US patent 6266704,Reed; Michael G. (Bethesda, MD), Syverson; Paul F. (Silver Spring, MD), Goldschlag; David M. (Silver Spring, MD),「Onion routing network for securely moving data through communication networks」,指定于The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy (Washington, DC)(英文)
Reed M. G., Sylverson P. F., Goldschlag D. M. Anonymous connections and onion routing(pdf). IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 1998年5月, 16 (4): 482–494 [2015-04-13](英语).