油頁岩 (Chinese Wikipedia)

About Oil Shale. Argonne National Laboratory. [2007-10-20]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-13）.
What's in the Oil Shale and Tar Sands Leasing Programmatic EIS. Oil Shale and Tar Sands Leasing Programmatic EIS Information Center. [2007-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-03）.
Chapter 4. Effects of Oil Shale Technologies (PDF). Proposed Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource Management Plan Amendments to Address Land Use Allocations in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming and Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement. Bureau of Land Management. September 2008: 4‑3 [2010-08-07]. FES 08-32. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-05-27）.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Chinese: 2^nd place)

Hutton, A.C. Petrographic classification of oil shales. International Journal of Coal Geology (Amsterdam: Elsevier). 1987, 8 (3): 203–231. ISSN 0166-5162. doi:10.1016/0166-5162(87)90032-2.
van Krevelen (1993), p. ? van Krevelen, Dirk Willem. Coal--typology, physics, chemistry, constitution. Coal Science and Technology Series 3. Elsevier. 1993. ISBN 978-0-444-89586-8.
IEA (2010), pp. 165–169 World Energy Outlook 2010. IEA (Paris: OECD). 2010. ISBN 978-92-64-08624-1.
Schora, F. C.; Tarman, P. B.; Feldkirchner, H. L.; Weil, S. A. Hydrocarbon fuels from oil shale. Proceedings (American Institute of Chemical Engineers). 1976, 1: 325–330. Bibcode:1976iece.conf..325S. A77-12662 02-44.
IEA. World Energy Outlook 2010. Paris: OECD. 2010: 165–169. ISBN 978-92-64-08624-1.

aspo-usa.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Bartis, Jim. Unconventional Liquid Fuels Overview (PDF). World Oil Conference. Association for the Study of Peak Oil & Gas – USA. 2006-10-26 [2007-06-28]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-21）.

blm.gov (Global: 5,515^th place; Chinese: 8,426^th place)

Nominations for Oil Shale Research Leases Demonstrate Significant Interest in Advancing Energy Technology. Press release. BLM. 2005-09-20 [2007-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-16）.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Chinese: 6^th place)

Cane, R.F. The origin and formation of oil shale. Teh Fu Yen; Chilingar, George V. (编). Oil Shale. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 1976: 1–12; 56 [2009-06-05]. ISBN 978-0-444-41408-3.
Lee (1990), p. 6 Lee, Sunggyu. Oil Shale Technology. CRC Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-8493-4615-6.

ceri-mines.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Qian, Jialin; Wang, Jianqiu; Li, Shuyuan. One Year's Progress in the Chinese Oil Shale Business (PDF). 27th Oil Shale Symposium. Golden, Colorado: China University of Petroleum. 2007-10-15 [2011-05-06]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-11-13）.

cihai.com.cn (Global: low place; Chinese: 1,296^th place)

辞海网络版 - 油页岩. www.cihai.com.cn. [2024-02-24].

circleofblue.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Cleveland, Cutler J.; O'Connor, Peter. An Assessment of the Energy Return on Investment (EROI) of Oil Shale. Final Report (PDF). Western Resource Advocates: 2. June 2010 [2011-07-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-06-16）.

deseretnews.com (Global: 1,776^th place; Chinese: 2,156^th place)

Speckman, Stephen. Oil-shale 'rush' is sparking concern. Deseret Morning News. 2008-03-22 [2011-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2010-11-16）.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Chinese: 5^th place)

Dyni, John R. Geology and resources of some world oil shale deposits (PDF). Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5294. Scientific Investigations Report (United States Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey). 2006 [2007-07-09]. doi:10.3133/sir29955294 . （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-04-22）.
Hutton, A.C. Petrographic classification of oil shales. International Journal of Coal Geology (Amsterdam: Elsevier). 1987, 8 (3): 203–231. ISSN 0166-5162. doi:10.1016/0166-5162(87)90032-2.
Reinsalu, Enno; Aarna, Indrek. About technical terms of oil shale and shale oil (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal. 2015, 32 (4): 291–292 [2016-01-16]. ISSN 0208-189X. doi:10.3176/oil.2015.4.01. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-07-25）.
Altun, N. E.; Hiçyilmaz, C.; Hwang, J.-Y.; Suat Bağci, A.; Kök, M. V. Oil shales in the world and Turkey; reserves, current situation and future prospects: a review (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 2006, 23 (3): 211–227 [2007-06-16]. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 53395288. doi:10.3176/oil.2006.3.02. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-01-31）.
Urov, K.; Sumberg, A. Characteristics of oil shales and shale-like rocks of known deposits and outcrops (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 1999, 16 (3 Special): 1–64 [2012-09-22]. ISBN 978-9985-50-274-7. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 252572686. doi:10.3176/oil.1999.3S. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-03-05）.
Ferriday, Tim; Montenari, Michael. Chemostratigraphy and Chemofacies of Source Rock Analogues: A High-Resolution Analysis of Black Shale Successions from the Lower Silurian Formigoso Formation (Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain). Stratigraphy & Timescales. 2016, 1: 123–255 [2023-03-19]. doi:10.1016/bs.sats.2016.10.004. （原始内容存档于2022-06-20） –通过Elsevier Science Direct.
Brendow, K. Global oil shale issues and perspectives. Synthesis of the Symposium on Oil Shale. 18–19 November, Tallinn (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 2003, 20 (1): 81–92 [2007-07-21]. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 252652047. doi:10.3176/oil.2003.1.09. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-12-07）.
Qian, Jialin; Wang, Jianqiu; Li, Shuyuan. Oil Shale Development in China (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 2003, 20 (3): 356–359 [2007-06-16]. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 130553387. doi:10.3176/oil.2003.3S.08. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-10-09）.
Al-Harahsheh, Adnan; Al-Otoom, Awni Y.; Shawabkeh, Reyad A. Sulfur distribution in the oil fractions obtained by thermal cracking of Jordanian El-Lajjun oil Shale. Energy. 2003-10-16, 30 (15): 2784–2795 (November 2005). doi:10.1016/j.energy.2005.01.013.
Cleveland, Cutler J.; Costanza, Robert; Hall, Charles A. S.; Kaufmann, Robert. Energy and the U.S. Economy: A Biophysical Perspective (PDF). Science. 1984-08-31, 225 (4665): 890–897 [2007-08-28]. Bibcode:1984Sci...225..890C. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17779848. S2CID 2875906. doi:10.1126/science.225.4665.890. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2005-12-21）.
Tiikma, Laine; Johannes, Ille; Luik, Hans. Fixation of chlorine evolved in pyrolysis of PVC waste by Estonian oil shales. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. March 2006, 75 (2): 205–210. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2005.06.001.
Aboulkas, A.; El Harfi, K.; El Bouadili, A.; Benchanaa, M.; Mokhlisse, A.; Outzourit, A. Kinetics of co-pyrolysis of Tarfaya (Morocco) oil shale with high-density polyethylene (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 2007, 24 (1): 15–33 [2007-06-16]. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 55932225. doi:10.3176/oil.2007.1.04. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-11-13）.

easac.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Francu, Juraj; Harvie, Barbra; Laenen, Ben; Siirde, Andres; Veiderma, Mihkel. A study on the EU oil shale industry viewed in the light of the Estonian experience. A report by EASAC to the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy of the European Parliament (PDF). European Academies Science Advisory Council: 5; 18–23. May 2007 [2011-05-07]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-05-23）.

ecolo.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Jean Laherrere. Review on Oil shale data (PDF). August 2005 [2023-01-29]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-08-13）.

eia.gov (Global: 2,641^st place; Chinese: 2,804^th place)

EIA (2006), p. 53 Annual Energy Outlook 2006 (PDF). Energy Information Administration. February 2006 [2023-03-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-04-22）.

elibrary.lt (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Ots, Arvo. Estonian oil shale properties and utilization in power plants (PDF). Energetika (Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers). 2007-02-12, 53 (2): 8–18 [2011-05-06]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-10-29）.

energy.gov (Global: 2,792^nd place; Chinese: 2,030^th place)

energy.gov

Oil Shale and Other Unconventional Fuels Activities. United States Department of Energy. [2014-02-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-28）.

fossil.energy.gov

Fact Sheet: U.S. Oil Shale Economics (PDF). DOE. Office of Petroleum Reserves. [2012-04-22]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-03-28）.

epa.gov (Global: 961^st place; Chinese: 837^th place)

Environmental Impacts from Mining (PDF). The Abandoned Mine Site Characterization and Cleanup Handbook. United States Environmental Protection Agency. August 2000: 3/1–3/11 [2010-06-21]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-03-21）.

eroei.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Cleveland, Cutler J.; Costanza, Robert; Hall, Charles A. S.; Kaufmann, Robert. Energy and the U.S. Economy: A Biophysical Perspective (PDF). Science. 1984-08-31, 225 (4665): 890–897 [2007-08-28]. Bibcode:1984Sci...225..890C. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17779848. S2CID 2875906. doi:10.1126/science.225.4665.890. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2005-12-21）.

evi.ee (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Energy Security of Estonia (PDF) (报告). Estonian Foreign Policy Institute. September 2006 [2007-10-20]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-02-08）.

fas.org (Global: 730^th place; Chinese: 621^st place)

Andrews, Anthony. Oil Shale: History, Incentives, and Policy (PDF) (报告). Congressional Research Service. 2006-04-13 [2007-06-25]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-12）.

freepatentsonline.com (Global: 7,823^rd place; Chinese: 6,023^rd place)

Process for the recovery of hydrocarbons from oil shale. FreePatentsOnline. [2007-11-03]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-05）.

gao.gov (Global: 3,529^th place; Chinese: 3,274^th place)

Mittal, Anu K. Unconventional Oil and Gas Production. Opportunities and Challenges of Oil Shale Development (PDF). Government Accountability Office. 2012-05-10 [2012-12-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-09-27）.

geolsoc.org.uk (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Nield, Ted. Shale of the century?. Geoscientist (Geological Society of London). 2007-02-17, 17 (2) [2018-02-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-05）.
Moody, Richard. Oil & Gas Shales, Definitions & Distribution In Time & Space. In The History of On-Shore Hydrocarbon Use in the UK (PDF). Geological Society of London: 1. 2007-04-20 [2009-01-10]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-02-06）.

globes.co.il (Global: 776^th place; Chinese: 5,267^th place)

Azulai, Yuval. We are not drying up the Dead Sea. Globes. 2011-03-22 [2014-02-09]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.

gpo.gov (Global: 1,819^th place; Chinese: 1,077^th place)

Statement Of Daniel Yergin, Chairman of Cambridge Energy Research Associates, Before The Committee On Energy And Commerce/U.S. House Of Representatives. United States House of Representatives. 2006-05-04 [2012-12-19]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-06）.

hubbertpeak.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Laherrère, Jean. Review on oil shale data (PDF). Hubbert Peak. 2005 [2007-06-17]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-09-28）.

iom-world.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Louw, S.J.; Addison, J. Seaton, A. , 编. Studies of the Scottish oil shale industry. Vol.1 History of the industry, working conditions and mineralogy of Scottish and Green River formation shales. Final report on US Department of Energy (PDF). Institute of Occupational Medicine: 35. 1985 [2009-06-05]. DE-ACO2 – 82ER60036. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-26）.

jordanoilshale.net (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Al-Ayed, Omar. Jordan Oil Shale Project. Al-Balqa` Applied University. 2008 [2008-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-03）.

jst.go.jp (Global: 1,248^th place; Chinese: 983^rd place)

jglobal.jst.go.jp

Petrole Informations. J-Global. [2023-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-29）.

kirj.ee (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Reinsalu, Enno; Aarna, Indrek. About technical terms of oil shale and shale oil (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal. 2015, 32 (4): 291–292 [2016-01-16]. ISSN 0208-189X. doi:10.3176/oil.2015.4.01. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-07-25）.
Altun, N. E.; Hiçyilmaz, C.; Hwang, J.-Y.; Suat Bağci, A.; Kök, M. V. Oil shales in the world and Turkey; reserves, current situation and future prospects: a review (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 2006, 23 (3): 211–227 [2007-06-16]. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 53395288. doi:10.3176/oil.2006.3.02. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-01-31）.
Urov, K.; Sumberg, A. Characteristics of oil shales and shale-like rocks of known deposits and outcrops (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 1999, 16 (3 Special): 1–64 [2012-09-22]. ISBN 978-9985-50-274-7. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 252572686. doi:10.3176/oil.1999.3S. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-03-05）.
Brendow, K. Global oil shale issues and perspectives. Synthesis of the Symposium on Oil Shale. 18–19 November, Tallinn (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 2003, 20 (1): 81–92 [2007-07-21]. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 252652047. doi:10.3176/oil.2003.1.09. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-12-07）.
Qian, Jialin; Wang, Jianqiu; Li, Shuyuan. Oil Shale Development in China (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 2003, 20 (3): 356–359 [2007-06-16]. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 130553387. doi:10.3176/oil.2003.3S.08. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-10-09）.
Koel, Mihkel. Estonian oil shale. Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 1999, (Extra) [2007-07-21]. ISSN 0208-189X. （原始内容存档于2014-11-09）.
Veski, R.; Palu, V.; Kruusement, K. Co-liquefaction of kukersite oil shale and pine wood in supercritical water (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 2006, 23 (3): 236–248 [2007-06-16]. ISSN 0208-189X. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-11-13）.
Aboulkas, A.; El Harfi, K.; El Bouadili, A.; Benchanaa, M.; Mokhlisse, A.; Outzourit, A. Kinetics of co-pyrolysis of Tarfaya (Morocco) oil shale with high-density polyethylene (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 2007, 24 (1): 15–33 [2007-06-16]. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 55932225. doi:10.3176/oil.2007.1.04. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-11-13）.

llnl.gov (Global: 9,564^th place; Chinese: 5,073^rd place)

e-reports-ext.llnl.gov

Burnham, A. K. Slow Radio-Frequency Processing of Large Oil Shale Volumes to Produce Petroleum-like Shale Oil (PDF). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. 2003-08-20 [2007-06-28]. UCRL-ID-155045. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-02-16）.
Burnham, Alan K.; McConaghy, James R. Comparison of the Acceptability of Various Oil Shale Processes (PDF). 26th Oil Shale Symposium. Golden, Colorado: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. 2006-10-16 [2007-06-23]. UCRL-CONF-226717. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-02-13）.

memr.gov.jo (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Alali, Jamal; Abu Salah, Abdelfattah; Yasin, Suha M.; Al Omari, Wasfi. Oil Shale in Jordan (PDF) (报告). Natural Resources Authority of Jordan. 2006 [2017-06-11]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-11-13）.

mines.edu (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

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Youngquist, Walter. Shale Oil – The Elusive Energy (PDF). Hubbert Center Newsletter (Colorado School of Mines). 1998, (4) [2008-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-04-09）.

library.mines.edu

Johnson, Harry R.; Crawford, Peter M.; Bunger, James W. Strategic Significance of America's Oil Shale Resource. Volume II Oil Shale Resources, Technology and Economics (PDF) (报告). United States Department of Energy. March 2004 [2017-09-24]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-11-13）.

mkm.ee (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Importance of Future Oil Shale Industry Plans for Estonia. Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications. 2009-06-08 [2009-09-02]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-16）.

msn.com (Global: 188^th place; Chinese: 194^th place)

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Doscher, Todd M. Petroleum. MSN Encarta. [2008-04-22]. （原始内容存档于2008-04-21）.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Chinese: 3^rd place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Cleveland, Cutler J.; Costanza, Robert; Hall, Charles A. S.; Kaufmann, Robert. Energy and the U.S. Economy: A Biophysical Perspective (PDF). Science. 1984-08-31, 225 (4665): 890–897 [2007-08-28]. Bibcode:1984Sci...225..890C. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17779848. S2CID 2875906. doi:10.1126/science.225.4665.890. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2005-12-21）.

nrdc.org (Global: low place; Chinese: 8,946^th place)

Driving It Home. Choosing the Right Path for Fueling North America's Transportation Future (PDF) (报告). Natural Resources Defense Council. June 2007 [2008-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-12-03）.

osti.gov (Global: 2,098^th place; Chinese: 2,676^th place)

Dyni, John R. Distribution and origin of sulfur in Colorado oil shale. 16th Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings (U.S. Geological Survey). 1983-04-01: 144–159. OSTI 5232531. CONF-830434-.

rand.org (Global: 3,236^th place; Chinese: 3,728^th place)

Bartis, James T.; LaTourrette, Tom; Dixon, Lloyd; Peterson, D.J.; Cecchine, Gary. Oil Shale Development in the United States. Prospects and Policy Issues. Prepared for the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy (PDF). RAND Corporation. 2005 [2007-06-29]. ISBN 978-0-8330-3848-7. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-09-04）.

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; Chinese: 61^st place)

Al-Khalidi, Suleiman. Jordan moves ahead with $2.1 bln oil shale power plant. Reuters. 2017-03-16 [2020-10-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-05）.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; Chinese: 188^th place)

Ferriday, Tim; Montenari, Michael. Chemostratigraphy and Chemofacies of Source Rock Analogues: A High-Resolution Analysis of Black Shale Successions from the Lower Silurian Formigoso Formation (Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain). Stratigraphy & Timescales. 2016, 1: 123–255 [2023-03-19]. doi:10.1016/bs.sats.2016.10.004. （原始内容存档于2022-06-20） –通过Elsevier Science Direct.

sdnp.jo (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Alali, Jamal. Jordan oil shale, availability, distribution, and investment opportunity (PDF). International Oil Shale Conference. Amman, Jordan. 2006-11-07 [2008-03-04]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-05-27）.
Yin, Liang. Current status of oil shale industry in Fushun, China (PDF). International Oil Shale Conference. Amman, Jordan. 2006-11-07 [2007-06-29]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-09-28）.
Qian, Jialin; Wang Jianqiu. World oil shale retorting technologies (PDF). International Oil Shale Conference. Amman, Jordan: Jordanian Natural Resources Authority. 2006-11-07 [2007-06-29]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-05-27）.
Ozdemir, M.; A. Akar, A. Aydoğan, E. Kalafatoglu; E. Ekinci. Copyrolysis of Goynuk oil shale and thermoplastics (PDF). International Oil Shale Conference. Amman, Jordan: Jordanian Natural Resources Authority. 2006-11-07 [2007-06-29]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-05-27）.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; Chinese: 141^st place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Altun, N. E.; Hiçyilmaz, C.; Hwang, J.-Y.; Suat Bağci, A.; Kök, M. V. Oil shales in the world and Turkey; reserves, current situation and future prospects: a review (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 2006, 23 (3): 211–227 [2007-06-16]. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 53395288. doi:10.3176/oil.2006.3.02. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-01-31）.
Urov, K.; Sumberg, A. Characteristics of oil shales and shale-like rocks of known deposits and outcrops (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 1999, 16 (3 Special): 1–64 [2012-09-22]. ISBN 978-9985-50-274-7. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 252572686. doi:10.3176/oil.1999.3S. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-03-05）.
Brendow, K. Global oil shale issues and perspectives. Synthesis of the Symposium on Oil Shale. 18–19 November, Tallinn (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 2003, 20 (1): 81–92 [2007-07-21]. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 252652047. doi:10.3176/oil.2003.1.09. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-12-07）.
Qian, Jialin; Wang, Jianqiu; Li, Shuyuan. Oil Shale Development in China (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 2003, 20 (3): 356–359 [2007-06-16]. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 130553387. doi:10.3176/oil.2003.3S.08. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-10-09）.
Cleveland, Cutler J.; Costanza, Robert; Hall, Charles A. S.; Kaufmann, Robert. Energy and the U.S. Economy: A Biophysical Perspective (PDF). Science. 1984-08-31, 225 (4665): 890–897 [2007-08-28]. Bibcode:1984Sci...225..890C. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17779848. S2CID 2875906. doi:10.1126/science.225.4665.890. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2005-12-21）.
Aboulkas, A.; El Harfi, K.; El Bouadili, A.; Benchanaa, M.; Mokhlisse, A.; Outzourit, A. Kinetics of co-pyrolysis of Tarfaya (Morocco) oil shale with high-density polyethylene (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers). 2007, 24 (1): 15–33 [2007-06-16]. ISSN 0208-189X. S2CID 55932225. doi:10.3176/oil.2007.1.04. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-11-13）.

sfgate.com (Global: 248^th place; Chinese: 517^th place)

Collier, Robert. Coaxing oil from huge U.S. shale deposits. San Francisco Chronicle. 2006-09-04 [2008-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-06）.

slb.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Allix, Pierre; Burnham, Alan K. Coaxing Oil from Shale. Oilfield Review (Schlumberger). 2010-12-01, 22 (4): 6 [2012-04-18]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-01-06）.

smedg.org.au (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Anderson, Campbell. Greenpeace vs the future of Australian oil shale (PDF). The 53rd Sydney Mining Club. Sydney. 2002-05-02 [2009-04-10]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-03-10）.

southampton.ac.uk (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

West, Ian. Kimmeridge - The Blackstone - Oil Shale. University of Southampton. 2008-01-06 [2014-08-31]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-27）.

state.co.us (Global: 6,053^rd place; Chinese: 8,046^th place)

geosurvey.state.co.us

Oil shale—enormous potential but...? (PDF). RockTalk (Division of Minerals and Geology of Colorado Geological Survey). April 2004, 7 (2) [2007-07-28]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-07-13）.

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ene.ttu.ee

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uswaternews.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

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vkg.ee (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

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web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Chinese: 1^st place)

Dyni, John R. Geology and resources of some world oil shale deposits (PDF). Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5294. Scientific Investigations Report (United States Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey). 2006 [2007-07-09]. doi:10.3133/sir29955294 . （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-04-22）.
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westernresearch.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

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williamdoneil.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

analysis.williamdoneil.com

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worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Chinese: 4^th place)

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worldenergy.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

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Dyni (2010), pp. 101–102 Dyni, John R. Oil Shale. Clarke, Alan W.; Trinnaman, Judy A. (编). Survey of energy resources (PDF) 22. World Energy Council. 2010. ISBN 978-0-946121-02-1. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-03-04）.
Dyni (2010), pp. 59–61 Dyni, John R. Oil Shale. Clarke, Alan W.; Trinnaman, Judy A. (编). Survey of energy resources (PDF) 22. World Energy Council. 2010. ISBN 978-0-946121-02-1. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-03-04）.
Dyni (2010), p. 98 Dyni, John R. Oil Shale. Clarke, Alan W.; Trinnaman, Judy A. (编). Survey of energy resources (PDF) 22. World Energy Council. 2010. ISBN 978-0-946121-02-1. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-03-04）.

worldoil.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Fischer, Perry A. Hopes for shale oil are revived. World Oil Magazine. August 2005 [2008-04-01]. （原始内容存档于2006-11-09）.

油頁岩 (Chinese Wikipedia)

aapg.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

abc.net.au (Global: 120th place; Chinese: 297th place)

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archive.org (Global: 6th place; Chinese: 2nd place)

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blm.gov (Global: 5,515th place; Chinese: 8,426th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; Chinese: 6th place)

ceri-mines.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

cihai.com.cn (Global: low place; Chinese: 1,296th place)

circleofblue.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

deseretnews.com (Global: 1,776th place; Chinese: 2,156th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; Chinese: 5th place)

easac.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

ecolo.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

eia.gov (Global: 2,641st place; Chinese: 2,804th place)

elibrary.lt (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

energy.gov (Global: 2,792nd place; Chinese: 2,030th place)

energy.gov

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eroei.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

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gao.gov (Global: 3,529th place; Chinese: 3,274th place)

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gpo.gov (Global: 1,819th place; Chinese: 1,077th place)

hubbertpeak.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

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jordanoilshale.net (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

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llnl.gov (Global: 9,564th place; Chinese: 5,073rd place)

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msn.com (Global: 188th place; Chinese: 194th place)

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nih.gov (Global: 5th place; Chinese: 3rd place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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osti.gov (Global: 2,098th place; Chinese: 2,676th place)

rand.org (Global: 3,236th place; Chinese: 3,728th place)

reuters.com (Global: 38th place; Chinese: 61st place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137th place; Chinese: 188th place)

sdnp.jo (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; Chinese: 141st place)

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sfgate.com (Global: 248th place; Chinese: 517th place)

slb.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

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southampton.ac.uk (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

state.co.us (Global: 6,053rd place; Chinese: 8,046th place)

geosurvey.state.co.us

ttu.ee (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

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uky.edu (Global: 3,287th place; Chinese: 5,264th place)

caer.uky.edu

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vkg.ee (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; Chinese: 1st place)

westernresearch.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

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analysis.williamdoneil.com

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; Chinese: 4th place)

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worldoil.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

abc.net.au (Global: 120^th place; Chinese: 297^th place)

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archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Chinese: 2^nd place)

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books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Chinese: 6^th place)

cihai.com.cn (Global: low place; Chinese: 1,296^th place)

deseretnews.com (Global: 1,776^th place; Chinese: 2,156^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Chinese: 5^th place)

eia.gov (Global: 2,641^st place; Chinese: 2,804^th place)

energy.gov (Global: 2,792^nd place; Chinese: 2,030^th place)

epa.gov (Global: 961^st place; Chinese: 837^th place)

fas.org (Global: 730^th place; Chinese: 621^st place)

freepatentsonline.com (Global: 7,823^rd place; Chinese: 6,023^rd place)

gao.gov (Global: 3,529^th place; Chinese: 3,274^th place)

globes.co.il (Global: 776^th place; Chinese: 5,267^th place)

gpo.gov (Global: 1,819^th place; Chinese: 1,077^th place)

jst.go.jp (Global: 1,248^th place; Chinese: 983^rd place)

llnl.gov (Global: 9,564^th place; Chinese: 5,073^rd place)

msn.com (Global: 188^th place; Chinese: 194^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Chinese: 3^rd place)

nrdc.org (Global: low place; Chinese: 8,946^th place)

osti.gov (Global: 2,098^th place; Chinese: 2,676^th place)

rand.org (Global: 3,236^th place; Chinese: 3,728^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; Chinese: 61^st place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; Chinese: 188^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; Chinese: 141^st place)

sfgate.com (Global: 248^th place; Chinese: 517^th place)

state.co.us (Global: 6,053^rd place; Chinese: 8,046^th place)

uky.edu (Global: 3,287^th place; Chinese: 5,264^th place)

usgs.gov (Global: 119^th place; Chinese: 119^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Chinese: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Chinese: 4^th place)