生命 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "生命" in Chinese language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Chinese rank

21web.archive.org

1^st place

13doi.org

2^nd place

23^rd place

11nih.gov

4^th place

5^th place

5harvard.edu

18^th place

57^th place

2sciencemag.org

857^th place

506^th place

2books.google.com

3^rd place

8^th place

2astrobio.net

low place

6,248^th place

2reuters.com

49^th place

81^st place

1whiterose.ac.uk

4,124^th place

low place

1nytimes.com

7^th place

31^st place

1bbc.co.uk

8^th place

32^nd place

1wisc.edu

1,045^th place

1,064^th place

1santafe.edu

low place

1nature.com

234^th place

227^th place

1excite.com

low place

6,262^nd place

1liebertpub.com

low place

6,142^nd place

1newscientist.com

774^th place

706^th place

1nbi.dk

low place

1hypography.com

low place

1pnas.org

1,293^rd place

763^rd place

1cambridge.org

305^th place

511^th place

1berkeley.edu

580^th place

642^nd place

1scribd.com

482^nd place

931^st place

1royalsoc.ac.uk

low place

astrobio.net

Tenenbaum, David. When Did Life on Earth Begin? Ask a Rock. Astrobiology Magazine. October 14, 2002 [April 13, 2014]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-20）.
存档副本. [2008-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-13）.

bbc.co.uk

Ghosh, Pallab. Earliest evidence of life on Earth 'found. BBC News. 1 March 2017 [2 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 March 2017）.

berkeley.edu

ucmp.berkeley.edu

存档副本. [2007-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-03）.

books.google.com

Hamilton Raven, Peter; Brooks Johnson, George. Biology. McGraw-Hill Education. 2002: 68 [2013-07-07]. ISBN 978-0-07-112261-0. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）.
Kaufmann, Stuart. Barrow, John D.; Davies, P. C. W.; Harper Jr., C. L. , 编. Autonomous agents. Science and Ultimate Reality: Quantum Theory, Cosmology, and Complexity (Cambridge University Press). 2004: 654–666 [2012-11-26]. ISBN 052183113X. （原始内容存档于2021-04-14）.

cambridge.org

journals.cambridge.org

Cavalier-Smith, T. A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biological Reviews. 1998, 73 (03): 203–66. PMID 9809012. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x.

doi.org

Koshland, Jr., Daniel E. The Seven Pillars of Life. Science. March 22, 2002, 295 (5563): 2215–2216 [2009-05-25]. PMID 11910092. doi:10.1126/science.1068489. （原始内容存档于2009-02-28）.
Koshland, Jr., Daniel E. The Seven Pillars of Life. Science. March 22, 2002, 295 (5563): 2215–2216 [2009-05-25]. PMID 11910092. doi:10.1126/science.1068489. （原始内容存档于2009-02-28）.
Dodd, Matthew S.; Papineau, Dominic; Grenne, Tor; Slack, John F.; Rittner, Martin; Pirajno, Franco; O'Neil, Jonathan; Little, Crispin T.S. Evidence for early life in Earth's oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates. Nature. 1 March 2017, 543 (7643): 60–64 [2 March 2017]. Bibcode:2017Natur.543...60D. PMID 28252057. doi:10.1038/nature21377 . （原始内容存档于8 September 2017）.
Schopf, J. William; Kitajima, Kouki; Spicuzza, Michael J.; Kudryavtsev, Anatolly B.; Valley, John W. SIMS analyses of the oldest known assemblage of microfossils document their taxon-correlated carbon isotope compositions. PNAS. 2018, 115 (1): 53–58. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115...53S. PMC 5776830 . PMID 29255053. doi:10.1073/pnas.1718063115.
- Copley, Shelley D.; Smith, Eric; Morowitz, Harold J. The origin of the RNA world: Co-evolution of genes and metabolism (PDF). Bioorganic Chemistry. December 2007, 35 (6): 430–443 [2015-06-08]. PMID 17897696. doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2007.08.001. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于5 September 2013）. The proposal that life on Earth arose from an RNA world is widely accepted.
- Robertson, Michael P.; Joyce, Gerald F. The origins of the RNA world. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. May 2012, 4 (5): a003608. PMC 3331698 . PMID 20739415. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a003608.
- Cech, Thomas R. The RNA Worlds in Context. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. July 2012, 4 (7): a006742. PMC 3385955 . PMID 21441585. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006742.
- Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; Nagase, Toshiro; Rosing, Minik T. Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks. Nature Geoscience. 8 December 2013 [2014-11-30]. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025. （原始内容存档于2019-12-11）.
- Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Astrobiology (journal). 8 November 2013, 13 (12): 1103–24 [2014-11-30]. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13.1103N. PMC 3870916 . PMID 24205812. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. （原始内容存档于2017-03-12）.
- Copeland, H. The kingdoms of organisms. Quarterly Review of Biology. 1938, 13: 383–420. doi:10.1086/394568.
- Whittaker, R. H. New concepts of kingdoms of organisms. Science. January 1969, 163 (3863): 150–60. Bibcode:1969Sci...163..150W. PMID 5762760. doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150.
- Woese, C.; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1990, 87 (12): 4576–9. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4576W. PMC 54159 . PMID 2112744. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576.
- Cavalier-Smith, T. A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biological Reviews. 1998, 73 (03): 203–66. PMID 9809012. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x.

excite.com

apnews.excite.com

Borenstein, Seth. Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom. AP News. 13 November 2013 [2014-11-30]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-16）.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Dodd, Matthew S.; Papineau, Dominic; Grenne, Tor; Slack, John F.; Rittner, Martin; Pirajno, Franco; O'Neil, Jonathan; Little, Crispin T.S. Evidence for early life in Earth's oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates. Nature. 1 March 2017, 543 (7643): 60–64 [2 March 2017]. Bibcode:2017Natur.543...60D. PMID 28252057. doi:10.1038/nature21377 . （原始内容存档于8 September 2017）.
Schopf, J. William; Kitajima, Kouki; Spicuzza, Michael J.; Kudryavtsev, Anatolly B.; Valley, John W. SIMS analyses of the oldest known assemblage of microfossils document their taxon-correlated carbon isotope compositions. PNAS. 2018, 115 (1): 53–58. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115...53S. PMC 5776830 . PMID 29255053. doi:10.1073/pnas.1718063115.
Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Astrobiology (journal). 8 November 2013, 13 (12): 1103–24 [2014-11-30]. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13.1103N. PMC 3870916 . PMID 24205812. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. （原始内容存档于2017-03-12）.
Whittaker, R. H. New concepts of kingdoms of organisms. Science. January 1969, 163 (3863): 150–60. Bibcode:1969Sci...163..150W. PMID 5762760. doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150.
Woese, C.; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1990, 87 (12): 4576–9. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4576W. PMC 54159 . PMID 2112744. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576.

hypography.com

forums.hypography.com

http://forums.hypography.com/biology/6702-what-exactly-constitutes-life.html （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）　實際上是甚麼構成生命？

liebertpub.com

online.liebertpub.com

Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Astrobiology (journal). 8 November 2013, 13 (12): 1103–24 [2014-11-30]. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13.1103N. PMC 3870916 . PMID 24205812. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. （原始内容存档于2017-03-12）.

nature.com

Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; Nagase, Toshiro; Rosing, Minik T. Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks. Nature Geoscience. 8 December 2013 [2014-11-30]. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025. （原始内容存档于2019-12-11）.

nbi.dk

存档副本. [2007-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-14）.

newscientist.com

Courtland, Rachel. Did newborn Earth harbour life?. New Scientist. July 2, 2008 [April 13, 2014]. （原始内容存档于2015-06-30）.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Koshland, Jr., Daniel E. The Seven Pillars of Life. Science. March 22, 2002, 295 (5563): 2215–2216 [2009-05-25]. PMID 11910092. doi:10.1126/science.1068489. （原始内容存档于2009-02-28）.
Koshland, Jr., Daniel E. The Seven Pillars of Life. Science. March 22, 2002, 295 (5563): 2215–2216 [2009-05-25]. PMID 11910092. doi:10.1126/science.1068489. （原始内容存档于2009-02-28）.
Dodd, Matthew S.; Papineau, Dominic; Grenne, Tor; Slack, John F.; Rittner, Martin; Pirajno, Franco; O'Neil, Jonathan; Little, Crispin T.S. Evidence for early life in Earth's oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates. Nature. 1 March 2017, 543 (7643): 60–64 [2 March 2017]. Bibcode:2017Natur.543...60D. PMID 28252057. doi:10.1038/nature21377 . （原始内容存档于8 September 2017）.
Schopf, J. William; Kitajima, Kouki; Spicuzza, Michael J.; Kudryavtsev, Anatolly B.; Valley, John W. SIMS analyses of the oldest known assemblage of microfossils document their taxon-correlated carbon isotope compositions. PNAS. 2018, 115 (1): 53–58. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115...53S. PMC 5776830 . PMID 29255053. doi:10.1073/pnas.1718063115.
- Copley, Shelley D.; Smith, Eric; Morowitz, Harold J. The origin of the RNA world: Co-evolution of genes and metabolism (PDF). Bioorganic Chemistry. December 2007, 35 (6): 430–443 [2015-06-08]. PMID 17897696. doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2007.08.001. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于5 September 2013）. The proposal that life on Earth arose from an RNA world is widely accepted.
- Robertson, Michael P.; Joyce, Gerald F. The origins of the RNA world. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. May 2012, 4 (5): a003608. PMC 3331698 . PMID 20739415. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a003608.
- Cech, Thomas R. The RNA Worlds in Context. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. July 2012, 4 (7): a006742. PMC 3385955 . PMID 21441585. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006742.
- Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Astrobiology (journal). 8 November 2013, 13 (12): 1103–24 [2014-11-30]. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13.1103N. PMC 3870916 . PMID 24205812. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. （原始内容存档于2017-03-12）.
- Whittaker, R. H. New concepts of kingdoms of organisms. Science. January 1969, 163 (3863): 150–60. Bibcode:1969Sci...163..150W. PMID 5762760. doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150.
- Woese, C.; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1990, 87 (12): 4576–9. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4576W. PMC 54159 . PMID 2112744. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576.
- Cavalier-Smith, T. A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biological Reviews. 1998, 73 (03): 203–66. PMID 9809012. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x.

nytimes.com

Zimmer, Carl. Scientists Say Canadian Bacteria Fossils May Be Earth's Oldest. The New York Times. 1 March 2017 [2 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 March 2017）.

pnas.org

Woese, C.; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1990, 87 (12): 4576–9. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4576W. PMC 54159 . PMID 2112744. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576.

reuters.com

ca.reuters.com

Dunham, Will. Canadian bacteria-like fossils called oldest evidence of life. Reuters. 1 March 2017 [1 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 March 2017）.

reuters.com

Steenhuysen, Julie. Study turns back clock on origins of life on Earth. Reuters. May 20, 2009 [April 13, 2014]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-16）.

royalsoc.ac.uk

journals.royalsoc.ac.uk

http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1098/rsif.2005.0045^{[永久失效連結]}

santafe.edu

tuvalu.santafe.edu

- Copley, Shelley D.; Smith, Eric; Morowitz, Harold J. The origin of the RNA world: Co-evolution of genes and metabolism (PDF). Bioorganic Chemistry. December 2007, 35 (6): 430–443 [2015-06-08]. PMID 17897696. doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2007.08.001. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于5 September 2013）. The proposal that life on Earth arose from an RNA world is widely accepted.

sciencemag.org

Koshland, Jr., Daniel E. The Seven Pillars of Life. Science. March 22, 2002, 295 (5563): 2215–2216 [2009-05-25]. PMID 11910092. doi:10.1126/science.1068489. （原始内容存档于2009-02-28）.
Koshland, Jr., Daniel E. The Seven Pillars of Life. Science. March 22, 2002, 295 (5563): 2215–2216 [2009-05-25]. PMID 11910092. doi:10.1126/science.1068489. （原始内容存档于2009-02-28）.

scribd.com

存档副本. [2007-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-07）.

web.archive.org

Koshland, Jr., Daniel E. The Seven Pillars of Life. Science. March 22, 2002, 295 (5563): 2215–2216 [2009-05-25]. PMID 11910092. doi:10.1126/science.1068489. （原始内容存档于2009-02-28）.
Koshland, Jr., Daniel E. The Seven Pillars of Life. Science. March 22, 2002, 295 (5563): 2215–2216 [2009-05-25]. PMID 11910092. doi:10.1126/science.1068489. （原始内容存档于2009-02-28）.
Hamilton Raven, Peter; Brooks Johnson, George. Biology. McGraw-Hill Education. 2002: 68 [2013-07-07]. ISBN 978-0-07-112261-0. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）.
Dodd, Matthew S.; Papineau, Dominic; Grenne, Tor; Slack, John F.; Rittner, Martin; Pirajno, Franco; O'Neil, Jonathan; Little, Crispin T.S. Evidence for early life in Earth's oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates. Nature. 1 March 2017, 543 (7643): 60–64 [2 March 2017]. Bibcode:2017Natur.543...60D. PMID 28252057. doi:10.1038/nature21377 . （原始内容存档于8 September 2017）.
Zimmer, Carl. Scientists Say Canadian Bacteria Fossils May Be Earth's Oldest. The New York Times. 1 March 2017 [2 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 March 2017）.
Ghosh, Pallab. Earliest evidence of life on Earth 'found. BBC News. 1 March 2017 [2 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 March 2017）.
Dunham, Will. Canadian bacteria-like fossils called oldest evidence of life. Reuters. 1 March 2017 [1 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于2 March 2017）.
Tyrell, Kelly April. Oldest fossils ever found show life on Earth began before 3.5 billion years ago. University of Wisconsin–Madison. 18 December 2017 [18 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-10）.
- Copley, Shelley D.; Smith, Eric; Morowitz, Harold J. The origin of the RNA world: Co-evolution of genes and metabolism (PDF). Bioorganic Chemistry. December 2007, 35 (6): 430–443 [2015-06-08]. PMID 17897696. doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2007.08.001. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于5 September 2013）. The proposal that life on Earth arose from an RNA world is widely accepted.
- Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; Nagase, Toshiro; Rosing, Minik T. Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks. Nature Geoscience. 8 December 2013 [2014-11-30]. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025. （原始内容存档于2019-12-11）.
- Borenstein, Seth. Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom. AP News. 13 November 2013 [2014-11-30]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-16）.
- Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Astrobiology (journal). 8 November 2013, 13 (12): 1103–24 [2014-11-30]. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13.1103N. PMC 3870916 . PMID 24205812. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. （原始内容存档于2017-03-12）.
- Tenenbaum, David. When Did Life on Earth Begin? Ask a Rock. Astrobiology Magazine. October 14, 2002 [April 13, 2014]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-20）.
- Courtland, Rachel. Did newborn Earth harbour life?. New Scientist. July 2, 2008 [April 13, 2014]. （原始内容存档于2015-06-30）.
- Steenhuysen, Julie. Study turns back clock on origins of life on Earth. Reuters. May 20, 2009 [April 13, 2014]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-16）.
- 存档副本. [2008-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-13）.
- 存档副本. [2007-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-14）.
- http://forums.hypography.com/biology/6702-what-exactly-constitutes-life.html （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）　實際上是甚麼構成生命？
- Kaufmann, Stuart. Barrow, John D.; Davies, P. C. W.; Harper Jr., C. L. , 编. Autonomous agents. Science and Ultimate Reality: Quantum Theory, Cosmology, and Complexity (Cambridge University Press). 2004: 654–666 [2012-11-26]. ISBN 052183113X. （原始内容存档于2021-04-14）.
- 存档副本. [2007-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-03）.
- 存档副本. [2007-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-07）.

whiterose.ac.uk

eprints.whiterose.ac.uk

Dodd, Matthew S.; Papineau, Dominic; Grenne, Tor; Slack, John F.; Rittner, Martin; Pirajno, Franco; O'Neil, Jonathan; Little, Crispin T.S. Evidence for early life in Earth's oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates. Nature. 1 March 2017, 543 (7643): 60–64 [2 March 2017]. Bibcode:2017Natur.543...60D. PMID 28252057. doi:10.1038/nature21377 . （原始内容存档于8 September 2017）.

wisc.edu

news.wisc.edu

Tyrell, Kelly April. Oldest fossils ever found show life on Earth began before 3.5 billion years ago. University of Wisconsin–Madison. 18 December 2017 [18 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-10）.