疏散星团 (Chinese Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "疏散星团" in Chinese language version.
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archive.org
- Karttunen, Hannu; et al. Fundamental astronomy. Physics and Astronomy Online Library 4th. Springer. 2003: 321. ISBN 3-540-00179-4.
- Payne-Gaposchkin, C. Stars and clusters. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 1979. Bibcode:1979stcl.book.....P. ISBN 0-674-83440-2.
- A good example of this is NGC 2244, in the Rosette Nebula. See also Johnson, Harold L. The Galactic Cluster, NGC 2244. Astrophysical Journal. November 1962, 136: 1135. Bibcode:1962ApJ...136.1135J. doi:10.1086/147466.
- D'Onofrio, Mauro; Burigana, Carlo. Introduction. Mauro D'Onofrio; Carlo Burigana (编). Questions of Modern Cosmology: Galileo's Legacy. Springer, 2009. 2009: 1. ISBN 3-642-00791-0.
- Bok, Bart J.; Bok, Priscilla F. The Milky Way. Harvard books on astronomy 5th. Harvard University Press. 1981: 136. ISBN 0-674-57503-2.
- Basu, Baidyanath. An Introduction to Astrophysics. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2003: 218. ISBN 81-203-1121-3.
- Eggen, O. J. Stellar groups, VII. The structure of the Hyades group. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1960, 120: 540–562. Bibcode:1960MNRAS.120..540E. doi:10.1093/mnras/120.6.540.
- Subramaniam, A.; Gorti, U.; Sagar, R.; Bhatt, H. C. Probable binary open star clusters in the Galaxy. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1995, 302: 86–89. Bibcode:1995A&A...302...86S.
- Binney, J.; Merrifield, M. Galactic Astronomy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0-691-02565-0. OCLC 39108765.
arxiv.org
- Lada, C. J., The physics and modes of star cluster formation: observations, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, January 2010, 368 (1913): 713–731, Bibcode:2010RSPTA.368..713L, arXiv:0911.0779
, doi:10.1098/rsta.2009.0264 - Kroupa, Pavel; Aarseth, Sverre; Hurley, Jarrod, The formation of a bound star cluster: from the Orion nebula cluster to the Pleiades, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, March 2001, 321 (4): 699–712, Bibcode:2001MNRAS.321..699K, arXiv:astro-ph/0009470 , doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04050.x
- Kroupa, P. The Fundamental Building Blocks of Galaxies. C. Turon; K.S. O'Flaherty; M.A.C. Perryman (编). Proceedings of the Gaia Symposium "The Three-Dimensional Universe with Gaia (ESA SP-576). Observatoire de Paris-Meudon: 629. October 4–7, 2004 (2005). arXiv:astro-ph/0412069 .
- Dias, W.S.; Alessi, B.S.; Moitinho, A.; Lépine, J.R.D. New catalogue of optically visible open clusters and candidates. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, 389 (3): 871–873. Bibcode:2002A&A...389..871D. arXiv:astro-ph/0203351 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020668.
- Fellhauer, M.; Lin, D.N.C.; Bolte, M.; Aarseth, S.J.; Williams K.A. The White Dwarf Deficit in Open Clusters: Dynamical Processes. The Astrophysical Journal. 2003, 595 (1): L53–L56. Bibcode:2003ApJ...595L..53F. arXiv:astro-ph/0308261 . doi:10.1086/379005.
- Thies, Ingo; Kroupa, Pavel; Goodwin, Simon P.; Stamatellos, Dimitrios; Whitworth, Anthony P., Tidally Induced Brown Dwarf and Planet Formation in Circumstellar Disks, The Astrophysical Journal, July 2010, 717 (1): 577–585, Bibcode:2010ApJ...717..577T, arXiv:1005.3017 , doi:10.1088/0004-637X/717/1/577
- Percival, S. M.; Salaris, M.; Kilkenny, D. The open cluster distance scale - A new empirical approach. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2003, 400 (2): 541–552. Bibcode:2003A&A...400..541P. arXiv:astro-ph/0301219 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030092.
- Bragaglia, A.; Held, E.V.; Tosi M. Radial velocities and membership of stars in the old, distant open cluster Berkeley 29. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2005, 429 (3): 881–886. Bibcode:2005A&A...429..881B. arXiv:astro-ph/0409046 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041049.
books.google.com
- Moore, Patrick; Rees, Robin, Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy 2nd, Cambridge University Press: 339, 2011 [2016-01-14], ISBN 0-521-89935-4, （原始内容存档于2020-09-01）
- Maran, Stephen P.; Marschall, Laurence A., Galileo's new universe: the revolution in our understanding of the cosmos, BenBella Books: 128, 2009 [2016-01-14], ISBN 1-933771-59-3, （原始内容存档于2021-01-10）
- Binney, James; Merrifield, Michael, Galactic astronomy, Princeton series in astrophysics, Princeton University Press: 377, 1998 [2016-01-14], ISBN 0-691-02565-7, （原始内容存档于2020-08-18）
doi.org
- A good example of this is NGC 2244, in the Rosette Nebula. See also Johnson, Harold L. The Galactic Cluster, NGC 2244. Astrophysical Journal. November 1962, 136: 1135. Bibcode:1962ApJ...136.1135J. doi:10.1086/147466.
- Michell, J. An Inquiry into the probable Parallax, and Magnitude, of the Fixed Stars, from the Quantity of Light which they afford us, and the particular Circumstances of their Situation. Philosophical Transactions. 1767, 57 (0): 234–264. Bibcode:1767RSPT...57..234M. doi:10.1098/rstl.1767.0028.
- Trumpler, R. J. Spectral Types in Open Clusters. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. December 1925, 37 (220): 307. Bibcode:1925PASP...37..307T. doi:10.1086/123509.
- van Maanen, Adriaan, Investigations on Proper Motion. XXIV. Further Measures in the Pleiades Cluster, Astrophysical Journal, July 1945, 102: 26–31, Bibcode:1945ApJ...102...26V, doi:10.1086/144736
- Lada, C. J., The physics and modes of star cluster formation: observations, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, January 2010, 368 (1913): 713–731, Bibcode:2010RSPTA.368..713L, arXiv:0911.0779 , doi:10.1098/rsta.2009.0264
- Shu, Frank H.; Adams, Fred C.; Lizano, Susana, Star formation in molecular clouds - Observation and theory, Annual review of astronomy and astrophysics, 1987, 25: 23–81, Bibcode:1987ARA&A..25...23S, doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.25.090187.000323
- Battinelli, P.; Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R. Formation and evolutionary properties of the Galactic open cluster system. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1991, 249: 76–83. Bibcode:1991MNRAS.249...76B. doi:10.1093/mnras/249.1.76.
- Kroupa, Pavel; Aarseth, Sverre; Hurley, Jarrod, The formation of a bound star cluster: from the Orion nebula cluster to the Pleiades, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, March 2001, 321 (4): 699–712, Bibcode:2001MNRAS.321..699K, arXiv:astro-ph/0009470 , doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04050.x
- Elmegreen, Bruce G.; Efremov, Yuri N. A Universal Formation Mechanism for Open and Globular Clusters in Turbulent Gas. The Astrophysical Journal. 1997, 480 (1): 235–245. Bibcode:1997ApJ...480..235E. doi:10.1086/303966.
- Eggen, O. J. Stellar groups, VII. The structure of the Hyades group. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1960, 120: 540–562. Bibcode:1960MNRAS.120..540E. doi:10.1093/mnras/120.6.540.
- Nilakshi, S.R.; Pandey, A.K.; Mohan, V. A study of spatial structure of galactic open star clusters. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, 383 (1): 153–162. Bibcode:2002A&A...383..153N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011719.
- Trumpler, R.J. Preliminary results on the distances, dimensions and space distribution of open star clusters. Lick Observatory bulletin (Berkeley: University of California Press). 1930, 14 (420): 154–188. Bibcode:1930LicOB..14..154T. doi:10.5479/ADS/bib/1930LicOB.14.154T.
- Dias, W.S.; Alessi, B.S.; Moitinho, A.; Lépine, J.R.D. New catalogue of optically visible open clusters and candidates. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, 389 (3): 871–873. Bibcode:2002A&A...389..871D. arXiv:astro-ph/0203351 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020668.
- Janes, K.A.; Phelps, R.L. The galactic system of old star clusters: The development of the galactic disk. The Astronomical Journal. 1980, 108: 1773–1785. Bibcode:1994AJ....108.1773J. doi:10.1086/117192.
- Hunter, D. Star Formation in Irregular Galaxies: A Review of Several Key Questions. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1997, 109: 937–950. Bibcode:1997PASP..109..937H. doi:10.1086/133965.
- Friel, Eileen D. The Old Open Clusters Of The Milky Way. Annual Reviews of Astronomy & Astrophysics. 1995, 33: 381–414. Bibcode:1995ARA&A..33..381F. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.33.090195.002121.
- Fellhauer, M.; Lin, D.N.C.; Bolte, M.; Aarseth, S.J.; Williams K.A. The White Dwarf Deficit in Open Clusters: Dynamical Processes. The Astrophysical Journal. 2003, 595 (1): L53–L56. Bibcode:2003ApJ...595L..53F. arXiv:astro-ph/0308261 . doi:10.1086/379005.
- Thies, Ingo; Kroupa, Pavel; Goodwin, Simon P.; Stamatellos, Dimitrios; Whitworth, Anthony P., Tidally Induced Brown Dwarf and Planet Formation in Circumstellar Disks, The Astrophysical Journal, July 2010, 717 (1): 577–585, Bibcode:2010ApJ...717..577T, arXiv:1005.3017 , doi:10.1088/0004-637X/717/1/577
- Hills, J. G. The effect of mass loss on the dynamical evolution of a stellar system - Analytic approximations. Astrophysical Journal. 1980-02-01, 235 (1): 986–991. Bibcode:1980ApJ...235..986H. doi:10.1086/157703.
- de La Fuente, M.R. Dynamical Evolution of Open Star Clusters. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1998, 110 (751): 1117–1117. Bibcode:1998PASP..110.1117D. doi:10.1086/316220.
- Soderblom, David R.; Mayor, Michel. Stellar kinematic groups. I - The Ursa Major group. Astronomical Journal. 1993, 105 (1): 226–249. Bibcode:1993AJ....105..226S. ISSN 0004-6256. doi:10.1086/116422.
- VandenBerg, D.A.; Stetson, P.B. On the Old Open Clusters M67 and NGC 188: Convective Core Overshooting, Color-Temperature Relations, Distances, and Ages. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 2004, 116 (825): 997–1011. Bibcode:2004PASP..116..997V. doi:10.1086/426340.
- Percival, S. M.; Salaris, M.; Kilkenny, D. The open cluster distance scale - A new empirical approach. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2003, 400 (2): 541–552. Bibcode:2003A&A...400..541P. arXiv:astro-ph/0301219 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030092.
- Hanson, R.B. A study of the motion, membership, and distance of the Hyades cluster. Astronomical Journal. 1975, 80: 379–401. Bibcode:1975AJ.....80..379H. doi:10.1086/111753.
- Bragaglia, A.; Held, E.V.; Tosi M. Radial velocities and membership of stars in the old, distant open cluster Berkeley 29. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2005, 429 (3): 881–886. Bibcode:2005A&A...429..881B. arXiv:astro-ph/0409046 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041049.
- Rowan-Robinson, Michael. The extragalactic distance scale. Space Science Reviews. March 1988, 48 (1–2): 1–71. Bibcode:1988SSRv...48....1R. ISSN 0038-6308. doi:10.1007/BF00183129.
eso.org
- Young Stars Paint Spectacular Stellar Landscape. ESO Press Release. [2013-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-18）.
- VISTA Finds 96 Star Clusters Hidden Behind Dust. ESO Science Release. [2011-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-14）.
- A Star Cluster in the Wake of Carina. ESO Press Release. [2014-05-27]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-26）.
- Buried in the Heart of a Giant. [2015-07-01]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-04）.
harvard.edu
ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
- Payne-Gaposchkin, C. Stars and clusters. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 1979. Bibcode:1979stcl.book.....P. ISBN 0-674-83440-2.
- A good example of this is NGC 2244, in the Rosette Nebula. See also Johnson, Harold L. The Galactic Cluster, NGC 2244. Astrophysical Journal. November 1962, 136: 1135. Bibcode:1962ApJ...136.1135J. doi:10.1086/147466.
- Fodera-Serio, G.; Indorato, L.; Nastasi, P., Hodierna's Observations of Nebulae and his Cosmology, Journal for the History of Astronomy, February 1985, 16 (1): 1, Bibcode:1985JHA....16....1F
- Jones, K. G. Some Notes on Hodierna's Nebulae. Journal of the History of Astronomy. August 1986, 17 (50): 187–188. Bibcode:1986JHA....17..187J.
- Chapman, A., William Herschel and the Measurement of Space, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, December 1989, 30 (4): 399–418, Bibcode:1989QJRAS..30..399C
- Michell, J. An Inquiry into the probable Parallax, and Magnitude, of the Fixed Stars, from the Quantity of Light which they afford us, and the particular Circumstances of their Situation. Philosophical Transactions. 1767, 57 (0): 234–264. Bibcode:1767RSPT...57..234M. doi:10.1098/rstl.1767.0028.
- Hoskin, M. Herschel, William's Early Investigations of Nebulae - a Reassessment. Journal for the History of Astronomy. 1979, 10: 165–176. Bibcode:1979JHA....10..165H.
- Hoskin, M. Herschel's Cosmology. Journal of the History of Astronomy. February 1987, 18 (1): 1–34, 20. Bibcode:1987JHA....18....1H.
- Trumpler, R. J. Spectral Types in Open Clusters. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. December 1925, 37 (220): 307. Bibcode:1925PASP...37..307T. doi:10.1086/123509.
- Barnard, E. E., Micrometric measures of star clusters, Publications of the Yerkes Observatory: 1–106, Bibcode:1931PYerO...6....1B
- van Maanen, Adriaan, No. 167. Investigations on proper motion. Furst paper: The motions of 85 stars in the neighborhood of Atlas and Pleione, Contributions from the Mount Wilson Observatory (Carnegie Institution of Washington), 1919, 167: 1–15, Bibcode:1919CMWCI.167....1V
- van Maanen, Adriaan, Investigations on Proper Motion. XXIV. Further Measures in the Pleiades Cluster, Astrophysical Journal, July 1945, 102: 26–31, Bibcode:1945ApJ...102...26V, doi:10.1086/144736
- Strand, K. Aa., Hertzsprung's Contributions to the HR Diagram, Philip, A. G. Davis; DeVorkin, David H. (编), The HR Diagram, In Memory of Henry Norris Russell, IAU Symposium No. 80, held November 2, 1977, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC: 55–59, December 1977, Bibcode:1977IAUS...80S..55S
- Lada, C. J., The physics and modes of star cluster formation: observations, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, January 2010, 368 (1913): 713–731, Bibcode:2010RSPTA.368..713L, arXiv:0911.0779 , doi:10.1098/rsta.2009.0264
- Shu, Frank H.; Adams, Fred C.; Lizano, Susana, Star formation in molecular clouds - Observation and theory, Annual review of astronomy and astrophysics, 1987, 25: 23–81, Bibcode:1987ARA&A..25...23S, doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.25.090187.000323
- Battinelli, P.; Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R. Formation and evolutionary properties of the Galactic open cluster system. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1991, 249: 76–83. Bibcode:1991MNRAS.249...76B. doi:10.1093/mnras/249.1.76.
- Kroupa, Pavel; Aarseth, Sverre; Hurley, Jarrod, The formation of a bound star cluster: from the Orion nebula cluster to the Pleiades, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, March 2001, 321 (4): 699–712, Bibcode:2001MNRAS.321..699K, arXiv:astro-ph/0009470 , doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04050.x
- Elmegreen, Bruce G.; Efremov, Yuri N. A Universal Formation Mechanism for Open and Globular Clusters in Turbulent Gas. The Astrophysical Journal. 1997, 480 (1): 235–245. Bibcode:1997ApJ...480..235E. doi:10.1086/303966.
- Eggen, O. J. Stellar groups, VII. The structure of the Hyades group. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1960, 120: 540–562. Bibcode:1960MNRAS.120..540E. doi:10.1093/mnras/120.6.540.
- Subramaniam, A.; Gorti, U.; Sagar, R.; Bhatt, H. C. Probable binary open star clusters in the Galaxy. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1995, 302: 86–89. Bibcode:1995A&A...302...86S.
- Nilakshi, S.R.; Pandey, A.K.; Mohan, V. A study of spatial structure of galactic open star clusters. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, 383 (1): 153–162. Bibcode:2002A&A...383..153N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011719.
- Trumpler, R.J. Preliminary results on the distances, dimensions and space distribution of open star clusters. Lick Observatory bulletin (Berkeley: University of California Press). 1930, 14 (420): 154–188. Bibcode:1930LicOB..14..154T. doi:10.5479/ADS/bib/1930LicOB.14.154T.
- Dias, W.S.; Alessi, B.S.; Moitinho, A.; Lépine, J.R.D. New catalogue of optically visible open clusters and candidates. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, 389 (3): 871–873. Bibcode:2002A&A...389..871D. arXiv:astro-ph/0203351 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020668.
- Janes, K.A.; Phelps, R.L. The galactic system of old star clusters: The development of the galactic disk. The Astronomical Journal. 1980, 108: 1773–1785. Bibcode:1994AJ....108.1773J. doi:10.1086/117192.
- Hunter, D. Star Formation in Irregular Galaxies: A Review of Several Key Questions. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1997, 109: 937–950. Bibcode:1997PASP..109..937H. doi:10.1086/133965.
- Friel, Eileen D. The Old Open Clusters Of The Milky Way. Annual Reviews of Astronomy & Astrophysics. 1995, 33: 381–414. Bibcode:1995ARA&A..33..381F. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.33.090195.002121.
- van den Bergh, S.; McClure, R.D. Galactic distribution of the oldest open clusters. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 1980, 88: 360. Bibcode:1980A&A....88..360V.
- Andronov, N.; Pinsonneault, M.; Terndrup, D. Formation of Blue Stragglers in Open Clusters. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 2003, 35: 1343. Bibcode:2003AAS...203.8504A.
- Fellhauer, M.; Lin, D.N.C.; Bolte, M.; Aarseth, S.J.; Williams K.A. The White Dwarf Deficit in Open Clusters: Dynamical Processes. The Astrophysical Journal. 2003, 595 (1): L53–L56. Bibcode:2003ApJ...595L..53F. arXiv:astro-ph/0308261 . doi:10.1086/379005.
- Thies, Ingo; Kroupa, Pavel; Goodwin, Simon P.; Stamatellos, Dimitrios; Whitworth, Anthony P., Tidally Induced Brown Dwarf and Planet Formation in Circumstellar Disks, The Astrophysical Journal, July 2010, 717 (1): 577–585, Bibcode:2010ApJ...717..577T, arXiv:1005.3017 , doi:10.1088/0004-637X/717/1/577
- Hills, J. G. The effect of mass loss on the dynamical evolution of a stellar system - Analytic approximations. Astrophysical Journal. 1980-02-01, 235 (1): 986–991. Bibcode:1980ApJ...235..986H. doi:10.1086/157703.
- de La Fuente, M.R. Dynamical Evolution of Open Star Clusters. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1998, 110 (751): 1117–1117. Bibcode:1998PASP..110.1117D. doi:10.1086/316220.
- Soderblom, David R.; Mayor, Michel. Stellar kinematic groups. I - The Ursa Major group. Astronomical Journal. 1993, 105 (1): 226–249. Bibcode:1993AJ....105..226S. ISSN 0004-6256. doi:10.1086/116422.
- Majewski, S. R.; Hawley, S. L.; Munn, J. A. Moving Groups, Stellar Streams and Phase Space Substructure in the Galactic Halo. ASP Conference Series. 1996, 92: 119. Bibcode:1996ASPC...92..119M.
- Sick, Jonathan; de Jong, R. S. A New Method for Detecting Stellar Streams in the Halos of Galaxies. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 2006, 38: 1191. Bibcode:2006AAS...20921105S.
- VandenBerg, D.A.; Stetson, P.B. On the Old Open Clusters M67 and NGC 188: Convective Core Overshooting, Color-Temperature Relations, Distances, and Ages. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 2004, 116 (825): 997–1011. Bibcode:2004PASP..116..997V. doi:10.1086/426340.
- Brown, A.G.A. Open clusters and OB associations: a review. Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica. 2001, 11: 89–96. Bibcode:2001RMxAC..11...89B.
- Percival, S. M.; Salaris, M.; Kilkenny, D. The open cluster distance scale - A new empirical approach. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2003, 400 (2): 541–552. Bibcode:2003A&A...400..541P. arXiv:astro-ph/0301219 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030092.
- Hanson, R.B. A study of the motion, membership, and distance of the Hyades cluster. Astronomical Journal. 1975, 80: 379–401. Bibcode:1975AJ.....80..379H. doi:10.1086/111753.
- Bragaglia, A.; Held, E.V.; Tosi M. Radial velocities and membership of stars in the old, distant open cluster Berkeley 29. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2005, 429 (3): 881–886. Bibcode:2005A&A...429..881B. arXiv:astro-ph/0409046 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041049.
- Rowan-Robinson, Michael. The extragalactic distance scale. Space Science Reviews. March 1988, 48 (1–2): 1–71. Bibcode:1988SSRv...48....1R. ISSN 0038-6308. doi:10.1007/BF00183129.
adsabs.harvard.edu
- Sandage, Allan (1958). Cepheids in Galactic Clusters. I. CF Cass in NGC 7790. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, AJ, 128
- Majaess, D.; Carraro, G.; Moni Bidin, C.; Bonatto, C.; Berdnikov, L.; Balam, D.; Moyano, M.; Gallo, L.; Turner, D.; Lane, D.; Gieren, W.; Borissova, J.; Kovtyukh, V.; Beletsky, Y.（2013）. Anchors for the cosmic distance scale: the Cepheids U Sagittarii, CF Cassiopeiae, and CEab Cassiopeiae （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, A&A, 260
nightskyinfo.com
- Neata, Emil. Open Star Clusters: Information and Observations. Night Sky Info. [2009-01-02]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-14）.
orsapa.it
- Diagrammi degli ammassi ed evoluzione stellare. O.R.S.A. - Organizzazione Ricerche e Studi di Astronomia. [2009-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-14） （意大利语）.
seds.org
- Frommert, Hartmut; Kronberg, Christine. Open Star Clusters. SEDS. University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Lab. 2007-08-27 [2009-01-02]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-22）.
ua.edu
astr.ua.edu
- Keel, Bill. The Extragalactic Distance Scale. Department of Physics and Astronomy - University of Alabama. [2009-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-14）.
uchicago.edu
journals.uchicago.edu
- VandenBerg, D.A.; Stetson, P.B. On the Old Open Clusters M67 and NGC 188: Convective Core Overshooting, Color-Temperature Relations, Distances, and Ages. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 2004, 116 (825): 997–1011. Bibcode:2004PASP..116..997V. doi:10.1086/426340.
web.archive.org
- Young Stars Paint Spectacular Stellar Landscape. ESO Press Release. [2013-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-18）.
- Frommert, Hartmut; Kronberg, Christine. Open Star Clusters. SEDS. University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Lab. 2007-08-27 [2009-01-02]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-22）.
- 一星一世界：天蝎座的M7疏散星团. [2007-03-23]. （原始内容存档于2006-01-03）.
- Moore, Patrick; Rees, Robin, Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy 2nd, Cambridge University Press: 339, 2011 [2016-01-14], ISBN 0-521-89935-4, （原始内容存档于2020-09-01）
- A Star Cluster in the Wake of Carina. ESO Press Release. [2014-05-27]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-26）.
- Maran, Stephen P.; Marschall, Laurence A., Galileo's new universe: the revolution in our understanding of the cosmos, BenBella Books: 128, 2009 [2016-01-14], ISBN 1-933771-59-3, （原始内容存档于2021-01-10）
- Binney, James; Merrifield, Michael, Galactic astronomy, Princeton series in astrophysics, Princeton University Press: 377, 1998 [2016-01-14], ISBN 0-691-02565-7, （原始内容存档于2020-08-18）
- Buried in the Heart of a Giant. [2015-07-01]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-04）.
- Sandage, Allan (1958). Cepheids in Galactic Clusters. I. CF Cass in NGC 7790. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, AJ, 128
- Majaess, D.; Carraro, G.; Moni Bidin, C.; Bonatto, C.; Berdnikov, L.; Balam, D.; Moyano, M.; Gallo, L.; Turner, D.; Lane, D.; Gieren, W.; Borissova, J.; Kovtyukh, V.; Beletsky, Y.（2013）. Anchors for the cosmic distance scale: the Cepheids U Sagittarii, CF Cassiopeiae, and CEab Cassiopeiae （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, A&A, 260
webcitation.org
- Neata, Emil. Open Star Clusters: Information and Observations. Night Sky Info. [2009-01-02]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-14）.
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