp SE, Egan KJ, Ross BK, Wild LM, Terman GW, Ching JM. A multidimensional comparison of morphine and hydromorphone patient-controlled analgesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia. May 1996, 82 (5): 1043–1048. PMID 8610865. doi:10.1213/00000539-199605000-00029.
Sarhill N, Walsh D, Nelson KA. Hydromorphone: pharmacology and clinical applications in cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer. March 2001, 9 (2): 84–96. PMID 11305075. S2CID 22849970. doi:10.1007/s005200000183.
Gregory TB. Hydromorphone: evolving to meet the challenges of today's health care environment. Clinical Therapeutics. December 2013, 35 (12): 2007–2027. PMID 24290733. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.09.027.
Felden L, Walter C, Harder S, Treede RD, Kayser H, Drover D, Geisslinger G, Lötsch J. Comparative clinical effects of hydromorphone and morphine: a meta-analysis. British Journal of Anaesthesia. September 2011, 107 (3): 319–328. PMID 21841049. doi:10.1093/bja/aer232.
Vallner JJ, Stewart JT, Kotzan JA, Kirsten EB, Honigberg IL. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of hydromorphone following intravenous and oral administration to human subjects. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. April 1981, 21 (4): 152–156. PMID 6165742. S2CID 29864565. doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb05693.x.
Gagnon DJ, Jwo K. Tremors and agitation following low-dose intravenous hydromorphone administration in a patient with kidney dysfunction. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2013, 47 (7–8): e34. PMID 23715067. S2CID 21782204. doi:10.1345/aph.1R784.
Sarhill N, Walsh D, Nelson KA. Hydromorphone: pharmacology and clinical applications in cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer. March 2001, 9 (2): 84–96. PMID 11305075. S2CID 22849970. doi:10.1007/s005200000183.
thatspoppycock.com
Hydromorphone. That's Poppycock!. 2009-02-19 [5 November 2012]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-14).
Smith A, Gomez-Panzani E, Mills S, Rainey G, Tolia G, Tagliaferri F, Spratlin V. (807) 24-hour transdermal delivery of hydromorphone hydrochloride. The Journal of Pain (Clinical trial abstract). 2006, 7 (4): S52. ISSN 1526-5900. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2006.01.209.