Richardson, David M.; Pysek, Petr; Rejmanek, Marcel; Barbour, Michael G.; Panetta, F. Dane; West, Carol J. Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: concepts and definitions. Diversity and Distributions. 2000, 6 (2): 93–107. ISSN 1366-9516. doi:10.1046/j.1472-4642.2000.00083.x.
Hülsmann, Norbert; Galil, Bella S., Leppäkoski, Erkki; Gollasch, Stephan; Olenin, Sergej , 编, Protists — A Dominant Component of the Ballast-Transported Biota, Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management (Springer Netherlands), 2002: 20–26, ISBN 9789401599566, doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9956-6_3(英语)
Richardson, David M.; Pysek, Petr; Rejmanek, Marcel; Barbour, Michael G.; Panetta, F. Dane; West, Carol J. Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: concepts and definitions. Diversity and Distributions. 2000, 6 (2): 93–107. ISSN 1366-9516. doi:10.1046/j.1472-4642.2000.00083.x.