J D North (2008), "Cosmos: an illustrated history of astronomy and cosmology",（University of Chicago Press, 2008）, chapter 14, at page 454 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
D E Cartwright (2001), "Tides: a scientific history" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）,（Cambridge University Press 2001）, chapter 10, section: "Lunar acceleration, earth retardation and tidal friction" at pages 144-146.
Williams, George E. Geological constraints on the Precambrian history of Earth's rotation and the Moon's orbit. Reviews of Geophysics. 2000, 38 (1): 37–60. Bibcode:2000RvGeo..38...37W. doi:10.1029/1999RG900016.
Williams, George E. Geological constraints on the Precambrian history of Earth's rotation and the Moon's orbit. Reviews of Geophysics. 2000, 38 (1): 37–60. Bibcode:2000RvGeo..38...37W. doi:10.1029/1999RG900016.
:（1）In "The Physical Basis of the Leap Second", by D D McCarthy, C Hackman and R A Nelson, in Astronomical Journal, vol.136 (2008), pages 1906-1908, it is stated (page 1908), that "the SI second is equivalent to an older measure of the second of UT1, which was too small to start with and further, as the duration of the UT1 second increases, the discrepancy widens." :（2）In the late 1950s, the cesium standard was used to measure both the current mean length of the second of mean solar time (UT2)（result: 9192631830 cycles）and also the second of ephemeris time (ET)（result:9192631770 +/-20 cycles）, see "Time Scales", by L. Essen （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, in Metrologia, vol.4 (1968), pp.161-165, on p.162. As is well known, the 9192631770 figure was chosen for the SI second. L Essen in the same 1968 article（p.162）stated that this "seemed reasonable in view of the variations in UT2".
J D North (2008), "Cosmos: an illustrated history of astronomy and cosmology",（University of Chicago Press, 2008）, chapter 14, at page 454 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
D E Cartwright (2001), "Tides: a scientific history" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）,（Cambridge University Press 2001）, chapter 10, section: "Lunar acceleration, earth retardation and tidal friction" at pages 144-146.
:（1）In "The Physical Basis of the Leap Second", by D D McCarthy, C Hackman and R A Nelson, in Astronomical Journal, vol.136 (2008), pages 1906-1908, it is stated (page 1908), that "the SI second is equivalent to an older measure of the second of UT1, which was too small to start with and further, as the duration of the UT1 second increases, the discrepancy widens." :（2）In the late 1950s, the cesium standard was used to measure both the current mean length of the second of mean solar time (UT2)（result: 9192631830 cycles）and also the second of ephemeris time (ET)（result:9192631770 +/-20 cycles）, see "Time Scales", by L. Essen （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, in Metrologia, vol.4 (1968), pp.161-165, on p.162. As is well known, the 9192631770 figure was chosen for the SI second. L Essen in the same 1968 article（p.162）stated that this "seemed reasonable in view of the variations in UT2".
