瑪雅文明 (Chinese Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "瑪雅文明" in Chinese language version.
refsWebsite
Global rank
Chinese rank
5th place
12th place
6th place
4th place
1st place
1st place
3rd place
8th place
low place
low place
18th place
57th place
low place
low place
305th place
511th place
low place
low place
3,332nd place
5,697th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
149th place
292nd place
6,821st place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
archive.org
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第26頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第46–47頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Rice & Rice 2009，第5頁. Rice, Prudence M.; Rice, Don S. Introduction to the Kowoj and their Petén Neighbors. Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (编). The Kowoj: identity, migration, and geopolitics in late postclassic Petén, Guatemala. Boulder, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. 2009: 3–15. ISBN 978-0-87081-930-8. OCLC 225875268 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第34–36頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第28頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第28–29頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第29頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第98頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第17頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第47頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第214頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第276頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第182, 197頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1281–83頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala
. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）. - Martin & Grube 2000，第25–26頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第236頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第275頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第8頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Schele & Mathews 1999，第179, 182–83頁. Schele, Linda; Mathews, Peter. The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1999. ISBN 978-0-684-85209-6. OCLC 41423034 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第81頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第21頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第9頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第218頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第322頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第29頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第324頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第224–26頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第383, 387頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第54–55頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第108頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第387頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第192–93頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第342頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第200, 203頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第203, 205頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第134–35頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Looper 2003，第76頁. Looper, Matthew G. Lightning Warrior: Maya Art and Kingship at Quirigua. Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-292-70556-2. OCLC 52208614 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第75頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第554頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第151–55頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第246頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第248頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第226頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第613, 616頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第618頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第717頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第759–60頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第763頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第764–65頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Schele & Mathews 1999，第297頁. Schele, Linda; Mathews, Peter. The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1999. ISBN 978-0-684-85209-6. OCLC 41423034 （英语）.
- Schele & Mathews 1999，第298頁. Schele, Linda; Mathews, Peter. The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1999. ISBN 978-0-684-85209-6. OCLC 41423034 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第766–72頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第772–73頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第9頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第10頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第11頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第31頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第32–33頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第33–34頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第37–38頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第38頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第39頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第42頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第45頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第44頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第243頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第244頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第245頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第245–46頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第246頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Cioffi-Revilla & Landman 1999，第563頁. Cioffi-Revilla, Claudio; Landman, Todd. Evolution of Maya Polities in the Ancient Mesoamerican System. International Studies Quarterly. December 1999, 43 (4): 559–98. ISSN 1468-2478. JSTOR 3014022. OCLC 52067195. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00137 （英语）.
- Gillespie 2000，第470, 473–74頁. Gillespie, Susan D. Rethinking Ancient Maya Social Organization: Replacing "Lineage" with "House". American Anthropologist. September 2000, 102 (3): 467–484. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 683405. OCLC 1479294 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第178頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第14頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第142, 144頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第144頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- D'Arcy Harrison 2003，第114頁. D'Arcy Harrison, Peter. Palaces of the Royal Court at Tikal. Jessica Joyce Christie (编). Maya Palaces and Elite Residences: An interdisciplinary approach. Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2003: 98–119. ISBN 978-0-292-71244-7. OCLC 55889753 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第17頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第4–5頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第135頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第12頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第65–66頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- D'Arcy Harrison 2003，第114–15頁. D'Arcy Harrison, Peter. Palaces of the Royal Court at Tikal. Jessica Joyce Christie (编). Maya Palaces and Elite Residences: An interdisciplinary approach. Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2003: 98–119. ISBN 978-0-292-71244-7. OCLC 55889753 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第13–14頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第15頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第77頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第68頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第97頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Masson & Peraza Lope 2004，第213頁. Masson, Marilyn A.; Peraza Lope, Carlos. Commoners in Postclassic Maya society: Social versus economic class constructs. Jon C. Lohse; Fred Valdez Jr. (编). Ancient Maya Commoners. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2004: 197–223. ISBN 978-0-292-70571-5. OCLC 803179517 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第132頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Houston, Robertson & Stuart 2000，第326頁. Houston, Stephen; Robertson, John; Stuart, David. The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions. Current Anthropology. June 2000, 41 (3): 321–56. ISSN 0011-3204. JSTOR 10.1086/300142. PMID 10768879. doi:10.1086/300142 （英语）.
- Houston, Robertson & Stuart 2000，第338頁. Houston, Stephen; Robertson, John; Stuart, David. The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions. Current Anthropology. June 2000, 41 (3): 321–56. ISSN 0011-3204. JSTOR 10.1086/300142. PMID 10768879. doi:10.1086/300142 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第125頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Diehl 2004，第183頁. Diehl, Richard A. The Olmecs: America's First Civilization. Ancient peoples and places series. London, UK: Thames & Hudson. 2004. ISBN 978-0-500-02119-4. OCLC 56746987 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1282頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第225頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第120, 123頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller & Taube 1993，第131頁. Miller, Mary; Taube, Karl. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London, UK: Thames and Hudson. 1993. ISBN 978-0-500-05068-2. OCLC 901448866 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第120頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Coe 1994，第245–46頁. Coe, Michael D. Breaking the Maya Code. London, UK: Thames & Hudson. 1994 [1992]. ISBN 978-0-14-023481-7. OCLC 31288285 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第135–36頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第126頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第129頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第123頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Rice et al. 2009，第129頁. Rice, Prudence M.; Rice, Don S.; Pugh, Timothy W.; Sánchez Polo, Rómulo. Defensive Architecture and the Context of Warfare at Zacpetén. Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (编). The Kowoj: identity, migration, and geopolitics in late postclassic Petén, Guatemala. Boulder, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. 2009: 123–140. ISBN 978-0-87081-930-8. OCLC 225875268 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第81–82頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第130–38頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第660頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第659頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第658頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第10頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第11頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第105頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第73–75頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第75頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第78頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第78–80頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第9, 80頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第80–81頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第340頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第84頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Stuart & Stuart 2008，第201頁. Stuart, David; Stuart, George. Palenque: Eternal City of the Maya. London, UK: Thames & Hudson. 2008. ISBN 978-0-500-05156-6. OCLC 227016561 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第131頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第92頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第36頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1281–82頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第84–85頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第83頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第45頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第228頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第86–87頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第87頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第86頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第378頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第77頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第76頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Hutson 2011，第403頁. Hutson, Scott R. The Art of Becoming: The Graffiti of Tikal, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity. December 2011, 22 (4): 403–26. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 23072567. doi:10.7183/1045-6635.22.4.403 （英语）.
- Hutson 2011，第405–06頁. Hutson, Scott R. The Art of Becoming: The Graffiti of Tikal, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity. December 2011, 22 (4): 403–26. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 23072567. doi:10.7183/1045-6635.22.4.403 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第25頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Schele & Mathews 1999，第23頁. Schele, Linda; Mathews, Peter. The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1999. ISBN 978-0-684-85209-6. OCLC 41423034 （英语）.
- Schele & Mathews 1999，第24頁. Schele, Linda; Mathews, Peter. The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1999. ISBN 978-0-684-85209-6. OCLC 41423034 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第546頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Christie 2003，第315–16頁. Christie, Jessica Joyce. Conclusions. Jessica Joyce Christie (编). Maya Palaces and Elite Residences: An interdisciplinary approach. Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2003: 315–36. ISBN 978-0-292-71244-7. OCLC 55889753 （英语）.
- Christie 2003，第316頁. Christie, Jessica Joyce. Conclusions. Jessica Joyce Christie (编). Maya Palaces and Elite Residences: An interdisciplinary approach. Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2003: 315–36. ISBN 978-0-292-71244-7. OCLC 55889753 （英语）.
- Christie 2003，第315頁. Christie, Jessica Joyce. Conclusions. Jessica Joyce Christie (编). Maya Palaces and Elite Residences: An interdisciplinary approach. Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2003: 315–36. ISBN 978-0-292-71244-7. OCLC 55889753 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第395, 397頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第32頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第207頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第175頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第201頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Doyle 2012，第358頁. Doyle, James A. Regroup on "E-Groups": Monumentality and Early Centers in the Middle Preclassic Maya Lowlands. Latin American Antiquity. December 2012, 23 (4): 355–79. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 23645603. OCLC 54395676. doi:10.7183/1045-6635.23.4.355 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第77頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第253頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Blume 2011，第53頁. Blume, Anna. Maya Concepts of Zero. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. March 2011, 155 (1): 51–88. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 23056849. OCLC 1480553 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第101頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第104頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第107頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第102頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第110頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第114頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第13頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第192頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第193頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第91頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第176頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第93頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第179頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第92頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第722頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第91–92頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第177頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第177, 179頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第181頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第182頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第182–83頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第181–83頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Miller & Taube 1993，第134頁. Miller, Mary; Taube, Karl. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London, UK: Thames and Hudson. 1993. ISBN 978-0-500-05068-2. OCLC 901448866 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第729頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller & Taube 1993，第170頁. Miller, Mary; Taube, Karl. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London, UK: Thames and Hudson. 1993. ISBN 978-0-500-05068-2. OCLC 901448866 （英语）.
- Miller & Taube 1993，第150頁. Miller, Mary; Taube, Karl. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London, UK: Thames and Hudson. 1993. ISBN 978-0-500-05068-2. OCLC 901448866 （英语）.
- Miller & Taube 1993，第142頁. Miller, Mary; Taube, Karl. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London, UK: Thames and Hudson. 1993. ISBN 978-0-500-05068-2. OCLC 901448866 （英语）.
- Freidel, Schele & Parker 1993，第289, 325, 441n26頁. Freidel, David A.; Schele, Linda; Parker, Joy. Maya Cosmos: Three Thousand Years on the Shaman's Path. New York: William Morrow & Co. 1993. ISBN 978-0-688-10081-0. OCLC 27430287 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第582–83頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第751頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller & Taube 1993，第96頁. Miller, Mary; Taube, Karl. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London, UK: Thames and Hudson. 1993. ISBN 978-0-500-05068-2. OCLC 901448866 （英语）.
- Tiesler & Cucina 2006，第493頁. Tiesler, Vera; Cucina, Andrea. Procedures in Human Heart Extraction and Ritual Meaning: A Taphonomic Assessment of Anthropogenic Marks in Classic Maya Skeletons. Latin American Antiquity. December 2006, 17 (4): 493–510. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 25063069. doi:10.2307/25063069 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第752頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
asociaciontikal.com
- Popenoe de Hatch & Schieber de Lavarreda 2001，第991頁. Popenoe de Hatch, Marion; Schieber de Lavarreda, Christa. J.P. Laporte; A.C. Suasnávar; B. Arroyo , 编. Una revisión preliminar de la historia de Tak'alik Ab'aj, departamento de Retalhuleu (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 2001,. XIV (2000): 990–1005 [2009-02-01]. OCLC 49563126. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-12-11） （西班牙语）.
- Demarest, Barrientos & Fahsen 2006，第832–33頁. Demarest, Arthur A.; Barrientos, Tomás; Fahsen, Federico. Laporte, J.P.; Arroyo, B.; Mejía, H. , 编. El apogeo y el Colapso del reinado de Cancuen: Resultados e interpretaciones del Proyecto Cancuen, 2004–2005 (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 2006,. XIX (2005): 826–37 [2020-07-05]. OCLC 71050804. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-23） （西班牙语）.
- Caso Barrera & Aliphat Fernández 2007，第49頁. Caso Barrera, Laura; Aliphat Fernández, Mario. J. P. Laporte; B. Arroyo; H. Mejía , 编. Relaciones de Verapaz y las Tierras Bajas Mayas Centrales en el siglo XVII (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 2007,. XX (2006): 48–58 [2014-06-26]. OCLC 173275417. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-10-17） （西班牙语）.
- Reents-Budet et al. 2006，第1417–18頁. Reents-Budet, Dorie; Foias, Antonia E.; Bishop, Ronald L.; Blackman, M. James; Guenter, Stanley. J.P. Laporte; B. Arroyo; H. Mejía , 编. Interacciones políticas y el Sitio Ik' (Motul de San José): Datos de la cerámica (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 2006,. XX (2006): 1416–36 [2009-11-14]. OCLC 173275417. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-09-14） （西班牙语）.
- Laporte & Fialko 1994，第336頁. Laporte, Juan Pedro; Fialko, Vilma. J.P. Laporte; H. Escobedo , 编. Mundo Perdido, Tikal: Los enunciados actuales (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 1994,. VII (1993): 335–48 [2012-02-26]. OCLC 33865804. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-09-15） （西班牙语）.
- Forsyth 1993，第113頁. Forsyth, Donald W. J. P. Laporte; H. Escobedo; S. Villagrán de Brady , 编. La arquitectura Preclásica en Nakbe: Un estudio comparativo de dos periodos. (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 1993,. VI (1992): 113–21 [2010-07-21]. OCLC 30671693. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-09-04） （西班牙语）.
- Valdés 1994，第101頁. Valdés, Juan Antonio. J.P. Laporte; H. Escobedo; S. Villagrán , 编. El Grupo A de Uaxactun: Manifestaciones arquitectónicas y dinásticas durante el Clásico Temprano. (PDF). I Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1987. 1994: 98–111 [2010-07-21]. OCLC 31177419. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-11-03） （西班牙语）.
- Hansen 1991，第166頁. Hansen, Richard D. J.P. Laporte; S. Villagrán; H. Escobedo; D. de González; J. Valdés , 编. Resultados preliminares de las investigaciones arqueológicas en el sitio Nakbe, Petén, Guatemala (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 1991,. II (1988): 163–78 [2010-07-21]. OCLC 27267772. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-07） （西班牙语）.
books.google.com
- Lovell 2005，第17頁. Lovell, W. George. Conquest and Survival in Colonial Guatemala: A Historical Geography of the Cuchumatán Highlands, 1500–1821 3rd. Montreal, Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press. 2005 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-7735-2741-6. OCLC 58051691. （原始内容存档于2020-07-22） （英语）.
- Viqueira 2004，第21頁. Viqueira, Juan Pedro. Chiapas y sus regiones [Chiapas and its Regions]. Juan Pedro Viqueira; Mario Humberto Ruz (编). Chiapas: los rumbos de otra historia. Mexico City, Mexico: Centro de Investigaciones Filológicas with Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social (CIESAS). 2004: 19–40 [1995] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-968-36-4836-5. OCLC 36759921. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （西班牙语）.
- Rosenwig 2010，第3頁. Rosenwig, Robert M. The Beginnings of Mesoamerican Civilization: Inter-Regional Interaction and the Olmec. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2010 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-521-11102-7. OCLC 402542556. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Adams 2005，第17頁. Adams, Richard E. W. Prehistoric Mesoamerica 3rd. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2005 [1977] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3702-5. OCLC 58975830. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Adams 2005，第18頁. Adams, Richard E. W. Prehistoric Mesoamerica 3rd. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2005 [1977] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3702-5. OCLC 58975830. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Adams 2005，第19頁. Adams, Richard E. W. Prehistoric Mesoamerica 3rd. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2005 [1977] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3702-5. OCLC 58975830. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Witschey & Brown 2012，第183–84頁. Witschey, Walter R. T.; Brown, Clifford T. Historical Dictionary of Mesoamerica. Plymouth, Devon, UK: Scarecrow Press. 2012 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8108-7167-0. OCLC 754105610. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Brittenham 2009，第140頁. Brittenham, Claudia. Francesco Pellizzi , 编. Style and substance, or why the Cacaxtla paintings were buried. Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology and the Harvard Art Museum). Spring–Autumn 2009,. 55/56 Absconding: 135–55 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-87365-854-6. ISSN 0277-1322. OCLC 601057415. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Berlo 1989，第30頁. Berlo, Janet Catherine. Early Writing in Central Mexico: In Tlilli, In Tlapalli before A.D. 1000. Richard A. Diehl; Janet Catherine Berlo (编). Mesoamerica after the Decline of Teotihuacan, A.D. 700–900. Washington, D.C., US: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University. 1989: 19–48 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-88402-175-9. OCLC 18557289. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Kristan-Graham & Kowalski 2007，第13–14頁. Kristan-Graham, Cynthia; Kowalski, Jeff Karl. Chichén Itzá, Tula, and Tollan: Changing Perspectives on a Recurring Problem in Mesoamerican Archaeology and Art History. Twin Tollans: Chichén Itzá, Tula, and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington, DC: Trustees for Harvard University. 2007: 13–84. ISBN 978-0-88402-323-4. OCLC 71243931 （英语）.
- Masson & Peraza Lope 2014. Masson, Marilyn A.; Peraza Lope, Carlos. Militarism, Misery and Collapse. Marilyn A. Masson; Carlos Peraza Lope (编). Kukulcan's Realm: Urban Life at Ancient Mayapán. Boulder, Colorado, US: University Press of Colorado. 2014 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-1-60732-319-8. OCLC 892430422. （原始内容存档于2021-01-24） （英语）.
- Jones 1998，第xix頁. Jones, Grant D. The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 1998 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8047-3522-3. （原始内容存档于2020-06-27） （英语）.
- Oakley & Rubin 2012，第81頁. Oakley, Francis; Rubin, Benjamin B. Sacral Kingship and the Origins of Religious, Social, and Political Orders. Patrick McNamara; Wesley J. Wildman (编). Science and the World's Religions: Origins and Destinies 1. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger/ABC-CLIO. 2012: 69–90 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-313-38732-6. OCLC 768417915. （原始内容存档于2020-12-16） （英语）.
- Oakley & Rubin 2012，第82頁. Oakley, Francis; Rubin, Benjamin B. Sacral Kingship and the Origins of Religious, Social, and Political Orders. Patrick McNamara; Wesley J. Wildman (编). Science and the World's Religions: Origins and Destinies 1. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger/ABC-CLIO. 2012: 69–90 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-313-38732-6. OCLC 768417915. （原始内容存档于2020-12-16） （英语）.
- Chase & Chase 2012，第265頁. Chase, Arlen F.; Chase, Diane Z. Complex Societies in the Southern Maya Lowlands: Their Development and Florescence in the Archaeological Record. Deborah L. Nichols; Christopher A. Pool (编). The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology. New York: Oxford University Press. 2012: 255–67 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-19-539093-3. OCLC 761538187. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Chase & Chase 2012，第264頁. Chase, Arlen F.; Chase, Diane Z. Complex Societies in the Southern Maya Lowlands: Their Development and Florescence in the Archaeological Record. Deborah L. Nichols; Christopher A. Pool (编). The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology. New York: Oxford University Press. 2012: 255–67 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-19-539093-3. OCLC 761538187. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Witschey & Brown 2012，第321頁. Witschey, Walter R. T.; Brown, Clifford T. Historical Dictionary of Mesoamerica. Plymouth, Devon, UK: Scarecrow Press. 2012 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8108-7167-0. OCLC 754105610. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Macri & Looper 2003，第5頁. Macri, Martha J.; Looper, Matthew George. The New Catalog of Maya Hieroglyphs. The civilization of the American Indian series. 1: The Classic period inscriptions. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2003 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3497-0. OCLC 773482216. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Macri & Looper 2003，第11頁. Macri, Martha J.; Looper, Matthew George. The New Catalog of Maya Hieroglyphs. The civilization of the American Indian series. 1: The Classic period inscriptions. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2003 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3497-0. OCLC 773482216. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Abrams 1994，第60, 130頁. Abrams, Elliot M. How the Maya Built Their World: Energetics and Ancient Architecture. Austin, Texas, US: University of Texas Press. 1994 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-292-70461-9. OCLC 29564628. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Justeson 2010，第46頁. Justeson, John. Numerical cognition and the development of 'zero' in Mesoamerica. The Archaeology of Measurement: Comprehending Heaven, Earth and Time in Ancient Societies. New York, US: Cambridge University Press. 2010: 43–53. ISBN 978-0-521-11990-0. OCLC 501396677 （英语）.
- Justeson 2010，第49頁. Justeson, John. Numerical cognition and the development of 'zero' in Mesoamerica. The Archaeology of Measurement: Comprehending Heaven, Earth and Time in Ancient Societies. New York, US: Cambridge University Press. 2010: 43–53. ISBN 978-0-521-11990-0. OCLC 501396677 （英语）.
- Justeson 2010，第50頁. Justeson, John. Numerical cognition and the development of 'zero' in Mesoamerica. The Archaeology of Measurement: Comprehending Heaven, Earth and Time in Ancient Societies. New York, US: Cambridge University Press. 2010: 43–53. ISBN 978-0-521-11990-0. OCLC 501396677 （英语）.
- Justeson 2010，第52頁. Justeson, John. Numerical cognition and the development of 'zero' in Mesoamerica. The Archaeology of Measurement: Comprehending Heaven, Earth and Time in Ancient Societies. New York, US: Cambridge University Press. 2010: 43–53. ISBN 978-0-521-11990-0. OCLC 501396677 （英语）.
- Tedlock 1992，第1頁. Tedlock, Barbara. Time and the Highland Maya Revised. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. 1992 [1982] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8263-1358-4. OCLC 45732799. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
cambridge.org
journals.cambridge.org
- Becker 2004，第134頁. Becker, Marshall Joseph. Maya Heterarchy as Inferred from Classic-Period Plaza Plans. Ancient Mesoamerica. 2004, 15: 127–38 [2015-08-17]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536104151079. （原始内容存档于2016-03-06） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第293頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第291頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第292頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第294頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第294, 301頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
ceon.pl
depotuw.ceon.pl
- Szymanski 2013，第23–37頁. Szymanski, Jan. Between Death and Divinity. Rethinking the Significance of Triadic Groups in Ancient Maya Culture (PDF). PhD Dissertation. Warsaw, Poland: University of Warsaw. 2013 [2014-01-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-11-03） （英语）.
- Szymanski 2013. Szymanski, Jan. Between Death and Divinity. Rethinking the Significance of Triadic Groups in Ancient Maya Culture (PDF). PhD Dissertation. Warsaw, Poland: University of Warsaw. 2013 [2014-01-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-11-03） （英语）.
- Szymanski 2013，第65頁. Szymanski, Jan. Between Death and Divinity. Rethinking the Significance of Triadic Groups in Ancient Maya Culture (PDF). PhD Dissertation. Warsaw, Poland: University of Warsaw. 2013 [2014-01-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-11-03） （英语）.
- Szymanski 2013，第35頁. Szymanski, Jan. Between Death and Divinity. Rethinking the Significance of Triadic Groups in Ancient Maya Culture (PDF). PhD Dissertation. Warsaw, Poland: University of Warsaw. 2013 [2014-01-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-11-03） （英语）.
doaks.org
- Hansen 1998，第78頁. Hansen, Richard D. Continuity and Disjunction: The Pre-Classic Antecedents of Classic Maya Architecture (PDF). Stephen D. Houston (编). Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. 1998: 49–122 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-88402-254-1. OCLC 318200121. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-06-10） （英语）.
- Hansen 1998，第80頁. Hansen, Richard D. Continuity and Disjunction: The Pre-Classic Antecedents of Classic Maya Architecture (PDF). Stephen D. Houston (编). Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. 1998: 49–122 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-88402-254-1. OCLC 318200121. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-06-10） （英语）.
doi.org
- Thompson 1966，第25頁. Thompson, J. Eric S. The Maya Central Area at the Spanish Conquest and Later: A Problem in Demography. Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 1966, (1966): 23–37. JSTOR 3031712. doi:10.2307/3031712 （英语）.
- Masson 2012，第18238頁. Masson, Marilyn A. Maya collapse cycles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-11-06, 109 (45): 18237–38. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918237M. ISSN 1091-6490. JSTOR 41829886. PMC 3494883
. PMID 22992650. doi:10.1073/pnas.1213638109 （英语）. - Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1281–83頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Love 2007，第293, 297頁. Love, Michael. Recent Research in the Southern Highlands and Pacific Coast of Mesoamerica. Journal of Archaeological Research. December 2007, 15 (4): 275–328. ISSN 1573-7756. doi:10.1007/s10814-007-9014-y （英语）.
- Masson 2012，第18237頁. Masson, Marilyn A. Maya collapse cycles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-11-06, 109 (45): 18237–38. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918237M. ISSN 1091-6490. JSTOR 41829886. PMC 3494883 . PMID 22992650. doi:10.1073/pnas.1213638109 （英语）.
- Looper 1999，第81, 271頁. Looper, Matthew G. New Perspectives on the Late Classic Political History of Quirigua, Guatemala. Ancient Mesoamerica. 1999, 10 (2): 263–80. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 86542758. doi:10.1017/S0956536199101135 （英语）.
- Becker 2004，第134頁. Becker, Marshall Joseph. Maya Heterarchy as Inferred from Classic-Period Plaza Plans. Ancient Mesoamerica. 2004, 15: 127–38 [2015-08-17]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536104151079. （原始内容存档于2016-03-06） （英语）.
- Thompson 1932，第449頁. Thompson, J. Eric S. A Maya Calendar from the Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala. American Anthropologist. New Series. July–September 1932, 34 (3): 449–54. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 661903. OCLC 1479294. doi:10.1525/aa.1932.34.3.02a00090 （英语）.
- Cioffi-Revilla & Landman 1999，第563頁. Cioffi-Revilla, Claudio; Landman, Todd. Evolution of Maya Polities in the Ancient Mesoamerican System. International Studies Quarterly. December 1999, 43 (4): 559–98. ISSN 1468-2478. JSTOR 3014022. OCLC 52067195. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00137 （英语）.
- Houston, Robertson & Stuart 2000，第326頁. Houston, Stephen; Robertson, John; Stuart, David. The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions. Current Anthropology. June 2000, 41 (3): 321–56. ISSN 0011-3204. JSTOR 10.1086/300142. PMID 10768879. doi:10.1086/300142 （英语）.
- Houston, Robertson & Stuart 2000，第338頁. Houston, Stephen; Robertson, John; Stuart, David. The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions. Current Anthropology. June 2000, 41 (3): 321–56. ISSN 0011-3204. JSTOR 10.1086/300142. PMID 10768879. doi:10.1086/300142 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1282頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Love 2007，第293頁. Love, Michael. Recent Research in the Southern Highlands and Pacific Coast of Mesoamerica. Journal of Archaeological Research. December 2007, 15 (4): 275–328. ISSN 1573-7756. doi:10.1007/s10814-007-9014-y （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第293頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第291頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第292頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Webster 2000，第66頁. Webster, David. The Not So Peaceful Civilization: A Review of Maya War. Journal of World Prehistory. March 2000, 14 (1): 65–119. ISSN 1573-7802. JSTOR 25801154. doi:10.1023/a:1007813518630 （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第294頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第294, 301頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Fisher 2014，第196頁. Fisher, Chelsea. The role of infield agriculture in Maya cities. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. December 2014, 36: 196–210 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0278-4165. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2014.10.001. （原始内容存档于2018-12-11） （英语）.
- Ross 2011，第75頁. Ross, Nanci J. Modern tree species composition reflects ancient Maya 'forest gardens' in northwest Belize. Ecological Applications. January 2011, 21 (1): 75–84. ISSN 1051-0761. JSTOR 29779638. PMID 21516889. doi:10.1890/09-0662.1 （英语）.
- Adams, Brown & Culbert 1981，第1460頁. Adams, R. E. W.; Brown, W. E.; Culbert, T. Patrick. Radar mapping, Archaeology, and Ancient Maya Land Use (PDF). Science. New Series. 25 September 1981, 213 (4515): 1457–63 [2015-03-12]. Bibcode:1981Sci...213.1457A. ISSN 1095-9203. OCLC 863047799. PMID 17780866. doi:10.1126/science.213.4515.1457. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-03-12） （英语）.
- Colunga-García Marín & Zizumbo-Villarreal 2004，第S102–S103頁. Colunga-García Marín, Patricia; Zizumbo-Villarreal, Daniel. Domestication of Plants in Maya Lowlands. Economic Botany. Winter 2004,. 58, Supplement: S101–S110. ISSN 0013-0001. JSTOR 4256911. doi:10.1663/0013-0001(2004)58[s101:dopiml]2.0.co;2 （英语）.
- Caso Barrera & Aliphat Fernández 2006，第31, 36頁. Caso Barrera, Laura; Aliphat Fernández, Mario. Cacao, vanilla and annatto: three production and exchange systems in the Southern Maya lowlands, XVI–XVII centuries. Journal of Latin American Geography. 2006, 5 (2): 29–52. ISSN 1545-2476. JSTOR 25765138. OCLC 356573308. doi:10.1353/lag.2006.0015 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1281–82頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Hutson 2011，第403頁. Hutson, Scott R. The Art of Becoming: The Graffiti of Tikal, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity. December 2011, 22 (4): 403–26. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 23072567. doi:10.7183/1045-6635.22.4.403 （英语）.
- Hutson 2011，第405–06頁. Hutson, Scott R. The Art of Becoming: The Graffiti of Tikal, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity. December 2011, 22 (4): 403–26. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 23072567. doi:10.7183/1045-6635.22.4.403 （英语）.
- Doyle 2012，第358頁. Doyle, James A. Regroup on "E-Groups": Monumentality and Early Centers in the Middle Preclassic Maya Lowlands. Latin American Antiquity. December 2012, 23 (4): 355–79. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 23645603. OCLC 54395676. doi:10.7183/1045-6635.23.4.355 （英语）.
- Van Stone 2011. Van Stone, Mark. It's not the End of the World: emic evidence for local diversity in the Maya Long Count. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 2011, 7 (278): 186–191. doi:10.1017/S1743921311012610 （英语）.
- Thompson 1974，第88頁. Thompson, J. Eric S. Maya Astronomy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 2 May 1974, 276 (1257, The Place of Astronomy in the Ancient World): 83–98. Bibcode:1974RSPTA.276...83T. ISSN 0261-0523. JSTOR 74276. doi:10.1098/rsta.1974.0011 （英语）.
- Tiesler & Cucina 2006，第493頁. Tiesler, Vera; Cucina, Andrea. Procedures in Human Heart Extraction and Ritual Meaning: A Taphonomic Assessment of Anthropogenic Marks in Classic Maya Skeletons. Latin American Antiquity. December 2006, 17 (4): 493–510. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 25063069. doi:10.2307/25063069 （英语）.
duq.edu
mathcs.duq.edu
- Tobin 2001. Tobin, Thomas J. The Construction of the Codex in Classic- and Postclassic-Period Maya Civilization. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Duquesne University. 2001 [2015-03-09]. （原始内容存档于2002-10-17） （英语）.
famsi.org
famsi.org
- Ros. Ros, Narin. Maya Museum Database. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies. [2015-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-08） （英语）. Full list from FAMSIarchived from the original（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） on 2015-06-08.
research.famsi.org
- Ros. Ros, Narin. Maya Museum Database. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies. [2015-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-08） （英语）. Full list from FAMSIarchived from the original（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） on 2015-06-08.
harvard.edu
ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
- Masson 2012，第18238頁. Masson, Marilyn A. Maya collapse cycles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-11-06, 109 (45): 18237–38. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918237M. ISSN 1091-6490. JSTOR 41829886. PMC 3494883 . PMID 22992650. doi:10.1073/pnas.1213638109 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1281–83頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Masson 2012，第18237頁. Masson, Marilyn A. Maya collapse cycles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-11-06, 109 (45): 18237–38. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918237M. ISSN 1091-6490. JSTOR 41829886. PMC 3494883 . PMID 22992650. doi:10.1073/pnas.1213638109 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1282頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Adams, Brown & Culbert 1981，第1460頁. Adams, R. E. W.; Brown, W. E.; Culbert, T. Patrick. Radar mapping, Archaeology, and Ancient Maya Land Use (PDF). Science. New Series. 25 September 1981, 213 (4515): 1457–63 [2015-03-12]. Bibcode:1981Sci...213.1457A. ISSN 1095-9203. OCLC 863047799. PMID 17780866. doi:10.1126/science.213.4515.1457. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-03-12） （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1281–82頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Thompson 1974，第88頁. Thompson, J. Eric S. Maya Astronomy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 2 May 1974, 276 (1257, The Place of Astronomy in the Ancient World): 83–98. Bibcode:1974RSPTA.276...83T. ISSN 0261-0523. JSTOR 74276. doi:10.1098/rsta.1974.0011 （英语）.
jhu.edu
muse.jhu.edu
- Marcus 2004a，第277頁. Marcus, Joyce. Maya Commoners: The Stereotype and the Reality (PDF). Jon C. Lohse; Fred Valdez Jr. (编). Ancient Maya Commoners. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2004a: 255–84 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-292-70571-5. OCLC 60745417. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05） –通过Project MUSE （英语）.
- Marcus 2004a，第255頁. Marcus, Joyce. Maya Commoners: The Stereotype and the Reality (PDF). Jon C. Lohse; Fred Valdez Jr. (编). Ancient Maya Commoners. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2004a: 255–84 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-292-70571-5. OCLC 60745417. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05） –通过Project MUSE （英语）.
- Milbrath 1999，第252–53頁. Milbrath, Susan. Stars, the Milky Way, Comets, and Meteors (PDF). Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 1999: 249–93 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-292-75225-2. OCLC 40848420. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04） –通过Project MUSE （英语）.
jstor.org
- Thompson 1966，第25頁. Thompson, J. Eric S. The Maya Central Area at the Spanish Conquest and Later: A Problem in Demography. Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 1966, (1966): 23–37. JSTOR 3031712. doi:10.2307/3031712 （英语）.
- Masson 2012，第18238頁. Masson, Marilyn A. Maya collapse cycles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-11-06, 109 (45): 18237–38. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918237M. ISSN 1091-6490. JSTOR 41829886. PMC 3494883 . PMID 22992650. doi:10.1073/pnas.1213638109 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1281–83頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Masson 2012，第18237頁. Masson, Marilyn A. Maya collapse cycles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-11-06, 109 (45): 18237–38. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918237M. ISSN 1091-6490. JSTOR 41829886. PMC 3494883 . PMID 22992650. doi:10.1073/pnas.1213638109 （英语）.
- Andrews 1984，第589頁. Andrews, Anthony P. The Political Geography of the Sixteenth Century Yucatan Maya: Comments and Revisions. Journal of Anthropological Research. Winter 1984, 40 (4): 589–96. ISSN 0091-7710. JSTOR 3629799. OCLC 1787802 （英语）.
- Zorich 2012，第29頁. Zorich, Zach. The Maya Sense of Time. Archaeology. Vol. 65 no. 6 (New York: Archaeological Institute of America). November–December 2012: 25–29. ISSN 0003-8113. JSTOR 41804605. OCLC 1481828 （英语）.
- Thompson 1932，第449頁. Thompson, J. Eric S. A Maya Calendar from the Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala. American Anthropologist. New Series. July–September 1932, 34 (3): 449–54. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 661903. OCLC 1479294. doi:10.1525/aa.1932.34.3.02a00090 （英语）.
- Cioffi-Revilla & Landman 1999，第563頁. Cioffi-Revilla, Claudio; Landman, Todd. Evolution of Maya Polities in the Ancient Mesoamerican System. International Studies Quarterly. December 1999, 43 (4): 559–98. ISSN 1468-2478. JSTOR 3014022. OCLC 52067195. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00137 （英语）.
- Gillespie 2000，第470, 473–74頁. Gillespie, Susan D. Rethinking Ancient Maya Social Organization: Replacing "Lineage" with "House". American Anthropologist. September 2000, 102 (3): 467–484. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 683405. OCLC 1479294 （英语）.
- Houston, Robertson & Stuart 2000，第326頁. Houston, Stephen; Robertson, John; Stuart, David. The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions. Current Anthropology. June 2000, 41 (3): 321–56. ISSN 0011-3204. JSTOR 10.1086/300142. PMID 10768879. doi:10.1086/300142 （英语）.
- Houston, Robertson & Stuart 2000，第338頁. Houston, Stephen; Robertson, John; Stuart, David. The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions. Current Anthropology. June 2000, 41 (3): 321–56. ISSN 0011-3204. JSTOR 10.1086/300142. PMID 10768879. doi:10.1086/300142 （英语）.
- Bricker 2007，第143頁. Bricker, Victoria R. A Quarter-Century of Mayan Linguistics. Mexicon. December 2007, 29 (6): 138–47. ISSN 0720-5988. JSTOR 23759758. OCLC 5821915 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1282頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Webster 2000，第66頁. Webster, David. The Not So Peaceful Civilization: A Review of Maya War. Journal of World Prehistory. March 2000, 14 (1): 65–119. ISSN 1573-7802. JSTOR 25801154. doi:10.1023/a:1007813518630 （英语）.
- Ross 2011，第75頁. Ross, Nanci J. Modern tree species composition reflects ancient Maya 'forest gardens' in northwest Belize. Ecological Applications. January 2011, 21 (1): 75–84. ISSN 1051-0761. JSTOR 29779638. PMID 21516889. doi:10.1890/09-0662.1 （英语）.
- Colunga-García Marín & Zizumbo-Villarreal 2004，第S102–S103頁. Colunga-García Marín, Patricia; Zizumbo-Villarreal, Daniel. Domestication of Plants in Maya Lowlands. Economic Botany. Winter 2004,. 58, Supplement: S101–S110. ISSN 0013-0001. JSTOR 4256911. doi:10.1663/0013-0001(2004)58[s101:dopiml]2.0.co;2 （英语）.
- Caso Barrera & Aliphat Fernández 2006，第31, 36頁. Caso Barrera, Laura; Aliphat Fernández, Mario. Cacao, vanilla and annatto: three production and exchange systems in the Southern Maya lowlands, XVI–XVII centuries. Journal of Latin American Geography. 2006, 5 (2): 29–52. ISSN 1545-2476. JSTOR 25765138. OCLC 356573308. doi:10.1353/lag.2006.0015 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1281–82頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Hutson 2011，第403頁. Hutson, Scott R. The Art of Becoming: The Graffiti of Tikal, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity. December 2011, 22 (4): 403–26. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 23072567. doi:10.7183/1045-6635.22.4.403 （英语）.
- Hutson 2011，第405–06頁. Hutson, Scott R. The Art of Becoming: The Graffiti of Tikal, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity. December 2011, 22 (4): 403–26. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 23072567. doi:10.7183/1045-6635.22.4.403 （英语）.
- Doyle 2012，第358頁. Doyle, James A. Regroup on "E-Groups": Monumentality and Early Centers in the Middle Preclassic Maya Lowlands. Latin American Antiquity. December 2012, 23 (4): 355–79. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 23645603. OCLC 54395676. doi:10.7183/1045-6635.23.4.355 （英语）.
- Blume 2011，第53頁. Blume, Anna. Maya Concepts of Zero. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. March 2011, 155 (1): 51–88. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 23056849. OCLC 1480553 （英语）.
- Thompson 1974，第88頁. Thompson, J. Eric S. Maya Astronomy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 2 May 1974, 276 (1257, The Place of Astronomy in the Ancient World): 83–98. Bibcode:1974RSPTA.276...83T. ISSN 0261-0523. JSTOR 74276. doi:10.1098/rsta.1974.0011 （英语）.
- Emboden 1979，第50–52頁. Emboden, William A. Nymphaea ampla and other Narcotics in Maya Ritual and Shamanism. Mexicon. 1979-01-01, 1 (4): 50–52. ISSN 0720-5988. JSTOR 23757393. OCLC 5821915 （英语）.
- Tiesler & Cucina 2006，第493頁. Tiesler, Vera; Cucina, Andrea. Procedures in Human Heart Extraction and Ritual Meaning: A Taphonomic Assessment of Anthropogenic Marks in Classic Maya Skeletons. Latin American Antiquity. December 2006, 17 (4): 493–510. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 25063069. doi:10.2307/25063069 （英语）.
kimbellart.org
- Kimbell Art Museum 2015. Kimbell Art Museum. Presentation of Captives to a Maya Ruler. Fort Worth, Texas: Kimbell Art Museum. 2015 [2015-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2015-03-07） （英语）.
ksu.edu.sa
faculty.ksu.edu.sa
- Adams, Brown & Culbert 1981，第1460頁. Adams, R. E. W.; Brown, W. E.; Culbert, T. Patrick. Radar mapping, Archaeology, and Ancient Maya Land Use (PDF). Science. New Series. 25 September 1981, 213 (4515): 1457–63 [2015-03-12]. Bibcode:1981Sci...213.1457A. ISSN 1095-9203. OCLC 863047799. PMID 17780866. doi:10.1126/science.213.4515.1457. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-03-12） （英语）.
mcd.gob.gt
- del Águila Flores 2007，第38頁. del Águila Flores, Patricia. Zaculeu: Ciudad Postclásica en las Tierras Altas Mayas de Guatemala (PDF). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes. 2007 [2011-08-06]. OCLC 277021068. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-21） （西班牙语）.
mesoweb.com
- Kettunen & Helmke 2008，第10頁. Kettunen, Harri; Helmke, Christopher. Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs: Workshop handbook (PDF). Mesoweb articles. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2008 [2015-03-08]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-05-01） （英语）.
- Kettunen & Helmke 2008，第6頁. Kettunen, Harri; Helmke, Christopher. Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs: Workshop handbook (PDF). Mesoweb articles. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2008 [2015-03-08]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-05-01） （英语）.
- Kettunen & Helmke 2014，第9頁. Kettunen, Harri; Helmke, Christopher. Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs: Workshop handbook (PDF). Mesoweb articles 14th. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2014 [2015-03-08]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-05-01） （英语）.
- Kettunen & Helmke 2014，第24–25頁. Kettunen, Harri; Helmke, Christopher. Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs: Workshop handbook (PDF). Mesoweb articles 14th. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2014 [2015-03-08]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-05-01） （英语）.
- Kettunen & Helmke 2014，第16頁. Kettunen, Harri; Helmke, Christopher. Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs: Workshop handbook (PDF). Mesoweb articles 14th. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2014 [2015-03-08]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-05-01） （英语）.
- Christenson 2007，第61n65, 228n646頁. Christenson, Allen J. Popul Vuh: Sacred Book of the Quiché Maya People (PDF). Mesoweb articles. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2007 [2003] [2010-01-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-10-24） （英语）.
- Christenson 2007，第52–53n20頁. Christenson, Allen J. Popul Vuh: Sacred Book of the Quiché Maya People (PDF). Mesoweb articles. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2007 [2003] [2010-01-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-10-24） （英语）.
missouristate.edu
art.missouristate.edu
- Williams 2010. Williams, Josh. Mississippian and Maya Eccentric Flints. Springfield, Missouri: Board of Governors, Missouri State University. 2010 [2012-12-29]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-02） （英语）.
nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Masson 2012，第18238頁. Masson, Marilyn A. Maya collapse cycles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-11-06, 109 (45): 18237–38. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918237M. ISSN 1091-6490. JSTOR 41829886. PMC 3494883 . PMID 22992650. doi:10.1073/pnas.1213638109 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1281–83頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Masson 2012，第18237頁. Masson, Marilyn A. Maya collapse cycles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-11-06, 109 (45): 18237–38. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918237M. ISSN 1091-6490. JSTOR 41829886. PMC 3494883 . PMID 22992650. doi:10.1073/pnas.1213638109 （英语）.
- Houston, Robertson & Stuart 2000，第326頁. Houston, Stephen; Robertson, John; Stuart, David. The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions. Current Anthropology. June 2000, 41 (3): 321–56. ISSN 0011-3204. JSTOR 10.1086/300142. PMID 10768879. doi:10.1086/300142 （英语）.
- Houston, Robertson & Stuart 2000，第338頁. Houston, Stephen; Robertson, John; Stuart, David. The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions. Current Anthropology. June 2000, 41 (3): 321–56. ISSN 0011-3204. JSTOR 10.1086/300142. PMID 10768879. doi:10.1086/300142 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1282頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Ross 2011，第75頁. Ross, Nanci J. Modern tree species composition reflects ancient Maya 'forest gardens' in northwest Belize. Ecological Applications. January 2011, 21 (1): 75–84. ISSN 1051-0761. JSTOR 29779638. PMID 21516889. doi:10.1890/09-0662.1 （英语）.
- Adams, Brown & Culbert 1981，第1460頁. Adams, R. E. W.; Brown, W. E.; Culbert, T. Patrick. Radar mapping, Archaeology, and Ancient Maya Land Use (PDF). Science. New Series. 25 September 1981, 213 (4515): 1457–63 [2015-03-12]. Bibcode:1981Sci...213.1457A. ISSN 1095-9203. OCLC 863047799. PMID 17780866. doi:10.1126/science.213.4515.1457. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-03-12） （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1281–82頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
sciencedirect.com
- Fisher 2014，第196頁. Fisher, Chelsea. The role of infield agriculture in Maya cities. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. December 2014, 36: 196–210 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0278-4165. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2014.10.001. （原始内容存档于2018-12-11） （英语）.
sfasu.edu
scholarworks.sfasu.edu
- Pugh & Cecil 2012，第315頁. Pugh, Timothy W.; Cecil, Leslie G. The contact period of central Petén, Guatemala in color. Social and Cultural Analysis, Department of. Faculty Publications. 2012,. Paper 6 [2020-07-05]. （原始内容存档于2015-06-27） （英语）.
sfu.museum
- SFU Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. SFU Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Featured Artifacts: Mayan Eccentric Flints. Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada: Simon Fraser University Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. [2015-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-02） （英语）.
vanderbilt.edu
exploration.vanderbilt.edu
- Salisbury, Koumenalis & Moffett 2002. Salisbury, David; Koumenalis, Mimi; Moffett, Barbara. Newly revealed hieroglyphs tell story of superpower conflict in the Maya world (PDF). Exploration: The Online Research Journal of Vanderbilt University. 19 September 2002 [2015-05-20]. OCLC 50324967. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-11-02） （英语）.
wayeb.org
- WAYEB. WAYEB. Museums & Collections. European Association of Mayanists (WAYEB). [2015-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-11） （英语）.
web.archive.org
- Lovell 2005，第17頁. Lovell, W. George. Conquest and Survival in Colonial Guatemala: A Historical Geography of the Cuchumatán Highlands, 1500–1821 3rd. Montreal, Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press. 2005 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-7735-2741-6. OCLC 58051691. （原始内容存档于2020-07-22） （英语）.
- Quezada 2011，第17頁. Quezada, Sergio. La colonización de los mayas peninsulares (PDF). Biblioteca Básica de Yucatán 18. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico: Secretaría de Educación del Gobierno del Estado de Yucatán. 2011 [2013-01-20]. ISBN 978-607-7824-27-5. OCLC 796677890. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-04） （西班牙语）.
- Viqueira 2004，第21頁. Viqueira, Juan Pedro. Chiapas y sus regiones [Chiapas and its Regions]. Juan Pedro Viqueira; Mario Humberto Ruz (编). Chiapas: los rumbos de otra historia. Mexico City, Mexico: Centro de Investigaciones Filológicas with Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social (CIESAS). 2004: 19–40 [1995] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-968-36-4836-5. OCLC 36759921. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （西班牙语）.
- Rosenwig 2010，第3頁. Rosenwig, Robert M. The Beginnings of Mesoamerican Civilization: Inter-Regional Interaction and the Olmec. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2010 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-521-11102-7. OCLC 402542556. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Adams 2005，第17頁. Adams, Richard E. W. Prehistoric Mesoamerica 3rd. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2005 [1977] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3702-5. OCLC 58975830. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Adams 2005，第18頁. Adams, Richard E. W. Prehistoric Mesoamerica 3rd. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2005 [1977] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3702-5. OCLC 58975830. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Adams 2005，第19頁. Adams, Richard E. W. Prehistoric Mesoamerica 3rd. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2005 [1977] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3702-5. OCLC 58975830. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Witschey & Brown 2012，第183–84頁. Witschey, Walter R. T.; Brown, Clifford T. Historical Dictionary of Mesoamerica. Plymouth, Devon, UK: Scarecrow Press. 2012 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8108-7167-0. OCLC 754105610. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Brittenham 2009，第140頁. Brittenham, Claudia. Francesco Pellizzi , 编. Style and substance, or why the Cacaxtla paintings were buried. Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology and the Harvard Art Museum). Spring–Autumn 2009,. 55/56 Absconding: 135–55 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-87365-854-6. ISSN 0277-1322. OCLC 601057415. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Berlo 1989，第30頁. Berlo, Janet Catherine. Early Writing in Central Mexico: In Tlilli, In Tlapalli before A.D. 1000. Richard A. Diehl; Janet Catherine Berlo (编). Mesoamerica after the Decline of Teotihuacan, A.D. 700–900. Washington, D.C., US: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University. 1989: 19–48 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-88402-175-9. OCLC 18557289. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Pugh & Cecil 2012，第315頁. Pugh, Timothy W.; Cecil, Leslie G. The contact period of central Petén, Guatemala in color. Social and Cultural Analysis, Department of. Faculty Publications. 2012,. Paper 6 [2020-07-05]. （原始内容存档于2015-06-27） （英语）.
- Popenoe de Hatch & Schieber de Lavarreda 2001，第991頁. Popenoe de Hatch, Marion; Schieber de Lavarreda, Christa. J.P. Laporte; A.C. Suasnávar; B. Arroyo , 编. Una revisión preliminar de la historia de Tak'alik Ab'aj, departamento de Retalhuleu (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 2001,. XIV (2000): 990–1005 [2009-02-01]. OCLC 49563126. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-12-11） （西班牙语）.
- Salisbury, Koumenalis & Moffett 2002. Salisbury, David; Koumenalis, Mimi; Moffett, Barbara. Newly revealed hieroglyphs tell story of superpower conflict in the Maya world (PDF). Exploration: The Online Research Journal of Vanderbilt University. 19 September 2002 [2015-05-20]. OCLC 50324967. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-11-02） （英语）.
- Becker 2004，第134頁. Becker, Marshall Joseph. Maya Heterarchy as Inferred from Classic-Period Plaza Plans. Ancient Mesoamerica. 2004, 15: 127–38 [2015-08-17]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536104151079. （原始内容存档于2016-03-06） （英语）.
- Masson & Peraza Lope 2014. Masson, Marilyn A.; Peraza Lope, Carlos. Militarism, Misery and Collapse. Marilyn A. Masson; Carlos Peraza Lope (编). Kukulcan's Realm: Urban Life at Ancient Mayapán. Boulder, Colorado, US: University Press of Colorado. 2014 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-1-60732-319-8. OCLC 892430422. （原始内容存档于2021-01-24） （英语）.
- del Águila Flores 2007，第38頁. del Águila Flores, Patricia. Zaculeu: Ciudad Postclásica en las Tierras Altas Mayas de Guatemala (PDF). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes. 2007 [2011-08-06]. OCLC 277021068. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-21） （西班牙语）.
- Jones 1998，第xix頁. Jones, Grant D. The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 1998 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8047-3522-3. （原始内容存档于2020-06-27） （英语）.
- Ros. Ros, Narin. Maya Museum Database. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies. [2015-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-08） （英语）. Full list from FAMSIarchived from the original（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） on 2015-06-08.
- WAYEB. WAYEB. Museums & Collections. European Association of Mayanists (WAYEB). [2015-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-11） （英语）.
- Oakley & Rubin 2012，第81頁. Oakley, Francis; Rubin, Benjamin B. Sacral Kingship and the Origins of Religious, Social, and Political Orders. Patrick McNamara; Wesley J. Wildman (编). Science and the World's Religions: Origins and Destinies 1. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger/ABC-CLIO. 2012: 69–90 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-313-38732-6. OCLC 768417915. （原始内容存档于2020-12-16） （英语）.
- Oakley & Rubin 2012，第82頁. Oakley, Francis; Rubin, Benjamin B. Sacral Kingship and the Origins of Religious, Social, and Political Orders. Patrick McNamara; Wesley J. Wildman (编). Science and the World's Religions: Origins and Destinies 1. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger/ABC-CLIO. 2012: 69–90 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-313-38732-6. OCLC 768417915. （原始内容存档于2020-12-16） （英语）.
- Chase & Chase 2012，第265頁. Chase, Arlen F.; Chase, Diane Z. Complex Societies in the Southern Maya Lowlands: Their Development and Florescence in the Archaeological Record. Deborah L. Nichols; Christopher A. Pool (编). The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology. New York: Oxford University Press. 2012: 255–67 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-19-539093-3. OCLC 761538187. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Chase & Chase 2012，第264頁. Chase, Arlen F.; Chase, Diane Z. Complex Societies in the Southern Maya Lowlands: Their Development and Florescence in the Archaeological Record. Deborah L. Nichols; Christopher A. Pool (编). The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology. New York: Oxford University Press. 2012: 255–67 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-19-539093-3. OCLC 761538187. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Witschey & Brown 2012，第321頁. Witschey, Walter R. T.; Brown, Clifford T. Historical Dictionary of Mesoamerica. Plymouth, Devon, UK: Scarecrow Press. 2012 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8108-7167-0. OCLC 754105610. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Kimbell Art Museum 2015. Kimbell Art Museum. Presentation of Captives to a Maya Ruler. Fort Worth, Texas: Kimbell Art Museum. 2015 [2015-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2015-03-07） （英语）.
- Marcus 2004a，第277頁. Marcus, Joyce. Maya Commoners: The Stereotype and the Reality (PDF). Jon C. Lohse; Fred Valdez Jr. (编). Ancient Maya Commoners. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2004a: 255–84 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-292-70571-5. OCLC 60745417. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05） –通过Project MUSE （英语）.
- Marcus 2004a，第255頁. Marcus, Joyce. Maya Commoners: The Stereotype and the Reality (PDF). Jon C. Lohse; Fred Valdez Jr. (编). Ancient Maya Commoners. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2004a: 255–84 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-292-70571-5. OCLC 60745417. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05） –通过Project MUSE （英语）.
- Demarest, Barrientos & Fahsen 2006，第832–33頁. Demarest, Arthur A.; Barrientos, Tomás; Fahsen, Federico. Laporte, J.P.; Arroyo, B.; Mejía, H. , 编. El apogeo y el Colapso del reinado de Cancuen: Resultados e interpretaciones del Proyecto Cancuen, 2004–2005 (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 2006,. XIX (2005): 826–37 [2020-07-05]. OCLC 71050804. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-23） （西班牙语）.
- Macri & Looper 2003，第5頁. Macri, Martha J.; Looper, Matthew George. The New Catalog of Maya Hieroglyphs. The civilization of the American Indian series. 1: The Classic period inscriptions. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2003 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3497-0. OCLC 773482216. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Kettunen & Helmke 2008，第10頁. Kettunen, Harri; Helmke, Christopher. Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs: Workshop handbook (PDF). Mesoweb articles. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2008 [2015-03-08]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-05-01） （英语）.
- Kettunen & Helmke 2008，第6頁. Kettunen, Harri; Helmke, Christopher. Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs: Workshop handbook (PDF). Mesoweb articles. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2008 [2015-03-08]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-05-01） （英语）.
- Tobin 2001. Tobin, Thomas J. The Construction of the Codex in Classic- and Postclassic-Period Maya Civilization. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Duquesne University. 2001 [2015-03-09]. （原始内容存档于2002-10-17） （英语）.
- Macri & Looper 2003，第11頁. Macri, Martha J.; Looper, Matthew George. The New Catalog of Maya Hieroglyphs. The civilization of the American Indian series. 1: The Classic period inscriptions. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2003 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3497-0. OCLC 773482216. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Kettunen & Helmke 2014，第9頁. Kettunen, Harri; Helmke, Christopher. Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs: Workshop handbook (PDF). Mesoweb articles 14th. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2014 [2015-03-08]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-05-01） （英语）.
- Kettunen & Helmke 2014，第24–25頁. Kettunen, Harri; Helmke, Christopher. Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs: Workshop handbook (PDF). Mesoweb articles 14th. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2014 [2015-03-08]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-05-01） （英语）.
- Kettunen & Helmke 2014，第16頁. Kettunen, Harri; Helmke, Christopher. Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs: Workshop handbook (PDF). Mesoweb articles 14th. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2014 [2015-03-08]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-05-01） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第293頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第291頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第292頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第294頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第294, 301頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Fisher 2014，第196頁. Fisher, Chelsea. The role of infield agriculture in Maya cities. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. December 2014, 36: 196–210 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0278-4165. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2014.10.001. （原始内容存档于2018-12-11） （英语）.
- Adams, Brown & Culbert 1981，第1460頁. Adams, R. E. W.; Brown, W. E.; Culbert, T. Patrick. Radar mapping, Archaeology, and Ancient Maya Land Use (PDF). Science. New Series. 25 September 1981, 213 (4515): 1457–63 [2015-03-12]. Bibcode:1981Sci...213.1457A. ISSN 1095-9203. OCLC 863047799. PMID 17780866. doi:10.1126/science.213.4515.1457. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-03-12） （英语）.
- Caso Barrera & Aliphat Fernández 2007，第49頁. Caso Barrera, Laura; Aliphat Fernández, Mario. J. P. Laporte; B. Arroyo; H. Mejía , 编. Relaciones de Verapaz y las Tierras Bajas Mayas Centrales en el siglo XVII (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 2007,. XX (2006): 48–58 [2014-06-26]. OCLC 173275417. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-10-17） （西班牙语）.
- SFU Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. SFU Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Featured Artifacts: Mayan Eccentric Flints. Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada: Simon Fraser University Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. [2015-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-02） （英语）.
- Williams 2010. Williams, Josh. Mississippian and Maya Eccentric Flints. Springfield, Missouri: Board of Governors, Missouri State University. 2010 [2012-12-29]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-02） （英语）.
- Reents-Budet et al. 2006，第1417–18頁. Reents-Budet, Dorie; Foias, Antonia E.; Bishop, Ronald L.; Blackman, M. James; Guenter, Stanley. J.P. Laporte; B. Arroyo; H. Mejía , 编. Interacciones políticas y el Sitio Ik' (Motul de San José): Datos de la cerámica (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 2006,. XX (2006): 1416–36 [2009-11-14]. OCLC 173275417. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-09-14） （西班牙语）.
- Abrams 1994，第60, 130頁. Abrams, Elliot M. How the Maya Built Their World: Energetics and Ancient Architecture. Austin, Texas, US: University of Texas Press. 1994 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-292-70461-9. OCLC 29564628. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Laporte & Fialko 1994，第336頁. Laporte, Juan Pedro; Fialko, Vilma. J.P. Laporte; H. Escobedo , 编. Mundo Perdido, Tikal: Los enunciados actuales (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 1994,. VII (1993): 335–48 [2012-02-26]. OCLC 33865804. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-09-15） （西班牙语）.
- Hansen 1998，第78頁. Hansen, Richard D. Continuity and Disjunction: The Pre-Classic Antecedents of Classic Maya Architecture (PDF). Stephen D. Houston (编). Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. 1998: 49–122 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-88402-254-1. OCLC 318200121. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-06-10） （英语）.
- Forsyth 1993，第113頁. Forsyth, Donald W. J. P. Laporte; H. Escobedo; S. Villagrán de Brady , 编. La arquitectura Preclásica en Nakbe: Un estudio comparativo de dos periodos. (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 1993,. VI (1992): 113–21 [2010-07-21]. OCLC 30671693. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-09-04） （西班牙语）.
- Szymanski 2013，第23–37頁. Szymanski, Jan. Between Death and Divinity. Rethinking the Significance of Triadic Groups in Ancient Maya Culture (PDF). PhD Dissertation. Warsaw, Poland: University of Warsaw. 2013 [2014-01-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-11-03） （英语）.
- Valdés 1994，第101頁. Valdés, Juan Antonio. J.P. Laporte; H. Escobedo; S. Villagrán , 编. El Grupo A de Uaxactun: Manifestaciones arquitectónicas y dinásticas durante el Clásico Temprano. (PDF). I Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1987. 1994: 98–111 [2010-07-21]. OCLC 31177419. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-11-03） （西班牙语）.
- Szymanski 2013. Szymanski, Jan. Between Death and Divinity. Rethinking the Significance of Triadic Groups in Ancient Maya Culture (PDF). PhD Dissertation. Warsaw, Poland: University of Warsaw. 2013 [2014-01-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-11-03） （英语）.
- Hansen 1991，第166頁. Hansen, Richard D. J.P. Laporte; S. Villagrán; H. Escobedo; D. de González; J. Valdés , 编. Resultados preliminares de las investigaciones arqueológicas en el sitio Nakbe, Petén, Guatemala (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 1991,. II (1988): 163–78 [2010-07-21]. OCLC 27267772. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-07） （西班牙语）.
- Szymanski 2013，第65頁. Szymanski, Jan. Between Death and Divinity. Rethinking the Significance of Triadic Groups in Ancient Maya Culture (PDF). PhD Dissertation. Warsaw, Poland: University of Warsaw. 2013 [2014-01-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-11-03） （英语）.
- Hansen 1998，第80頁. Hansen, Richard D. Continuity and Disjunction: The Pre-Classic Antecedents of Classic Maya Architecture (PDF). Stephen D. Houston (编). Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. 1998: 49–122 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-88402-254-1. OCLC 318200121. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-06-10） （英语）.
- Szymanski 2013，第35頁. Szymanski, Jan. Between Death and Divinity. Rethinking the Significance of Triadic Groups in Ancient Maya Culture (PDF). PhD Dissertation. Warsaw, Poland: University of Warsaw. 2013 [2014-01-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-11-03） （英语）.
- Tedlock 1992，第1頁. Tedlock, Barbara. Time and the Highland Maya Revised. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. 1992 [1982] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8263-1358-4. OCLC 45732799. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Milbrath 1999，第252–53頁. Milbrath, Susan. Stars, the Milky Way, Comets, and Meteors (PDF). Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 1999: 249–93 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-292-75225-2. OCLC 40848420. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04） –通过Project MUSE （英语）.
- Christenson 2007，第61n65, 228n646頁. Christenson, Allen J. Popul Vuh: Sacred Book of the Quiché Maya People (PDF). Mesoweb articles. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2007 [2003] [2010-01-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-10-24） （英语）.
- Christenson 2007，第52–53n20頁. Christenson, Allen J. Popul Vuh: Sacred Book of the Quiché Maya People (PDF). Mesoweb articles. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. 2007 [2003] [2010-01-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-10-24） （英语）.
worldcat.org
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第26頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Lovell 2005，第17頁. Lovell, W. George. Conquest and Survival in Colonial Guatemala: A Historical Geography of the Cuchumatán Highlands, 1500–1821 3rd. Montreal, Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press. 2005 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-7735-2741-6. OCLC 58051691. （原始内容存档于2020-07-22） （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第46–47頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Rice & Rice 2009，第5頁. Rice, Prudence M.; Rice, Don S. Introduction to the Kowoj and their Petén Neighbors. Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (编). The Kowoj: identity, migration, and geopolitics in late postclassic Petén, Guatemala. Boulder, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. 2009: 3–15. ISBN 978-0-87081-930-8. OCLC 225875268 （英语）.
- Quezada 2011，第17頁. Quezada, Sergio. La colonización de los mayas peninsulares (PDF). Biblioteca Básica de Yucatán 18. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico: Secretaría de Educación del Gobierno del Estado de Yucatán. 2011 [2013-01-20]. ISBN 978-607-7824-27-5. OCLC 796677890. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-04） （西班牙语）.
- Lovell 2000，第400頁. Lovell, W. George. The Highland Maya. Richard E.W. Adams; Murdo J. Macleod (编). The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Vol. II: Mesoamerica, part 2. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2000: 392–444. ISBN 978-0-521-65204-9. OCLC 33359444 （英语）.
- Viqueira 2004，第21頁. Viqueira, Juan Pedro. Chiapas y sus regiones [Chiapas and its Regions]. Juan Pedro Viqueira; Mario Humberto Ruz (编). Chiapas: los rumbos de otra historia. Mexico City, Mexico: Centro de Investigaciones Filológicas with Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social (CIESAS). 2004: 19–40 [1995] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-968-36-4836-5. OCLC 36759921. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （西班牙语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第34–36頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第28頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Rosenwig 2010，第3頁. Rosenwig, Robert M. The Beginnings of Mesoamerican Civilization: Inter-Regional Interaction and the Olmec. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2010 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-521-11102-7. OCLC 402542556. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第28–29頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第28頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Adams 2005，第17頁. Adams, Richard E. W. Prehistoric Mesoamerica 3rd. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2005 [1977] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3702-5. OCLC 58975830. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Adams 2005，第18頁. Adams, Richard E. W. Prehistoric Mesoamerica 3rd. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2005 [1977] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3702-5. OCLC 58975830. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Adams 2005，第19頁. Adams, Richard E. W. Prehistoric Mesoamerica 3rd. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2005 [1977] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3702-5. OCLC 58975830. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Witschey & Brown 2012，第183–84頁. Witschey, Walter R. T.; Brown, Clifford T. Historical Dictionary of Mesoamerica. Plymouth, Devon, UK: Scarecrow Press. 2012 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8108-7167-0. OCLC 754105610. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第5頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第29頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Taube 2004，第273頁. Taube, Karl A. Tetitla and the Maya Presence at Teotihuacan. Geoffrey E. Braswell (编). The Maya and Teotihuacan : reinterpreting early classic interaction. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2004: 273–314 [2003]. ISBN 978-0-292-70587-6. OCLC 254181446 （英语）.
- Brittenham 2009，第140頁. Brittenham, Claudia. Francesco Pellizzi , 编. Style and substance, or why the Cacaxtla paintings were buried. Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology and the Harvard Art Museum). Spring–Autumn 2009,. 55/56 Absconding: 135–55 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-87365-854-6. ISSN 0277-1322. OCLC 601057415. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Berlo 1989，第30頁. Berlo, Janet Catherine. Early Writing in Central Mexico: In Tlilli, In Tlapalli before A.D. 1000. Richard A. Diehl; Janet Catherine Berlo (编). Mesoamerica after the Decline of Teotihuacan, A.D. 700–900. Washington, D.C., US: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University. 1989: 19–48 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-88402-175-9. OCLC 18557289. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Kristan-Graham & Kowalski 2007，第13–14頁. Kristan-Graham, Cynthia; Kowalski, Jeff Karl. Chichén Itzá, Tula, and Tollan: Changing Perspectives on a Recurring Problem in Mesoamerican Archaeology and Art History. Twin Tollans: Chichén Itzá, Tula, and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington, DC: Trustees for Harvard University. 2007: 13–84. ISBN 978-0-88402-323-4. OCLC 71243931 （英语）.
- Estrada-Belli 2011，第1, 3頁. Estrada-Belli, Francisco. The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period. Abingdon, UK and New York: Routledge. 2011. ISBN 978-0-415-42994-8. OCLC 614990197 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第98頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Estrada-Belli 2011，第38頁. Estrada-Belli, Francisco. The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period. Abingdon, UK and New York: Routledge. 2011. ISBN 978-0-415-42994-8. OCLC 614990197 （英语）.
- Estrada-Belli 2011，第1頁. Estrada-Belli, Francisco. The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period. Abingdon, UK and New York: Routledge. 2011. ISBN 978-0-415-42994-8. OCLC 614990197 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第17頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Estrada-Belli 2011，第3頁. Estrada-Belli, Francisco. The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period. Abingdon, UK and New York: Routledge. 2011. ISBN 978-0-415-42994-8. OCLC 614990197 （英语）.
- Masson 2012，第18238頁. Masson, Marilyn A. Maya collapse cycles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-11-06, 109 (45): 18237–38. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918237M. ISSN 1091-6490. JSTOR 41829886. PMC 3494883 . PMID 22992650. doi:10.1073/pnas.1213638109 （英语）.
- Estrada-Belli 2011，第28頁. Estrada-Belli, Francisco. The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period. Abingdon, UK and New York: Routledge. 2011. ISBN 978-0-415-42994-8. OCLC 614990197 （英语）.
- Drew 1999，第6頁. Drew, David. The Lost Chronicles of the Maya Kings. London, UK: Phoenix Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-7538-0989-1. OCLC 59565970 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第47頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Olmedo Vera 1997，第26頁. Olmedo Vera, Bertina. A. Arellano Hernández; et al , 编. The Mayas of the Classic Period. Mexico City, Mexico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (CONACULTA). 1997: 9–99. ISBN 978-970-18-3005-5. OCLC 42213077 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第214頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第276頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第182, 197頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1281–83頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Olmedo Vera 1997，第28頁. Olmedo Vera, Bertina. A. Arellano Hernández; et al , 编. The Mayas of the Classic Period. Mexico City, Mexico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (CONACULTA). 1997: 9–99. ISBN 978-970-18-3005-5. OCLC 42213077 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第25–26頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Love 2007，第293, 297頁. Love, Michael. Recent Research in the Southern Highlands and Pacific Coast of Mesoamerica. Journal of Archaeological Research. December 2007, 15 (4): 275–328. ISSN 1573-7756. doi:10.1007/s10814-007-9014-y （英语）.
- Popenoe de Hatch & Schieber de Lavarreda 2001，第991頁. Popenoe de Hatch, Marion; Schieber de Lavarreda, Christa. J.P. Laporte; A.C. Suasnávar; B. Arroyo , 编. Una revisión preliminar de la historia de Tak'alik Ab'aj, departamento de Retalhuleu (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 2001,. XIV (2000): 990–1005 [2009-02-01]. OCLC 49563126. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-12-11） （西班牙语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第236頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第275頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第8頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Schele & Mathews 1999，第179, 182–83頁. Schele, Linda; Mathews, Peter. The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1999. ISBN 978-0-684-85209-6. OCLC 41423034 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第81頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第21頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Masson 2012，第18237頁. Masson, Marilyn A. Maya collapse cycles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-11-06, 109 (45): 18237–38. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10918237M. ISSN 1091-6490. JSTOR 41829886. PMC 3494883 . PMID 22992650. doi:10.1073/pnas.1213638109 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第9頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第218頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Estrada-Belli 2011，第123–26頁. Estrada-Belli, Francisco. The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period. Abingdon, UK and New York: Routledge. 2011. ISBN 978-0-415-42994-8. OCLC 614990197 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第322頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第29頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第324頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Olmedo Vera 1997，第36頁. Olmedo Vera, Bertina. A. Arellano Hernández; et al , 编. The Mayas of the Classic Period. Mexico City, Mexico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (CONACULTA). 1997: 9–99. ISBN 978-970-18-3005-5. OCLC 42213077 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第133頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第224–26頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第383, 387頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第54–55頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Salisbury, Koumenalis & Moffett 2002. Salisbury, David; Koumenalis, Mimi; Moffett, Barbara. Newly revealed hieroglyphs tell story of superpower conflict in the Maya world (PDF). Exploration: The Online Research Journal of Vanderbilt University. 19 September 2002 [2015-05-20]. OCLC 50324967. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-11-02） （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第108頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第387頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第192–93頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第342頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第200, 203頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第203, 205頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第134–35頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Looper 2003，第76頁. Looper, Matthew G. Lightning Warrior: Maya Art and Kingship at Quirigua. Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-292-70556-2. OCLC 52208614 （英语）.
- Looper 1999，第81, 271頁. Looper, Matthew G. New Perspectives on the Late Classic Political History of Quirigua, Guatemala. Ancient Mesoamerica. 1999, 10 (2): 263–80. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 86542758. doi:10.1017/S0956536199101135 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第75頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第554頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第151–55頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Becker 2004，第134頁. Becker, Marshall Joseph. Maya Heterarchy as Inferred from Classic-Period Plaza Plans. Ancient Mesoamerica. 2004, 15: 127–38 [2015-08-17]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536104151079. （原始内容存档于2016-03-06） （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第246頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第248頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第226頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第60頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Sharer 2000，第490頁. Sharer, Robert J. The Maya Highlands and the Adjacent Pacific Coast. Richard E.W. Adams; Murdo J. Macleod (编). The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Vol. II: Mesoamerica, part 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2000: 449–99. ISBN 978-0-521-35165-2. OCLC 33359444 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第613, 616頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Foias 2014，第15頁. Foias, Antonia E. Ancient Maya Political Dynamics. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2014 [2013]. ISBN 978-0-8130-6089-7. OCLC 878111565 （英语）.
- Arroyo 2001，第38頁. Arroyo, Bárbara. Enrique Vela , 编. El Poslclásico Tardío en los Altos de Guatemala. Arqueología Mexicana. July–August 2001, IX (50): 38–43. ISSN 0188-8218. OCLC 40772247 （西班牙语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第618頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Foias 2014，第100–02頁. Foias, Antonia E. Ancient Maya Political Dynamics. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2014 [2013]. ISBN 978-0-8130-6089-7. OCLC 878111565 （英语）.
- Masson & Peraza Lope 2014. Masson, Marilyn A.; Peraza Lope, Carlos. Militarism, Misery and Collapse. Marilyn A. Masson; Carlos Peraza Lope (编). Kukulcan's Realm: Urban Life at Ancient Mayapán. Boulder, Colorado, US: University Press of Colorado. 2014 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-1-60732-319-8. OCLC 892430422. （原始内容存档于2021-01-24） （英语）.
- Andrews 1984，第589頁. Andrews, Anthony P. The Political Geography of the Sixteenth Century Yucatan Maya: Comments and Revisions. Journal of Anthropological Research. Winter 1984, 40 (4): 589–96. ISSN 0091-7710. JSTOR 3629799. OCLC 1787802 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第717頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Restall & Asselbergs 2007，第5頁. Restall, Matthew; Asselbergs, Florine. Invading Guatemala: Spanish, Nahua, and Maya Accounts of the Conquest Wars. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-271-02758-6. OCLC 165478850 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第759–60頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第763頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第764–65頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Recinos 1986，第68, 74頁. Recinos, Adrian. Pedro de Alvarado: Conquistador de México y Guatemala 2nd. Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala: CENALTEX Centro Nacional de Libros de Texto y Material Didáctico "José de Pineda Ibarra". 1986 [1952]. OCLC 243309954 （西班牙语）.
- Schele & Mathews 1999，第297頁. Schele, Linda; Mathews, Peter. The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1999. ISBN 978-0-684-85209-6. OCLC 41423034 （英语）.
- Guillemín 1965，第9頁. Guillemín, Jorge F. Iximché: Capital del Antiguo Reino Cakchiquel [Iximche: Capital of the Ancient Kaqchikel Kingdom]. Guatemala City, Guatemala: Tipografía Nacional de Guatemala. 1965. OCLC 1498320 （西班牙语）.
- Schele & Mathews 1999，第298頁. Schele, Linda; Mathews, Peter. The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1999. ISBN 978-0-684-85209-6. OCLC 41423034 （英语）.
- Recinos 1986，第110頁. Recinos, Adrian. Pedro de Alvarado: Conquistador de México y Guatemala 2nd. Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala: CENALTEX Centro Nacional de Libros de Texto y Material Didáctico "José de Pineda Ibarra". 1986 [1952]. OCLC 243309954 （西班牙语）.
- del Águila Flores 2007，第38頁. del Águila Flores, Patricia. Zaculeu: Ciudad Postclásica en las Tierras Altas Mayas de Guatemala (PDF). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes. 2007 [2011-08-06]. OCLC 277021068. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-21） （西班牙语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第766–72頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第772–73頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第9頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第10頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Zorich 2012，第29頁. Zorich, Zach. The Maya Sense of Time. Archaeology. Vol. 65 no. 6 (New York: Archaeological Institute of America). November–December 2012: 25–29. ISSN 0003-8113. JSTOR 41804605. OCLC 1481828 （英语）.
- Thompson 1932，第449頁. Thompson, J. Eric S. A Maya Calendar from the Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala. American Anthropologist. New Series. July–September 1932, 34 (3): 449–54. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 661903. OCLC 1479294. doi:10.1525/aa.1932.34.3.02a00090 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第11頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第31頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第32–33頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Koch 2013，第1, 105頁. Koch, Peter O. John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood: Pioneers of Mayan Archaeology. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. 2013. ISBN 978-0-7864-7107-2. OCLC 824359844 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第33–34頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第37–38頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第38頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第39頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第42頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第45頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第44頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第8頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第243頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第244頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第245頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第245–46頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第246頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Cioffi-Revilla & Landman 1999，第563頁. Cioffi-Revilla, Claudio; Landman, Todd. Evolution of Maya Polities in the Ancient Mesoamerican System. International Studies Quarterly. December 1999, 43 (4): 559–98. ISSN 1468-2478. JSTOR 3014022. OCLC 52067195. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00137 （英语）.
- Oakley & Rubin 2012，第81頁. Oakley, Francis; Rubin, Benjamin B. Sacral Kingship and the Origins of Religious, Social, and Political Orders. Patrick McNamara; Wesley J. Wildman (编). Science and the World's Religions: Origins and Destinies 1. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger/ABC-CLIO. 2012: 69–90 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-313-38732-6. OCLC 768417915. （原始内容存档于2020-12-16） （英语）.
- Oakley & Rubin 2012，第82頁. Oakley, Francis; Rubin, Benjamin B. Sacral Kingship and the Origins of Religious, Social, and Political Orders. Patrick McNamara; Wesley J. Wildman (编). Science and the World's Religions: Origins and Destinies 1. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger/ABC-CLIO. 2012: 69–90 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-313-38732-6. OCLC 768417915. （原始内容存档于2020-12-16） （英语）.
- Foias 2014，第162頁. Foias, Antonia E. Ancient Maya Political Dynamics. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2014 [2013]. ISBN 978-0-8130-6089-7. OCLC 878111565 （英语）.
- Foias 2014，第60頁. Foias, Antonia E. Ancient Maya Political Dynamics. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2014 [2013]. ISBN 978-0-8130-6089-7. OCLC 878111565 （英语）.
- Chase & Chase 2012，第265頁. Chase, Arlen F.; Chase, Diane Z. Complex Societies in the Southern Maya Lowlands: Their Development and Florescence in the Archaeological Record. Deborah L. Nichols; Christopher A. Pool (编). The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology. New York: Oxford University Press. 2012: 255–67 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-19-539093-3. OCLC 761538187. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Chase & Chase 2012，第264頁. Chase, Arlen F.; Chase, Diane Z. Complex Societies in the Southern Maya Lowlands: Their Development and Florescence in the Archaeological Record. Deborah L. Nichols; Christopher A. Pool (编). The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology. New York: Oxford University Press. 2012: 255–67 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-19-539093-3. OCLC 761538187. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Foias 2014，第64頁. Foias, Antonia E. Ancient Maya Political Dynamics. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2014 [2013]. ISBN 978-0-8130-6089-7. OCLC 878111565 （英语）.
- Foias 2014，第161頁. Foias, Antonia E. Ancient Maya Political Dynamics. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2014 [2013]. ISBN 978-0-8130-6089-7. OCLC 878111565 （英语）.
- Foias 2014，第167頁. Foias, Antonia E. Ancient Maya Political Dynamics. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2014 [2013]. ISBN 978-0-8130-6089-7. OCLC 878111565 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第121頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第121–22頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第122頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Gillespie 2000，第470, 473–74頁. Gillespie, Susan D. Rethinking Ancient Maya Social Organization: Replacing "Lineage" with "House". American Anthropologist. September 2000, 102 (3): 467–484. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 683405. OCLC 1479294 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第178頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Witschey & Brown 2012，第321頁. Witschey, Walter R. T.; Brown, Clifford T. Historical Dictionary of Mesoamerica. Plymouth, Devon, UK: Scarecrow Press. 2012 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8108-7167-0. OCLC 754105610. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第14頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Foias 2014，第224頁. Foias, Antonia E. Ancient Maya Political Dynamics. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2014 [2013]. ISBN 978-0-8130-6089-7. OCLC 878111565 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第142, 144頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第144頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- D'Arcy Harrison 2003，第114頁. D'Arcy Harrison, Peter. Palaces of the Royal Court at Tikal. Jessica Joyce Christie (编). Maya Palaces and Elite Residences: An interdisciplinary approach. Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2003: 98–119. ISBN 978-0-292-71244-7. OCLC 55889753 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第17頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第4–5頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第135頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第12頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第65–66頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- D'Arcy Harrison 2003，第114–15頁. D'Arcy Harrison, Peter. Palaces of the Royal Court at Tikal. Jessica Joyce Christie (编). Maya Palaces and Elite Residences: An interdisciplinary approach. Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2003: 98–119. ISBN 978-0-292-71244-7. OCLC 55889753 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第13–14頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第15頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第77頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Jackson 2013，第68頁. Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8061-4341-5. OCLC 813300656 （英语）.
- Foias 2014，第226頁. Foias, Antonia E. Ancient Maya Political Dynamics. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2014 [2013]. ISBN 978-0-8130-6089-7. OCLC 878111565 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第97頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Marcus 2004a，第277頁. Marcus, Joyce. Maya Commoners: The Stereotype and the Reality (PDF). Jon C. Lohse; Fred Valdez Jr. (编). Ancient Maya Commoners. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2004a: 255–84 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-292-70571-5. OCLC 60745417. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05） –通过Project MUSE （英语）.
- Masson & Peraza Lope 2004，第213頁. Masson, Marilyn A.; Peraza Lope, Carlos. Commoners in Postclassic Maya society: Social versus economic class constructs. Jon C. Lohse; Fred Valdez Jr. (编). Ancient Maya Commoners. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2004: 197–223. ISBN 978-0-292-70571-5. OCLC 803179517 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第144頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Marcus 2004a，第255頁. Marcus, Joyce. Maya Commoners: The Stereotype and the Reality (PDF). Jon C. Lohse; Fred Valdez Jr. (编). Ancient Maya Commoners. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2004a: 255–84 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-292-70571-5. OCLC 60745417. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05） –通过Project MUSE （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第274頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第132頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Estrada-Belli 2011，第112頁. Estrada-Belli, Francisco. The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period. Abingdon, UK and New York: Routledge. 2011. ISBN 978-0-415-42994-8. OCLC 614990197 （英语）.
- Houston, Robertson & Stuart 2000，第326頁. Houston, Stephen; Robertson, John; Stuart, David. The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions. Current Anthropology. June 2000, 41 (3): 321–56. ISSN 0011-3204. JSTOR 10.1086/300142. PMID 10768879. doi:10.1086/300142 （英语）.
- Houston, Robertson & Stuart 2000，第338頁. Houston, Stephen; Robertson, John; Stuart, David. The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions. Current Anthropology. June 2000, 41 (3): 321–56. ISSN 0011-3204. JSTOR 10.1086/300142. PMID 10768879. doi:10.1086/300142 （英语）.
- Bricker 2007，第143頁. Bricker, Victoria R. A Quarter-Century of Mayan Linguistics. Mexicon. December 2007, 29 (6): 138–47. ISSN 0720-5988. JSTOR 23759758. OCLC 5821915 （英语）.
- Demarest, Barrientos & Fahsen 2006，第832–33頁. Demarest, Arthur A.; Barrientos, Tomás; Fahsen, Federico. Laporte, J.P.; Arroyo, B.; Mejía, H. , 编. El apogeo y el Colapso del reinado de Cancuen: Resultados e interpretaciones del Proyecto Cancuen, 2004–2005 (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 2006,. XIX (2005): 826–37 [2020-07-05]. OCLC 71050804. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-23） （西班牙语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第125頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Macri & Looper 2003，第5頁. Macri, Martha J.; Looper, Matthew George. The New Catalog of Maya Hieroglyphs. The civilization of the American Indian series. 1: The Classic period inscriptions. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2003 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3497-0. OCLC 773482216. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Diehl 2004，第183頁. Diehl, Richard A. The Olmecs: America's First Civilization. Ancient peoples and places series. London, UK: Thames & Hudson. 2004. ISBN 978-0-500-02119-4. OCLC 56746987 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1282頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Love 2007，第293頁. Love, Michael. Recent Research in the Southern Highlands and Pacific Coast of Mesoamerica. Journal of Archaeological Research. December 2007, 15 (4): 275–328. ISSN 1573-7756. doi:10.1007/s10814-007-9014-y （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第225頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第120, 123頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller & Taube 1993，第131頁. Miller, Mary; Taube, Karl. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London, UK: Thames and Hudson. 1993. ISBN 978-0-500-05068-2. OCLC 901448866 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第120頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Coe 1994，第245–46頁. Coe, Michael D. Breaking the Maya Code. London, UK: Thames & Hudson. 1994 [1992]. ISBN 978-0-14-023481-7. OCLC 31288285 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第135–36頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第271–72頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Macri & Looper 2003，第11頁. Macri, Martha J.; Looper, Matthew George. The New Catalog of Maya Hieroglyphs. The civilization of the American Indian series. 1: The Classic period inscriptions. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 2003 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3497-0. OCLC 773482216. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第126頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第297頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第129頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第293頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第331頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第123頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Drew 1999，第322頁. Drew, David. The Lost Chronicles of the Maya Kings. London, UK: Phoenix Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-7538-0989-1. OCLC 59565970 （英语）.
- Drew 1999，第323頁. Drew, David. The Lost Chronicles of the Maya Kings. London, UK: Phoenix Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-7538-0989-1. OCLC 59565970 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第278頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第143頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第291頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第292頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Webster 2000，第66頁. Webster, David. The Not So Peaceful Civilization: A Review of Maya War. Journal of World Prehistory. March 2000, 14 (1): 65–119. ISSN 1573-7802. JSTOR 25801154. doi:10.1023/a:1007813518630 （英语）.
- Foias 2014，第167–68頁. Foias, Antonia E. Ancient Maya Political Dynamics. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2014 [2013]. ISBN 978-0-8130-6089-7. OCLC 878111565 （英语）.
- Foias 2014，第168頁. Foias, Antonia E. Ancient Maya Political Dynamics. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2014 [2013]. ISBN 978-0-8130-6089-7. OCLC 878111565 （英语）.
- Wise & McBride 2008，第32頁. Wise, Terence; McBride, Angus. The Conquistadores. Men-at-Arms 101. Oxford, UK and New York: Osprey Publishing. 2008 [1980]. ISBN 978-0-85045-357-7. OCLC 12782941 （英语）.
- Wise & McBride 2008，第34頁. Wise, Terence; McBride, Angus. The Conquistadores. Men-at-Arms 101. Oxford, UK and New York: Osprey Publishing. 2008 [1980]. ISBN 978-0-85045-357-7. OCLC 12782941 （英语）.
- Phillips 2007，第95頁. Phillips, Charles. The Complete Illustrated History of the Aztecs & Maya: The definitive chronicle of the ancient peoples of Central America & Mexico – including the Aztec, Maya, Olmec, Mixtec, Toltec & Zapotec. London, UK: Anness Publishing Ltd. 2007 [2006]. ISBN 978-1-84681-197-5. OCLC 642211652 （英语）.
- Phillips 2007，第94頁. Phillips, Charles. The Complete Illustrated History of the Aztecs & Maya: The definitive chronicle of the ancient peoples of Central America & Mexico – including the Aztec, Maya, Olmec, Mixtec, Toltec & Zapotec. London, UK: Anness Publishing Ltd. 2007 [2006]. ISBN 978-1-84681-197-5. OCLC 642211652 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第146頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第146–47頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第294頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Aoyama 2005，第294, 301頁. Aoyama, Kazuo. Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica. July 2005, 16 (2): 291–304 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 43698811. doi:10.1017/S0956536105050248. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22） （英语）.
- Rice et al. 2009，第129頁. Rice, Prudence M.; Rice, Don S.; Pugh, Timothy W.; Sánchez Polo, Rómulo. Defensive Architecture and the Context of Warfare at Zacpetén. Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (编). The Kowoj: identity, migration, and geopolitics in late postclassic Petén, Guatemala. Boulder, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. 2009: 123–140. ISBN 978-0-87081-930-8. OCLC 225875268 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第145頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Fisher 2014，第196頁. Fisher, Chelsea. The role of infield agriculture in Maya cities. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. December 2014, 36: 196–210 [2020-07-05]. ISSN 0278-4165. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2014.10.001. （原始内容存档于2018-12-11） （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第81–82頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第130–38頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Ross 2011，第75頁. Ross, Nanci J. Modern tree species composition reflects ancient Maya 'forest gardens' in northwest Belize. Ecological Applications. January 2011, 21 (1): 75–84. ISSN 1051-0761. JSTOR 29779638. PMID 21516889. doi:10.1890/09-0662.1 （英语）.
- Adams, Brown & Culbert 1981，第1460頁. Adams, R. E. W.; Brown, W. E.; Culbert, T. Patrick. Radar mapping, Archaeology, and Ancient Maya Land Use (PDF). Science. New Series. 25 September 1981, 213 (4515): 1457–63 [2015-03-12]. Bibcode:1981Sci...213.1457A. ISSN 1095-9203. OCLC 863047799. PMID 17780866. doi:10.1126/science.213.4515.1457. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-03-12） （英语）.
- Colunga-García Marín & Zizumbo-Villarreal 2004，第S102–S103頁. Colunga-García Marín, Patricia; Zizumbo-Villarreal, Daniel. Domestication of Plants in Maya Lowlands. Economic Botany. Winter 2004,. 58, Supplement: S101–S110. ISSN 0013-0001. JSTOR 4256911. doi:10.1663/0013-0001(2004)58[s101:dopiml]2.0.co;2 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第310頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第310–11頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第311–312頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第312頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第319頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foias 2014，第18頁. Foias, Antonia E. Ancient Maya Political Dynamics. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2014 [2013]. ISBN 978-0-8130-6089-7. OCLC 878111565 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第322頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第660頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Caso Barrera & Aliphat Fernández 2006，第31, 36頁. Caso Barrera, Laura; Aliphat Fernández, Mario. Cacao, vanilla and annatto: three production and exchange systems in the Southern Maya lowlands, XVI–XVII centuries. Journal of Latin American Geography. 2006, 5 (2): 29–52. ISSN 1545-2476. JSTOR 25765138. OCLC 356573308. doi:10.1353/lag.2006.0015 （英语）.
- Caso Barrera & Aliphat Fernández 2007，第49頁. Caso Barrera, Laura; Aliphat Fernández, Mario. J. P. Laporte; B. Arroyo; H. Mejía , 编. Relaciones de Verapaz y las Tierras Bajas Mayas Centrales en el siglo XVII (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 2007,. XX (2006): 48–58 [2014-06-26]. OCLC 173275417. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-10-17） （西班牙语）.
- Foster 2002，第320頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第319–20頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第323頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第324頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第325頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foias 2014，第14頁. Foias, Antonia E. Ancient Maya Political Dynamics. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 2014 [2013]. ISBN 978-0-8130-6089-7. OCLC 878111565 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第659頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第658頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第10頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第11頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第105頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第73–75頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第75頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第78頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第78–80頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第9, 80頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第80–81頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第340頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第84頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Estrada-Belli 2011，第44, 103–04頁. Estrada-Belli, Francisco. The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period. Abingdon, UK and New York: Routledge. 2011. ISBN 978-0-415-42994-8. OCLC 614990197 （英语）.
- Stuart & Stuart 2008，第201頁. Stuart, David; Stuart, George. Palenque: Eternal City of the Maya. London, UK: Thames & Hudson. 2008. ISBN 978-0-500-05156-6. OCLC 227016561 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第131頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第92頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第36頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Saturno, Stuart & Beltrán 2006，第1281–82頁. Saturno, William A.; Stuart, David; Beltrán, Boris. Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala. Science. New Series. 2006-03-03, 311 (5765): 1281–83. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1281S. ISSN 1095-9203. JSTOR 3845835. OCLC 863047799. PMID 16400112. doi:10.1126/science.1121745 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第84–85頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第83頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第45頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第228頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第86–87頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第87頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第86頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第378頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Reents-Budet et al. 2006，第1417–18頁. Reents-Budet, Dorie; Foias, Antonia E.; Bishop, Ronald L.; Blackman, M. James; Guenter, Stanley. J.P. Laporte; B. Arroyo; H. Mejía , 编. Interacciones políticas y el Sitio Ik' (Motul de San José): Datos de la cerámica (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 2006,. XX (2006): 1416–36 [2009-11-14]. OCLC 173275417. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-09-14） （西班牙语）.
- Miller 1999，第77頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第76頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Hutson 2011，第403頁. Hutson, Scott R. The Art of Becoming: The Graffiti of Tikal, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity. December 2011, 22 (4): 403–26. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 23072567. doi:10.7183/1045-6635.22.4.403 （英语）.
- Hutson 2011，第405–06頁. Hutson, Scott R. The Art of Becoming: The Graffiti of Tikal, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity. December 2011, 22 (4): 403–26. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 23072567. doi:10.7183/1045-6635.22.4.403 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第216頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第215頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Abrams 1994，第60, 130頁. Abrams, Elliot M. How the Maya Built Their World: Energetics and Ancient Architecture. Austin, Texas, US: University of Texas Press. 1994 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-292-70461-9. OCLC 29564628. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第216–17頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Olmedo Vera 1997，第34頁. Olmedo Vera, Bertina. A. Arellano Hernández; et al , 编. The Mayas of the Classic Period. Mexico City, Mexico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (CONACULTA). 1997: 9–99. ISBN 978-970-18-3005-5. OCLC 42213077 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第25頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Schele & Mathews 1999，第23頁. Schele, Linda; Mathews, Peter. The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1999. ISBN 978-0-684-85209-6. OCLC 41423034 （英语）.
- Schele & Mathews 1999，第24頁. Schele, Linda; Mathews, Peter. The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1999. ISBN 978-0-684-85209-6. OCLC 41423034 （英语）.
- Olmedo Vera 1997，第35頁. Olmedo Vera, Bertina. A. Arellano Hernández; et al , 编. The Mayas of the Classic Period. Mexico City, Mexico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (CONACULTA). 1997: 9–99. ISBN 978-970-18-3005-5. OCLC 42213077 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第38頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Hohmann-Vogrin 2011，第195頁. Hohmann-Vogrin. Unidad de espacio y tiempo: la arquitectura Maya. Nikolai Grube (编). Los Mayas: Una Civilización Milenaria (hardback). Potsdam, Germany: Tandem Verlag. 2011: 194–215 [2006]. ISBN 978-3-8331-6293-0. OCLC 828120761 （西班牙语）.
- Foster 2002，第238頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第239頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第238–39頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Fuente, Staines Cicero & Arellano Hernández 1999，第142頁. Fuente, Beatriz de la; Staines Cicero, Leticia & Arellano Hernández, Alfonso. Art: Sentries of Eternity. A. Arellano Hernández; et al (编). The Mayas of the Classic Period. Mexico City, Mexico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (CONACULTA). 1999: 141–226. ISBN 978-970-18-3005-5. OCLC 42213077 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第546頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Christie 2003，第315–16頁. Christie, Jessica Joyce. Conclusions. Jessica Joyce Christie (编). Maya Palaces and Elite Residences: An interdisciplinary approach. Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2003: 315–36. ISBN 978-0-292-71244-7. OCLC 55889753 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第232頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Christie 2003，第316頁. Christie, Jessica Joyce. Conclusions. Jessica Joyce Christie (编). Maya Palaces and Elite Residences: An interdisciplinary approach. Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2003: 315–36. ISBN 978-0-292-71244-7. OCLC 55889753 （英语）.
- Christie 2003，第315頁. Christie, Jessica Joyce. Conclusions. Jessica Joyce Christie (编). Maya Palaces and Elite Residences: An interdisciplinary approach. Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 2003: 315–36. ISBN 978-0-292-71244-7. OCLC 55889753 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第395, 397頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第231頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Miller 1999，第32頁. Miller, Mary. Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-20327-9. OCLC 41659173 （英语）.
- Colas & Voß 2011，第186頁. Colas, Pierre R.; Voß, Alexander. Un juego de vida o muerte: El juego de pelota maya. Nikolai Grube (编). Los Mayas: Una Civilización Milenaria (hardback). Potsdam, Germany: Tandem Verlag. 2011: 186–91 [2006]. ISBN 978-3-8331-6293-0. OCLC 828120761 （西班牙语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第207頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第233頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Colas & Voß 2011，第189頁. Colas, Pierre R.; Voß, Alexander. Un juego de vida o muerte: El juego de pelota maya. Nikolai Grube (编). Los Mayas: Una Civilización Milenaria (hardback). Potsdam, Germany: Tandem Verlag. 2011: 186–91 [2006]. ISBN 978-3-8331-6293-0. OCLC 828120761 （西班牙语）.
- Taladoire & Colsenet 1991，第165頁. Taladoire, Eric; Colsenet, Benoit. "Bois Ton Sang, Beaumanoir": The Political and Conflictual Aspects of the Ballgame in the Northern Chiapas Area. Vernon Scarborough; David R. Wilcox (编). The Mesoamerican Ballgame. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. 1991: 161–74. ISBN 978-0-8165-1360-4. OCLC 51873028 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第175頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第235頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第201頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Doyle 2012，第358頁. Doyle, James A. Regroup on "E-Groups": Monumentality and Early Centers in the Middle Preclassic Maya Lowlands. Latin American Antiquity. December 2012, 23 (4): 355–79. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 23645603. OCLC 54395676. doi:10.7183/1045-6635.23.4.355 （英语）.
- Drew 1999，第186頁. Drew, David. The Lost Chronicles of the Maya Kings. London, UK: Phoenix Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-7538-0989-1. OCLC 59565970 （英语）.
- Laporte & Fialko 1994，第336頁. Laporte, Juan Pedro; Fialko, Vilma. J.P. Laporte; H. Escobedo , 编. Mundo Perdido, Tikal: Los enunciados actuales (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 1994,. VII (1993): 335–48 [2012-02-26]. OCLC 33865804. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-09-15） （西班牙语）.
- Foster 2002，第235–36頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Coe 1999，第77頁. Coe, Michael D. The Maya Sixth. New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 978-0-500-28066-9. OCLC 40771862 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第253頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Hansen 1998，第78頁. Hansen, Richard D. Continuity and Disjunction: The Pre-Classic Antecedents of Classic Maya Architecture (PDF). Stephen D. Houston (编). Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. 1998: 49–122 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-88402-254-1. OCLC 318200121. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-06-10） （英语）.
- Forsyth 1993，第113頁. Forsyth, Donald W. J. P. Laporte; H. Escobedo; S. Villagrán de Brady , 编. La arquitectura Preclásica en Nakbe: Un estudio comparativo de dos periodos. (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 1993,. VI (1992): 113–21 [2010-07-21]. OCLC 30671693. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-09-04） （西班牙语）.
- Valdés 1994，第101頁. Valdés, Juan Antonio. J.P. Laporte; H. Escobedo; S. Villagrán , 编. El Grupo A de Uaxactun: Manifestaciones arquitectónicas y dinásticas durante el Clásico Temprano. (PDF). I Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1987. 1994: 98–111 [2010-07-21]. OCLC 31177419. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-11-03） （西班牙语）.
- Hansen 1991，第166頁. Hansen, Richard D. J.P. Laporte; S. Villagrán; H. Escobedo; D. de González; J. Valdés , 编. Resultados preliminares de las investigaciones arqueológicas en el sitio Nakbe, Petén, Guatemala (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. 1991,. II (1988): 163–78 [2010-07-21]. OCLC 27267772. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-07） （西班牙语）.
- Hansen 1998，第80頁. Hansen, Richard D. Continuity and Disjunction: The Pre-Classic Antecedents of Classic Maya Architecture (PDF). Stephen D. Houston (编). Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. 1998: 49–122 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-88402-254-1. OCLC 318200121. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-06-10） （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第223頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第224頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Fuente, Staines Cicero & Arellano Hernández 1999，第144–45頁. Fuente, Beatriz de la; Staines Cicero, Leticia & Arellano Hernández, Alfonso. Art: Sentries of Eternity. A. Arellano Hernández; et al (编). The Mayas of the Classic Period. Mexico City, Mexico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (CONACULTA). 1999: 141–226. ISBN 978-970-18-3005-5. OCLC 42213077 （英语）.
- Fuente, Staines Cicero & Arellano Hernández 1999，第146頁. Fuente, Beatriz de la; Staines Cicero, Leticia & Arellano Hernández, Alfonso. Art: Sentries of Eternity. A. Arellano Hernández; et al (编). The Mayas of the Classic Period. Mexico City, Mexico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (CONACULTA). 1999: 141–226. ISBN 978-970-18-3005-5. OCLC 42213077 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第224–25頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第225頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第226頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Fuente, Staines Cicero & Arellano Hernández 1999，第150頁. Fuente, Beatriz de la; Staines Cicero, Leticia & Arellano Hernández, Alfonso. Art: Sentries of Eternity. A. Arellano Hernández; et al (编). The Mayas of the Classic Period. Mexico City, Mexico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (CONACULTA). 1999: 141–226. ISBN 978-970-18-3005-5. OCLC 42213077 （英语）.
- Fuente, Staines Cicero & Arellano Hernández 1999，第149頁. Fuente, Beatriz de la; Staines Cicero, Leticia & Arellano Hernández, Alfonso. Art: Sentries of Eternity. A. Arellano Hernández; et al (编). The Mayas of the Classic Period. Mexico City, Mexico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (CONACULTA). 1999: 141–226. ISBN 978-970-18-3005-5. OCLC 42213077 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第249頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Blume 2011，第53頁. Blume, Anna. Maya Concepts of Zero. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. March 2011, 155 (1): 51–88. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 23056849. OCLC 1480553 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第101頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Justeson 2010，第46頁. Justeson, John. Numerical cognition and the development of 'zero' in Mesoamerica. The Archaeology of Measurement: Comprehending Heaven, Earth and Time in Ancient Societies. New York, US: Cambridge University Press. 2010: 43–53. ISBN 978-0-521-11990-0. OCLC 501396677 （英语）.
- Justeson 2010，第49頁. Justeson, John. Numerical cognition and the development of 'zero' in Mesoamerica. The Archaeology of Measurement: Comprehending Heaven, Earth and Time in Ancient Societies. New York, US: Cambridge University Press. 2010: 43–53. ISBN 978-0-521-11990-0. OCLC 501396677 （英语）.
- Justeson 2010，第50頁. Justeson, John. Numerical cognition and the development of 'zero' in Mesoamerica. The Archaeology of Measurement: Comprehending Heaven, Earth and Time in Ancient Societies. New York, US: Cambridge University Press. 2010: 43–53. ISBN 978-0-521-11990-0. OCLC 501396677 （英语）.
- Justeson 2010，第52頁. Justeson, John. Numerical cognition and the development of 'zero' in Mesoamerica. The Archaeology of Measurement: Comprehending Heaven, Earth and Time in Ancient Societies. New York, US: Cambridge University Press. 2010: 43–53. ISBN 978-0-521-11990-0. OCLC 501396677 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第248頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第250頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第251頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第252頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第253頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第104頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Tedlock 1992，第1頁. Tedlock, Barbara. Time and the Highland Maya Revised. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. 1992 [1982] [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-8263-1358-4. OCLC 45732799. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23） （英语）.
- Miles 1952，第273頁. Miles, Susanna W. An Analysis of the Modern Middle American Calendars: A Study in Conservation. Sol Tax (编). Acculturation in the Americas. Proceedings and selected papers of the International Congress of Americanists. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. 1952: 273–84. OCLC 180504894 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第107頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第102頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第110頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第114頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Martin & Grube 2000，第13頁. Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London, UK and New York, US: Thames & Hudson. 2000. ISBN 978-0-500-05103-0. OCLC 47358325 （英语）.
- Thompson 1974，第88頁. Thompson, J. Eric S. Maya Astronomy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 2 May 1974, 276 (1257, The Place of Astronomy in the Ancient World): 83–98. Bibcode:1974RSPTA.276...83T. ISSN 0261-0523. JSTOR 74276. doi:10.1098/rsta.1974.0011 （英语）.
- Milbrath 1999，第252–53頁. Milbrath, Susan. Stars, the Milky Way, Comets, and Meteors (PDF). Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 1999: 249–93 [2020-07-05]. ISBN 978-0-292-75225-2. OCLC 40848420. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04） –通过Project MUSE （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第192頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第261頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第193頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第260頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Foster 2002，第262頁. Foster, Lynn. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-518363-4. OCLC 57319740 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第91頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第176頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第93頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Emboden 1979，第50–52頁. Emboden, William A. Nymphaea ampla and other Narcotics in Maya Ritual and Shamanism. Mexicon. 1979-01-01, 1 (4): 50–52. ISSN 0720-5988. JSTOR 23757393. OCLC 5821915 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第179頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第92頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第722頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第91–92頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Fox 2008，第60, 249頁. Fox, John W. Maya Postclassic state formation. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press. 2008 [1987]. ISBN 978-0-521-10195-0. OCLC 297146853 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第177頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第177, 179頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第181頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第182頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第182–83頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Demarest 2004，第181–83頁. Demarest, Arthur. Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Forest Civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53390-4. OCLC 51438896 （英语）.
- Miller & Taube 1993，第134頁. Miller, Mary; Taube, Karl. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London, UK: Thames and Hudson. 1993. ISBN 978-0-500-05068-2. OCLC 901448866 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第729頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller & Taube 1993，第170頁. Miller, Mary; Taube, Karl. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London, UK: Thames and Hudson. 1993. ISBN 978-0-500-05068-2. OCLC 901448866 （英语）.
- Carmack 2001，第275, 369頁. Carmack, Robert M. Kik'ulmatajem le K'iche'aab': Evolución del Reino K'iche'. Guatemala City, Guatemala: Cholsamaj. 2001. ISBN 978-99922-56-22-0. OCLC 253481949 （西班牙语）.
- Miller & Taube 1993，第150頁. Miller, Mary; Taube, Karl. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London, UK: Thames and Hudson. 1993. ISBN 978-0-500-05068-2. OCLC 901448866 （英语）.
- Miller & Taube 1993，第142頁. Miller, Mary; Taube, Karl. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London, UK: Thames and Hudson. 1993. ISBN 978-0-500-05068-2. OCLC 901448866 （英语）.
- Freidel, Schele & Parker 1993，第289, 325, 441n26頁. Freidel, David A.; Schele, Linda; Parker, Joy. Maya Cosmos: Three Thousand Years on the Shaman's Path. New York: William Morrow & Co. 1993. ISBN 978-0-688-10081-0. OCLC 27430287 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第582–83頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Fox 2008，第60, 121, 220頁. Fox, John W. Maya Postclassic state formation. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press. 2008 [1987]. ISBN 978-0-521-10195-0. OCLC 297146853 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第751頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
- Miller & Taube 1993，第96頁. Miller, Mary; Taube, Karl. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London, UK: Thames and Hudson. 1993. ISBN 978-0-500-05068-2. OCLC 901448866 （英语）.
- Gillespie 1991，第322–23頁. Gillespie, Susan D. Ballgames and Boundaries. Vernon Scarborough; David R. Wilcox (编). The Mesoamerican Ballgame. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. 1991: 317–45. ISBN 978-0-8165-1360-4. OCLC 51873028 （英语）.
- Tiesler & Cucina 2006，第493頁. Tiesler, Vera; Cucina, Andrea. Procedures in Human Heart Extraction and Ritual Meaning: A Taphonomic Assessment of Anthropogenic Marks in Classic Maya Skeletons. Latin American Antiquity. December 2006, 17 (4): 493–510. ISSN 2325-5080. JSTOR 25063069. doi:10.2307/25063069 （英语）.
- Sharer & Traxler 2006，第752頁. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. The Ancient Maya 6th, fully revised. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446 （英语）.
yucatan.gob.mx
bibliotecabasica.yucatan.gob.mx
- Quezada 2011，第17頁. Quezada, Sergio. La colonización de los mayas peninsulares (PDF). Biblioteca Básica de Yucatán 18. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico: Secretaría de Educación del Gobierno del Estado de Yucatán. 2011 [2013-01-20]. ISBN 978-607-7824-27-5. OCLC 796677890. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-04） （西班牙语）.