睾丸 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "睾丸" in Chinese language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Chinese rank

58web.archive.org

1^st place

50doi.org

2^nd place

23^rd place

37worldcat.org

5^th place

12^th place

27nih.gov

4^th place

5^th place

15sciencedirect.com

149^th place

292^nd place

5nature.com

234^th place

227^th place

3wiley.com

222^nd place

216^th place

2tandfonline.com

507^th place

610^th place

2oup.com

485^th place

489^th place

2mdpi.com

2,912^th place

2,995^th place

2bmj.com

1,226^th place

890^th place

1teachmeanatomy.info

low place

1cambridge.org

305^th place

511^th place

1yourhormones.info

low place

1genecards.org

low place

1science.org

1,160^th place

1,594^th place

1elsevier.com

610^th place

388^th place

1nejm.org

2,374^th place

1,457^th place

1imrpress.com

low place

1springer.com

274^th place

320^th place

1plos.org

2,112^th place

1,419^th place

1asm.org

3,555^th place

1,826^th place

1books.google.com

3^rd place

8^th place

1degruyter.com

1,425^th place

4,196^th place

1ltn.com.tw

302^nd place

6^th place

1royalsocietypublishing.org

1,993^rd place

1,521^st place

asm.org

journals.asm.org

Yan, Xiaowei; Feng, Yanni; Hao, Yanan; Zhong, Ruqing; Jiang, Yue; Tang, Xiangfang; Lu, Dongxin; Fang, Hanhan; Agarwal, Manjree; Chen, Liang; Zhao, Yong. Seedorf, Henning , 编. Gut-Testis Axis: Microbiota Prime Metabolome To Increase Sperm Quality in Young Type 2 Diabetes. Microbiology Spectrum. 2022-10-26, 10 (5) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 2165-0497. PMC 9603910 . PMID 36214691. doi:10.1128/spectrum.01423-22. （原始内容存档于2022-12-31）（英语）.

bmj.com

gut.bmj.com

Zhang, Teng; Sun, Peng; Geng, Qi; Fan, Haitao; Gong, Yutian; Hu, Yanting; Shan, Liying; Sun, Yuanchao; Shen, Wei; Zhou, Yang. Disrupted spermatogenesis in a metabolic syndrome model: the role of vitamin A metabolism in the gut–testis axis. Gut. 2022-01-01, 71 (1) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 0017-5749. PMC 8666830 . PMID 33504491. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323347. （原始内容存档于2022-11-27）（英语）.
Martinot, Emmanuelle; Thirouard, Laura; Holota, Hélène; Monrose, Mélusine; Garcia, Manon; Beaudoin, Claude; Volle, David H. Intestinal microbiota defines the GUT-TESTIS axis. Gut. 2022-04, 71 (4) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 0017-5749. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324690. （原始内容存档于2024-03-13）（英语）.

books.google.com

Vern L. Bullough. Encyclopedia of birth control. ABC-CLIO. 2001: 248 [11 January 2011]. ISBN 1-57607-181-2. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.

cambridge.org

Müller, Alexander; Mulhall, John P. Erection, emission, and ejaculation:: mechanisms of control. Niederberger, Craig S. (编). Infertility in the Male 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2009: 132–152 [2023-12-30]. ISBN 978-0-511-63565-6. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511635656.010. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.

degruyter.com

Jenkins, John S. The Lost Voice: A History of the Castrato: St George’s Hospital Medical School, London, UK. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2000-12-01, 13 (s2) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 2191-0251. doi:10.1515/jpem-2000-s625. （原始内容存档于2022-12-01）（英语）.

doi.org

Murat, Florent; Mbengue, Noe; Winge, Sofia Boeg; Trefzer, Timo; Leushkin, Evgeny; Sepp, Mari; Cardoso-Moreira, Margarida; Schmidt, Julia; Schneider, Celine; Mößinger, Katharina; Brüning, Thoomke. The molecular evolution of spermatogenesis across mammals. Nature. 2023-01, 613 (7943) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05547-7. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Miller, Jr, William B.; Torday, John S. Reappraising the exteriorization of the mammalian testes through evolutionary physiology. Communicative & Integrative Biology. 2019-01-01, 12 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1942-0889. PMC 6527184 . PMID 31143362. doi:10.1080/19420889.2019.1586047. （原始内容存档于2024-01-05）（英语）.
Gamete Transport. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. 2014-01-01 [2023-12-30]. ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.05427-1. （原始内容存档于2017-08-30）.
Müller, Alexander; Mulhall, John P. Erection, emission, and ejaculation:: mechanisms of control. Niederberger, Craig S. (编). Infertility in the Male 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2009: 132–152 [2023-12-30]. ISBN 978-0-511-63565-6. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511635656.010. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Carlson, Bruce M. Chapter 2 - Transport of Gametes and Fertilization. Carlson, Bruce M. (编). Human Embryology and Developmental Biology (Fifth Edition). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 2014-01-01: 24–36. ISBN 978-1-4557-2794-0. doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2794-0.00002-4.
Hall, P. F.; Irby, D. C.; Kretser, D. M. De. Conversion of Cholesterol to Androgens by Rat Testes: Comparison of Interstitial Cells and Seminiferous Tubules. Endocrinology. 1969-03, 84 (3) [2023-12-30]. ISSN 0013-7227. doi:10.1210/endo-84-3-488. （原始内容存档于2023-12-04）（英语）.
Barry R Zirkin and Vassilios Papadopoulos. Conversion of Cholesterol to Androgens by Rat Testes: Comparison of Interstitial Cells and Seminiferous Tubules. academic.oup.com. [2023-12-30]. PMC 6044347 . PMID 29566165. doi:10.1093/biolre/ioy059. （原始内容存档于2024-01-03）.
Courtois, Frédérique; Charvier, Kathleen. Chapter 13 - Sexual dysfunction in patients with spinal cord lesions. Vodušek, David B. (编). Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Neurology of Sexual and Bladder Disorders 130. Elsevier. 2015-01-01: 225–245. doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63247-0.00013-4.
Nanda, Indrajit; Shan, Zhihong; Schartl, Manfred; Burt, Dave W.; Koehler, Michael; Nothwang, Hans-Gerd; Grützner, Frank; Paton, Ian R.; Windsor, Dawn; Dunn, Ian; Engel, Wolfgang. 300 million years of conserved synteny between chicken Z and human chromosome 9. Nature Genetics. 1999-03, 21 (3) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1546-1718. doi:10.1038/6769. （原始内容存档于2022-12-08）（英语）.
Marsudi, Bagas A.; Kartapradja, Hannie; Paramayuda, Chrysantine; Batubara, Jose R. L.; Harahap, Alida R.; Marzuki, Nanis S. Loss of DMRT1 gene in a Mos 45,XY,-9[8]/46,XY,r(9)[29]/47,XY,+idic r(9)× 2[1]/46,XY,idic r(9)[1]/46,XY[1] female presenting with short stature. Molecular Cytogenetics. 2018-05-08, 11 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1755-8166. PMC 5941566 . PMID 29760778. doi:10.1186/s13039-018-0379-z. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Zarkower, David; Murphy, Mark W. DMRT1: An Ancient Sexual Regulator Required for Human Gonadogenesis. Sexual Development. 2021-09-01, 16 (2-3) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1661-5425. PMC 8885888 . PMID 34515237. doi:10.1159/000518272. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Singchat, Worapong; Ahmad, Syed Farhan; Laopichienpong, Nararat; Suntronpong, Aorarat; Panthum, Thitipong; Griffin, Darren K.; Srikulnath, Kornsorn. Snake W Sex Chromosome: The Shadow of Ancestral Amniote Super-Sex Chromosome. Cells. 2020-11, 9 (11) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 2073-4409. PMC 7692289 . PMID 33142713. doi:10.3390/cells9112386. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）（英语）.
Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; Yano, Cassia Fernanda; Sember, Alexandr; Bertollo, Luiz Antônio Carlos. Chromosomal Evolution in Lower Vertebrates: Sex Chromosomes in Neotropical Fishes. Genes. 2017-10, 8 (10) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 5664108 . PMID 28981468. doi:10.3390/genes8100258. （原始内容存档于2024-02-09）（英语）.
Nakamura, Masahisa. Sex determination in amphibians. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. Environmental Regulation of Sex Dtermination in Vertebrates. 2009-05-01, 20 (3) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 1084-9521. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.10.003. （原始内容存档于2012-03-07）.
Yoshimoto, Shin; Ito, Michihiko. A ZZ/ZW‐type sex determination in Xenopus laevis. The FEBS Journal. 2011-04, 278 (7) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 1742-464X. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08031.x. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）（英语）.
Ge, Chutian; Ye, Jian; Weber, Ceri; Sun, Wei; Zhang, Haiyan; Zhou, Yingjie; Cai, Cheng; Qian, Guoying; Capel, Blanche. The histone demethylase KDM6B regulates temperature-dependent sex determination in a turtle species. Science. 2018-05-11, 360 (6389) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.aap8328. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）（英语）.
Mitchell, Barry; Sharma, Ram. Chapter 9 - The reproductive system. Mitchell, Barry (编). Embryology (Second Edition). Churchill Livingstone. 2009-01-01: 53–58 [2024-01-03]. ISBN 978-0-7020-3225-7. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3225-7.50012-9. （原始内容存档于2022-01-05）.
Hutson, JohnM. A BIPHASIC MODEL FOR THE HORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR DESCENT. The Lancet. 1985-08, 326 (8452) [2024-01-03]. ISSN 0140-6736. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92739-4. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Hutson, John M.; Balic, Adam; Nation, Tamara; Southwell, Bridget. Cryptorchidism. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery. 2010-08, 19 (3) [2024-02-11]. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.04.001. （原始内容存档于2022-12-08）（英语）.
Kawaichi, George K.; Cooper, Philip; O'Donnell, Harold F. Monorchism: A Report of Two Cases. New England Journal of Medicine. 1949-03-03, 240 (9) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0028-4793. doi:10.1056/NEJM194903032400905. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Joshi, U. M. Endocrine and Accessory Sex Organ Function After Vasectomy and Vasovasostomy. Archives of Andrology. 1981-01, 7 (2) [2024-01-07]. ISSN 0148-5016. doi:10.3109/01485018108999306. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Deviche, Pierre; Hurley, Laura L.; Fokidis, H. Bobby. Chapter 2 - Avian Testicular Structure, Function, and Regulation. Norris, David O. (编). Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates. London: Academic Press. 2011-01-01: 27–70 [2023-12-31]. ISBN 978-0-12-374929-1. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374929-1.10002-2. （原始内容存档于2022-10-24）.
Wright, William W. 10 - Stage-specific gene expression by Sertoli cells. Griswold, Michael D. (编). Sertoli Cell Biology (Second Edition). Oxford: Academic Press. 2015-01-01: 273–306. ISBN 978-0-12-417047-6. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417047-6.00010-7.
Kustritz, MARGARET V. ROOT. 22 - Anatomy and Normal Reproductive Physiology. Kustritz, MARGARET V. ROOT (编). The Dog Breeder's Guide to Successful Breeding and Health Management. Saint Louis: W.B. Saunders. 2006-01-01: 314–321. ISBN 978-1-4160-3139-0. doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3139-0.50026-2.
de Kretser, David M.; Loveland, Kate; O’Bryan, Moira. Chapter 136 - Spermatogenesis. Jameson, J. Larry (编). Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric (Seventh Edition). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 2016-01-01: 2325–2353.e9 [2023-12-31]. ISBN 978-0-323-18907-1. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00136-0. （原始内容存档于2022-04-03）.
Creasy, Dianne M.; Chapin, Robert E. Chapter 17 - Male Reproductive System. Wallig, Matthew A. (编). Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology (Third Edition). Academic Press. 2018-01-01: 459–516 [2023-12-31]. ISBN 978-0-12-809841-7. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809841-7.00017-4. （原始内容存档于2021-12-18）.
Cameron, D. F.; Hudson, J. C. Testicular Function. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. 2014-01-01. ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.00266-x.
Haschek, Wanda M.; Rousseaux, Colin G.; Wallig, Matthew A. Chapter 18 - Male Reproductive System. Haschek, Wanda M. (编). Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology (Second Edition). San Diego: Academic Press. 2010-01-01: 553–597 [2023-12-31]. ISBN 978-0-12-370469-6. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-370469-6.00018-0. （原始内容存档于2022-03-13）.
Kustritz, MARGARET V. ROOT. 22 - Anatomy and Normal Reproductive Physiology. Kustritz, MARGARET V. ROOT (编). The Dog Breeder's Guide to Successful Breeding and Health Management. Saint Louis: W.B. Saunders. 2006-01-01: 314–321. ISBN 978-1-4160-3139-0. doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3139-0.50026-2.
Liu, Yi-Xun. Temperature control of spermatogenesis and prospect of male contraception. Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar. 2010-01-01, 2 (2) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 1945-0516. doi:10.2741/S97. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Mieusset, R.; Bujan, L. Testicular heating and its possible contributions to male infertility: a review. International Journal of Andrology. 1995-08, 18 (4) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 0105-6263. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1995.tb00408.x. （原始内容存档于2024-01-04）（英语）.
Hirano, Kodai; Nonami, Yuta; Nakamura, Yoshiaki; Sato, Toshiyuki; Sato, Takuya; Ishiguro, Kei-ichiro; Ogawa, Takehiko; Yoshida, Shosei. Temperature sensitivity of DNA double-strand break repair underpins heat-induced meiotic failure in mouse spermatogenesis. Communications Biology. 2022-05-26, 5 (1) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 9135715 . PMID 35618762. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03449-y. （原始内容存档于2024-02-14）（英语）.
Bedford, J. Michael. Effects of Elevated Temperature on the Epididymis and Testis: Experimental Studies. Zorgniotti, Adrian W. (编). Temperature and Environmental Effects on the Testis 286. Boston, MA: Springer US. 1991: 19–32 [2024-01-04]. ISBN 978-1-4684-5915-9. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5913-5_3. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Abdelhamid, Mohamed Hadi Mohamed; Walschaerts, Marie; Ahmad, Gulfam; Mieusset, Roger; Bujan, Louis; Hamdi, Safouane. Mild experimental increase in testis and epididymis temperature in men: effects on sperm morphology according to spermatogenesis stages. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2019-12, 8 (6) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 2223-4691. PMC 6987600 . PMID 32038961. doi:10.21037/tau.2019.11.18. （原始内容存档于2024-01-04）.
Alfano, Massimo; Ferrarese, Roberto; Locatelli, Irene; Ventimiglia, Eugenio; Ippolito, Silvia; Gallina, Pierangela; Cesana, Daniela; Canducci, Filippo; Pagliardini, Luca; Viganò, Paola; Clementi, Massimo. Testicular microbiome in azoospermic men—first evidence of the impact of an altered microenvironment. Human Reproduction. 2018-05-30, 33 (7). ISSN 0268-1161. PMC 6012977 . PMID 29850857. doi:10.1093/humrep/dey116.
Weng, Shun-Long; Chiu, Chih-Min; Lin, Feng-Mao; Huang, Wei-Chih; Liang, Chao; Yang, Ting; Yang, Tzu-Ling; Liu, Chia-Yu; Wu, Wei-Yun; Chang, Yi-An; Chang, Tzu-Hao. Abdo, Zaid , 编. Bacterial Communities in Semen from Men of Infertile Couples: Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals Relationships of Seminal Microbiota to Semen Quality. PLoS ONE. 2014-10-23, 9 (10) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4207690 . PMID 25340531. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110152. （原始内容存档于2024-03-13）（英语）.
Yan, Xiaowei; Feng, Yanni; Hao, Yanan; Zhong, Ruqing; Jiang, Yue; Tang, Xiangfang; Lu, Dongxin; Fang, Hanhan; Agarwal, Manjree; Chen, Liang; Zhao, Yong. Seedorf, Henning , 编. Gut-Testis Axis: Microbiota Prime Metabolome To Increase Sperm Quality in Young Type 2 Diabetes. Microbiology Spectrum. 2022-10-26, 10 (5) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 2165-0497. PMC 9603910 . PMID 36214691. doi:10.1128/spectrum.01423-22. （原始内容存档于2022-12-31）（英语）.
Zhang, Teng; Sun, Peng; Geng, Qi; Fan, Haitao; Gong, Yutian; Hu, Yanting; Shan, Liying; Sun, Yuanchao; Shen, Wei; Zhou, Yang. Disrupted spermatogenesis in a metabolic syndrome model: the role of vitamin A metabolism in the gut–testis axis. Gut. 2022-01-01, 71 (1) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 0017-5749. PMC 8666830 . PMID 33504491. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323347. （原始内容存档于2022-11-27）（英语）.
Martinot, Emmanuelle; Thirouard, Laura; Holota, Hélène; Monrose, Mélusine; Garcia, Manon; Beaudoin, Claude; Volle, David H. Intestinal microbiota defines the GUT-TESTIS axis. Gut. 2022-04, 71 (4) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 0017-5749. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324690. （原始内容存档于2024-03-13）（英语）.
Randhawa, Harkanwal; Blankstein, Udi; Davies, Timothy. Scrotal trauma: A case report and review of the literature. Canadian Urological Association Journal. 2019-06, 13 (6 Suppl4) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 1911-6470. PMC 6565400 . PMID 31194930. doi:10.5489/cuaj.5981. （原始内容存档于2022-12-28）.
Bauer, Natasha J. G. Case report: Traumatic unilateral testicular rupture. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2016-01-01, 25 [2024-01-04]. ISSN 2210-2612. PMC 4925437 . PMID 27340802. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.05.059. （原始内容存档于2024-01-04）.
Qiu, Jingping; Jia, Shi; Li, Guang. Incidence and prognosis factors of extragonadal choriocarcinoma in males: a population-based study. Cancer Management and Research. 2018-10-15, 10 [2024-01-04]. ISSN 1179-1322. PMC 6197831 . PMID 30410393. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S175948. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Jenkins, John S. The Lost Voice: A History of the Castrato: St George’s Hospital Medical School, London, UK. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2000-12-01, 13 (s2) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 2191-0251. doi:10.1515/jpem-2000-s625. （原始内容存档于2022-12-01）（英语）.
Sulak, Michael; Fong, Lindsey; Mika, Katelyn; Chigurupati, Sravanthi; Yon, Lisa; Mongan, Nigel P; Emes, Richard D; Lynch, Vincent J. Espinosa, Joaquín M , 编. TP53 copy number expansion is associated with the evolution of increased body size and an enhanced DNA damage response in elephants. eLife. 2016-09-19, 5 [2024-01-05]. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5061548 . PMID 27642012. doi:10.7554/eLife.11994. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Vollrath, Fritz. Uncoupling elephant TP53 and cancer. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2023-08, 38 (8) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0169-5347. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2023.05.011. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Beaupré, Christine E.; Tressler, Corinna J.; Beaupré, Steven J.; Morgan, James L.M.; Bottje, Walter G.; Kirby, John D. Determination of Testis Temperature Rhythms and Effects of Constant Light on Testicular Function in the Domestic Fowl (Gallus domesticus)1. Biology of Reproduction. 1997-06-01, 56 (6) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0006-3363. doi:10.1095/biolreprod56.6.1570. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Padhi, Abinash; Ghaly, Mona M.; Ma, Li. Testis-enriched heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2): Adaptive advantages of the birds with internal testes over the mammals with testicular descent. Scientific Reports. 2016-01-06, 6 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4702119 . PMID 26733092. doi:10.1038/srep18770. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Mezquita, Belen; Mezquita, Cristóbal; Mezquita, Jovita. Marked differences between avian and mammalian testicular cells in the heat shock induction and polyadenylation of Hsp70 and ubiquitin transcripts. FEBS Letters. 1998-10-09, 436 (3) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0014-5793. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01172-7. （原始内容存档于2024-01-05）（英语）.
Pezenti, Larissa Forim; Levy, Sheila Michele; de Souza, Rogério Fernandes; Sosa-Gómez, Daniel Ricardo; da Rosa, Renata. Testes morphology and the identification of transcripts of the hormonal pathways of the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Arthropod Structure & Development. 2021-11-01, 65 [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1467-8039. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2021.101111. （原始内容存档于2024-03-13）.
Vahed, Karim; Parker, Darren J.; Gilbert, James D. J. Larger testes are associated with a higher level of polyandry, but a smaller ejaculate volume, across bushcricket species (Tettigoniidae). Biology Letters. 2011-04-23, 7 (2) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 3061181 . PMID 21068028. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0840. （原始内容存档于2023-01-10）（英语）.

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Hutson, John M.; Balic, Adam; Nation, Tamara; Southwell, Bridget. Cryptorchidism. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery. 2010-08, 19 (3) [2024-02-11]. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.04.001. （原始内容存档于2022-12-08）（英语）.

genecards.org

DMRT1基因-两性和Mab-3相关转录因子1 DMRT1 Gene - Doublesex And Mab-3 Related Transcription Factor 1. Gene Card. 2023-10-04 [2024-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-19）（英语）.

imrpress.com

Liu, Yi-Xun. Temperature control of spermatogenesis and prospect of male contraception. Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar. 2010-01-01, 2 (2) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 1945-0516. doi:10.2741/S97. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.

ltn.com.tw

ec.ltn.com.tw

自由時報電子報. 「人均財富554萬」民眾：男女平均也有1顆睪丸 - 自由財經. ec.ltn.com.tw. 2016-11-24 [2024-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-05）.

mdpi.com

Singchat, Worapong; Ahmad, Syed Farhan; Laopichienpong, Nararat; Suntronpong, Aorarat; Panthum, Thitipong; Griffin, Darren K.; Srikulnath, Kornsorn. Snake W Sex Chromosome: The Shadow of Ancestral Amniote Super-Sex Chromosome. Cells. 2020-11, 9 (11) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 2073-4409. PMC 7692289 . PMID 33142713. doi:10.3390/cells9112386. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）（英语）.
Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; Yano, Cassia Fernanda; Sember, Alexandr; Bertollo, Luiz Antônio Carlos. Chromosomal Evolution in Lower Vertebrates: Sex Chromosomes in Neotropical Fishes. Genes. 2017-10, 8 (10) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 5664108 . PMID 28981468. doi:10.3390/genes8100258. （原始内容存档于2024-02-09）（英语）.

nature.com

Murat, Florent; Mbengue, Noe; Winge, Sofia Boeg; Trefzer, Timo; Leushkin, Evgeny; Sepp, Mari; Cardoso-Moreira, Margarida; Schmidt, Julia; Schneider, Celine; Mößinger, Katharina; Brüning, Thoomke. The molecular evolution of spermatogenesis across mammals. Nature. 2023-01, 613 (7943) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05547-7. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Nanda, Indrajit; Shan, Zhihong; Schartl, Manfred; Burt, Dave W.; Koehler, Michael; Nothwang, Hans-Gerd; Grützner, Frank; Paton, Ian R.; Windsor, Dawn; Dunn, Ian; Engel, Wolfgang. 300 million years of conserved synteny between chicken Z and human chromosome 9. Nature Genetics. 1999-03, 21 (3) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1546-1718. doi:10.1038/6769. （原始内容存档于2022-12-08）（英语）.
XX-XO system | Learn Science at Scitable. www.nature.com. [2024-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-05）（英语）.
Hirano, Kodai; Nonami, Yuta; Nakamura, Yoshiaki; Sato, Toshiyuki; Sato, Takuya; Ishiguro, Kei-ichiro; Ogawa, Takehiko; Yoshida, Shosei. Temperature sensitivity of DNA double-strand break repair underpins heat-induced meiotic failure in mouse spermatogenesis. Communications Biology. 2022-05-26, 5 (1) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 9135715 . PMID 35618762. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03449-y. （原始内容存档于2024-02-14）（英语）.
Padhi, Abinash; Ghaly, Mona M.; Ma, Li. Testis-enriched heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2): Adaptive advantages of the birds with internal testes over the mammals with testicular descent. Scientific Reports. 2016-01-06, 6 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4702119 . PMID 26733092. doi:10.1038/srep18770. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.

nejm.org

Kawaichi, George K.; Cooper, Philip; O'Donnell, Harold F. Monorchism: A Report of Two Cases. New England Journal of Medicine. 1949-03-03, 240 (9) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0028-4793. doi:10.1056/NEJM194903032400905. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Miller, Jr, William B.; Torday, John S. Reappraising the exteriorization of the mammalian testes through evolutionary physiology. Communicative & Integrative Biology. 2019-01-01, 12 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1942-0889. PMC 6527184 . PMID 31143362. doi:10.1080/19420889.2019.1586047. （原始内容存档于2024-01-05）（英语）.
Aladamat, Nameer; Tadi, Prasanna. Histology, Leydig Cells. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2023 [2023-12-30]. PMID 32310467. （原始内容存档于2023-11-23）.
Nassar, George N.; Leslie, Stephen W. Physiology, Testosterone. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2023 [2023-12-30]. PMID 30252384. （原始内容存档于2023-10-02）.
Barry R Zirkin and Vassilios Papadopoulos. Conversion of Cholesterol to Androgens by Rat Testes: Comparison of Interstitial Cells and Seminiferous Tubules. academic.oup.com. [2023-12-30]. PMC 6044347 . PMID 29566165. doi:10.1093/biolre/ioy059. （原始内容存档于2024-01-03）.
Titi-Lartey, Owuraku A.; Khan, Yusuf S. Embryology, Testicle. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2023 [2024-01-03]. PMID 32491695. （原始内容存档于2023-04-27）.
Marsudi, Bagas A.; Kartapradja, Hannie; Paramayuda, Chrysantine; Batubara, Jose R. L.; Harahap, Alida R.; Marzuki, Nanis S. Loss of DMRT1 gene in a Mos 45,XY,-9[8]/46,XY,r(9)[29]/47,XY,+idic r(9)× 2[1]/46,XY,idic r(9)[1]/46,XY[1] female presenting with short stature. Molecular Cytogenetics. 2018-05-08, 11 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1755-8166. PMC 5941566 . PMID 29760778. doi:10.1186/s13039-018-0379-z. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Zarkower, David; Murphy, Mark W. DMRT1: An Ancient Sexual Regulator Required for Human Gonadogenesis. Sexual Development. 2021-09-01, 16 (2-3) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1661-5425. PMC 8885888 . PMID 34515237. doi:10.1159/000518272. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Singchat, Worapong; Ahmad, Syed Farhan; Laopichienpong, Nararat; Suntronpong, Aorarat; Panthum, Thitipong; Griffin, Darren K.; Srikulnath, Kornsorn. Snake W Sex Chromosome: The Shadow of Ancestral Amniote Super-Sex Chromosome. Cells. 2020-11, 9 (11) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 2073-4409. PMC 7692289 . PMID 33142713. doi:10.3390/cells9112386. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）（英语）.
Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; Yano, Cassia Fernanda; Sember, Alexandr; Bertollo, Luiz Antônio Carlos. Chromosomal Evolution in Lower Vertebrates: Sex Chromosomes in Neotropical Fishes. Genes. 2017-10, 8 (10) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 5664108 . PMID 28981468. doi:10.3390/genes8100258. （原始内容存档于2024-02-09）（英语）.
Heyns, C F. The gubernaculum during testicular descent in the human fetus.. Journal of Anatomy. 1987-08, 153 [2024-01-03]. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 1261785 . PMID 2892824. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Leslie, Stephen W.; Sajjad, Hussain; Villanueva, Carlos A. Cryptorchidism. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2023 [2024-01-03]. PMID 29261861. （原始内容存档于2023-04-04）.
O'Donnell, Liza; Stanton, Peter; de Kretser, David M. Endocrinology of the Male Reproductive System and Spermatogenesis. Feingold, Kenneth R. (编). Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc. 2000 [2023-12-30]. PMID 25905260. （原始内容存档于2023-07-14）.
Hirano, Kodai; Nonami, Yuta; Nakamura, Yoshiaki; Sato, Toshiyuki; Sato, Takuya; Ishiguro, Kei-ichiro; Ogawa, Takehiko; Yoshida, Shosei. Temperature sensitivity of DNA double-strand break repair underpins heat-induced meiotic failure in mouse spermatogenesis. Communications Biology. 2022-05-26, 5 (1) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 9135715 . PMID 35618762. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03449-y. （原始内容存档于2024-02-14）（英语）.
Abdelhamid, Mohamed Hadi Mohamed; Walschaerts, Marie; Ahmad, Gulfam; Mieusset, Roger; Bujan, Louis; Hamdi, Safouane. Mild experimental increase in testis and epididymis temperature in men: effects on sperm morphology according to spermatogenesis stages. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2019-12, 8 (6) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 2223-4691. PMC 6987600 . PMID 32038961. doi:10.21037/tau.2019.11.18. （原始内容存档于2024-01-04）.
Alfano, Massimo; Ferrarese, Roberto; Locatelli, Irene; Ventimiglia, Eugenio; Ippolito, Silvia; Gallina, Pierangela; Cesana, Daniela; Canducci, Filippo; Pagliardini, Luca; Viganò, Paola; Clementi, Massimo. Testicular microbiome in azoospermic men—first evidence of the impact of an altered microenvironment. Human Reproduction. 2018-05-30, 33 (7). ISSN 0268-1161. PMC 6012977 . PMID 29850857. doi:10.1093/humrep/dey116.
Weng, Shun-Long; Chiu, Chih-Min; Lin, Feng-Mao; Huang, Wei-Chih; Liang, Chao; Yang, Ting; Yang, Tzu-Ling; Liu, Chia-Yu; Wu, Wei-Yun; Chang, Yi-An; Chang, Tzu-Hao. Abdo, Zaid , 编. Bacterial Communities in Semen from Men of Infertile Couples: Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals Relationships of Seminal Microbiota to Semen Quality. PLoS ONE. 2014-10-23, 9 (10) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4207690 . PMID 25340531. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110152. （原始内容存档于2024-03-13）（英语）.
Yan, Xiaowei; Feng, Yanni; Hao, Yanan; Zhong, Ruqing; Jiang, Yue; Tang, Xiangfang; Lu, Dongxin; Fang, Hanhan; Agarwal, Manjree; Chen, Liang; Zhao, Yong. Seedorf, Henning , 编. Gut-Testis Axis: Microbiota Prime Metabolome To Increase Sperm Quality in Young Type 2 Diabetes. Microbiology Spectrum. 2022-10-26, 10 (5) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 2165-0497. PMC 9603910 . PMID 36214691. doi:10.1128/spectrum.01423-22. （原始内容存档于2022-12-31）（英语）.
Zhang, Teng; Sun, Peng; Geng, Qi; Fan, Haitao; Gong, Yutian; Hu, Yanting; Shan, Liying; Sun, Yuanchao; Shen, Wei; Zhou, Yang. Disrupted spermatogenesis in a metabolic syndrome model: the role of vitamin A metabolism in the gut–testis axis. Gut. 2022-01-01, 71 (1) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 0017-5749. PMC 8666830 . PMID 33504491. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323347. （原始内容存档于2022-11-27）（英语）.
Randhawa, Harkanwal; Blankstein, Udi; Davies, Timothy. Scrotal trauma: A case report and review of the literature. Canadian Urological Association Journal. 2019-06, 13 (6 Suppl4) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 1911-6470. PMC 6565400 . PMID 31194930. doi:10.5489/cuaj.5981. （原始内容存档于2022-12-28）.
Bauer, Natasha J. G. Case report: Traumatic unilateral testicular rupture. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2016-01-01, 25 [2024-01-04]. ISSN 2210-2612. PMC 4925437 . PMID 27340802. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.05.059. （原始内容存档于2024-01-04）.
Tsuchiya, T.; Nishino, Y.; Takahashi, Y.; Deguchi, T. [Testicular pure teratoma: a case report]. Hinyokika Kiyo. Acta Urologica Japonica. 2001-02, 47 (2) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 0018-1994. PMID 11280884. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Farci, Fabiola; Shamsudeen, Shafeek. Testicular Teratoma. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2023 [2024-01-04]. PMID 33620805. （原始内容存档于2021-11-15）.
Qiu, Jingping; Jia, Shi; Li, Guang. Incidence and prognosis factors of extragonadal choriocarcinoma in males: a population-based study. Cancer Management and Research. 2018-10-15, 10 [2024-01-04]. ISSN 1179-1322. PMC 6197831 . PMID 30410393. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S175948. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Sulak, Michael; Fong, Lindsey; Mika, Katelyn; Chigurupati, Sravanthi; Yon, Lisa; Mongan, Nigel P; Emes, Richard D; Lynch, Vincent J. Espinosa, Joaquín M , 编. TP53 copy number expansion is associated with the evolution of increased body size and an enhanced DNA damage response in elephants. eLife. 2016-09-19, 5 [2024-01-05]. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5061548 . PMID 27642012. doi:10.7554/eLife.11994. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Padhi, Abinash; Ghaly, Mona M.; Ma, Li. Testis-enriched heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2): Adaptive advantages of the birds with internal testes over the mammals with testicular descent. Scientific Reports. 2016-01-06, 6 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4702119 . PMID 26733092. doi:10.1038/srep18770. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Vahed, Karim; Parker, Darren J.; Gilbert, James D. J. Larger testes are associated with a higher level of polyandry, but a smaller ejaculate volume, across bushcricket species (Tettigoniidae). Biology Letters. 2011-04-23, 7 (2) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 3061181 . PMID 21068028. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0840. （原始内容存档于2023-01-10）（英语）.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tsuchiya, T.; Nishino, Y.; Takahashi, Y.; Deguchi, T. [Testicular pure teratoma: a case report]. Hinyokika Kiyo. Acta Urologica Japonica. 2001-02, 47 (2) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 0018-1994. PMID 11280884. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Hall, P. F.; Irby, D. C.; Kretser, D. M. De. Conversion of Cholesterol to Androgens by Rat Testes: Comparison of Interstitial Cells and Seminiferous Tubules. Endocrinology. 1969-03, 84 (3) [2023-12-30]. ISSN 0013-7227. doi:10.1210/endo-84-3-488. （原始内容存档于2023-12-04）（英语）.
Barry R Zirkin and Vassilios Papadopoulos. Conversion of Cholesterol to Androgens by Rat Testes: Comparison of Interstitial Cells and Seminiferous Tubules. academic.oup.com. [2023-12-30]. PMC 6044347 . PMID 29566165. doi:10.1093/biolre/ioy059. （原始内容存档于2024-01-03）.

plos.org

dx.plos.org

Weng, Shun-Long; Chiu, Chih-Min; Lin, Feng-Mao; Huang, Wei-Chih; Liang, Chao; Yang, Ting; Yang, Tzu-Ling; Liu, Chia-Yu; Wu, Wei-Yun; Chang, Yi-An; Chang, Tzu-Hao. Abdo, Zaid , 编. Bacterial Communities in Semen from Men of Infertile Couples: Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals Relationships of Seminal Microbiota to Semen Quality. PLoS ONE. 2014-10-23, 9 (10) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4207690 . PMID 25340531. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110152. （原始内容存档于2024-03-13）（英语）.

royalsocietypublishing.org

Vahed, Karim; Parker, Darren J.; Gilbert, James D. J. Larger testes are associated with a higher level of polyandry, but a smaller ejaculate volume, across bushcricket species (Tettigoniidae). Biology Letters. 2011-04-23, 7 (2) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 3061181 . PMID 21068028. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0840. （原始内容存档于2023-01-10）（英语）.

science.org

Ge, Chutian; Ye, Jian; Weber, Ceri; Sun, Wei; Zhang, Haiyan; Zhou, Yingjie; Cai, Cheng; Qian, Guoying; Capel, Blanche. The histone demethylase KDM6B regulates temperature-dependent sex determination in a turtle species. Science. 2018-05-11, 360 (6389) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.aap8328. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）（英语）.

sciencedirect.com

Gamete Transport. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. 2014-01-01 [2023-12-30]. ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.05427-1. （原始内容存档于2017-08-30）.
Carlson, Bruce M. Chapter 2 - Transport of Gametes and Fertilization. Carlson, Bruce M. (编). Human Embryology and Developmental Biology (Fifth Edition). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 2014-01-01: 24–36. ISBN 978-1-4557-2794-0. doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2794-0.00002-4.
Courtois, Frédérique; Charvier, Kathleen. Chapter 13 - Sexual dysfunction in patients with spinal cord lesions. Vodušek, David B. (编). Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Neurology of Sexual and Bladder Disorders 130. Elsevier. 2015-01-01: 225–245. doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63247-0.00013-4.
Nakamura, Masahisa. Sex determination in amphibians. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. Environmental Regulation of Sex Dtermination in Vertebrates. 2009-05-01, 20 (3) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 1084-9521. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.10.003. （原始内容存档于2012-03-07）.
Mitchell, Barry; Sharma, Ram. Chapter 9 - The reproductive system. Mitchell, Barry (编). Embryology (Second Edition). Churchill Livingstone. 2009-01-01: 53–58 [2024-01-03]. ISBN 978-0-7020-3225-7. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3225-7.50012-9. （原始内容存档于2022-01-05）.
Deviche, Pierre; Hurley, Laura L.; Fokidis, H. Bobby. Chapter 2 - Avian Testicular Structure, Function, and Regulation. Norris, David O. (编). Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates. London: Academic Press. 2011-01-01: 27–70 [2023-12-31]. ISBN 978-0-12-374929-1. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374929-1.10002-2. （原始内容存档于2022-10-24）.
Wright, William W. 10 - Stage-specific gene expression by Sertoli cells. Griswold, Michael D. (编). Sertoli Cell Biology (Second Edition). Oxford: Academic Press. 2015-01-01: 273–306. ISBN 978-0-12-417047-6. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417047-6.00010-7.
Kustritz, MARGARET V. ROOT. 22 - Anatomy and Normal Reproductive Physiology. Kustritz, MARGARET V. ROOT (编). The Dog Breeder's Guide to Successful Breeding and Health Management. Saint Louis: W.B. Saunders. 2006-01-01: 314–321. ISBN 978-1-4160-3139-0. doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3139-0.50026-2.
de Kretser, David M.; Loveland, Kate; O’Bryan, Moira. Chapter 136 - Spermatogenesis. Jameson, J. Larry (编). Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric (Seventh Edition). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 2016-01-01: 2325–2353.e9 [2023-12-31]. ISBN 978-0-323-18907-1. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00136-0. （原始内容存档于2022-04-03）.
Creasy, Dianne M.; Chapin, Robert E. Chapter 17 - Male Reproductive System. Wallig, Matthew A. (编). Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology (Third Edition). Academic Press. 2018-01-01: 459–516 [2023-12-31]. ISBN 978-0-12-809841-7. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809841-7.00017-4. （原始内容存档于2021-12-18）.
Cameron, D. F.; Hudson, J. C. Testicular Function. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. 2014-01-01. ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.00266-x.
Haschek, Wanda M.; Rousseaux, Colin G.; Wallig, Matthew A. Chapter 18 - Male Reproductive System. Haschek, Wanda M. (编). Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology (Second Edition). San Diego: Academic Press. 2010-01-01: 553–597 [2023-12-31]. ISBN 978-0-12-370469-6. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-370469-6.00018-0. （原始内容存档于2022-03-13）.
Kustritz, MARGARET V. ROOT. 22 - Anatomy and Normal Reproductive Physiology. Kustritz, MARGARET V. ROOT (编). The Dog Breeder's Guide to Successful Breeding and Health Management. Saint Louis: W.B. Saunders. 2006-01-01: 314–321. ISBN 978-1-4160-3139-0. doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3139-0.50026-2.
Bauer, Natasha J. G. Case report: Traumatic unilateral testicular rupture. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2016-01-01, 25 [2024-01-04]. ISSN 2210-2612. PMC 4925437 . PMID 27340802. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.05.059. （原始内容存档于2024-01-04）.
Pezenti, Larissa Forim; Levy, Sheila Michele; de Souza, Rogério Fernandes; Sosa-Gómez, Daniel Ricardo; da Rosa, Renata. Testes morphology and the identification of transcripts of the hormonal pathways of the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Arthropod Structure & Development. 2021-11-01, 65 [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1467-8039. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2021.101111. （原始内容存档于2024-03-13）.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Bedford, J. Michael. Effects of Elevated Temperature on the Epididymis and Testis: Experimental Studies. Zorgniotti, Adrian W. (编). Temperature and Environmental Effects on the Testis 286. Boston, MA: Springer US. 1991: 19–32 [2024-01-04]. ISBN 978-1-4684-5915-9. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5913-5_3. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.

tandfonline.com

Miller, Jr, William B.; Torday, John S. Reappraising the exteriorization of the mammalian testes through evolutionary physiology. Communicative & Integrative Biology. 2019-01-01, 12 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1942-0889. PMC 6527184 . PMID 31143362. doi:10.1080/19420889.2019.1586047. （原始内容存档于2024-01-05）（英语）.
Joshi, U. M. Endocrine and Accessory Sex Organ Function After Vasectomy and Vasovasostomy. Archives of Andrology. 1981-01, 7 (2) [2024-01-07]. ISSN 0148-5016. doi:10.3109/01485018108999306. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.

teachmeanatomy.info

The Testes and Epididymis - Structure - Vasculature - TeachMeAnatomy. teachmeanatomy.info. [2023-12-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-29）.

web.archive.org

Murat, Florent; Mbengue, Noe; Winge, Sofia Boeg; Trefzer, Timo; Leushkin, Evgeny; Sepp, Mari; Cardoso-Moreira, Margarida; Schmidt, Julia; Schneider, Celine; Mößinger, Katharina; Brüning, Thoomke. The molecular evolution of spermatogenesis across mammals. Nature. 2023-01, 613 (7943) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05547-7. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Miller, Jr, William B.; Torday, John S. Reappraising the exteriorization of the mammalian testes through evolutionary physiology. Communicative & Integrative Biology. 2019-01-01, 12 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1942-0889. PMC 6527184 . PMID 31143362. doi:10.1080/19420889.2019.1586047. （原始内容存档于2024-01-05）（英语）.
The Testes and Epididymis - Structure - Vasculature - TeachMeAnatomy. teachmeanatomy.info. [2023-12-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-29）.
Gamete Transport. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. 2014-01-01 [2023-12-30]. ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.05427-1. （原始内容存档于2017-08-30）.
Müller, Alexander; Mulhall, John P. Erection, emission, and ejaculation:: mechanisms of control. Niederberger, Craig S. (编). Infertility in the Male 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2009: 132–152 [2023-12-30]. ISBN 978-0-511-63565-6. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511635656.010. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Hall, P. F.; Irby, D. C.; Kretser, D. M. De. Conversion of Cholesterol to Androgens by Rat Testes: Comparison of Interstitial Cells and Seminiferous Tubules. Endocrinology. 1969-03, 84 (3) [2023-12-30]. ISSN 0013-7227. doi:10.1210/endo-84-3-488. （原始内容存档于2023-12-04）（英语）.
Aladamat, Nameer; Tadi, Prasanna. Histology, Leydig Cells. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2023 [2023-12-30]. PMID 32310467. （原始内容存档于2023-11-23）.
Testosterone | You and Your Hormones from the Society for Endocrinology. www.yourhormones.info. [2023-12-30]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-10）.
Nassar, George N.; Leslie, Stephen W. Physiology, Testosterone. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2023 [2023-12-30]. PMID 30252384. （原始内容存档于2023-10-02）.
Barry R Zirkin and Vassilios Papadopoulos. Conversion of Cholesterol to Androgens by Rat Testes: Comparison of Interstitial Cells and Seminiferous Tubules. academic.oup.com. [2023-12-30]. PMC 6044347 . PMID 29566165. doi:10.1093/biolre/ioy059. （原始内容存档于2024-01-03）.
Titi-Lartey, Owuraku A.; Khan, Yusuf S. Embryology, Testicle. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2023 [2024-01-03]. PMID 32491695. （原始内容存档于2023-04-27）.
Nanda, Indrajit; Shan, Zhihong; Schartl, Manfred; Burt, Dave W.; Koehler, Michael; Nothwang, Hans-Gerd; Grützner, Frank; Paton, Ian R.; Windsor, Dawn; Dunn, Ian; Engel, Wolfgang. 300 million years of conserved synteny between chicken Z and human chromosome 9. Nature Genetics. 1999-03, 21 (3) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1546-1718. doi:10.1038/6769. （原始内容存档于2022-12-08）（英语）.
DMRT1基因-两性和Mab-3相关转录因子1 DMRT1 Gene - Doublesex And Mab-3 Related Transcription Factor 1. Gene Card. 2023-10-04 [2024-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-19）（英语）.
Marsudi, Bagas A.; Kartapradja, Hannie; Paramayuda, Chrysantine; Batubara, Jose R. L.; Harahap, Alida R.; Marzuki, Nanis S. Loss of DMRT1 gene in a Mos 45,XY,-9[8]/46,XY,r(9)[29]/47,XY,+idic r(9)× 2[1]/46,XY,idic r(9)[1]/46,XY[1] female presenting with short stature. Molecular Cytogenetics. 2018-05-08, 11 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1755-8166. PMC 5941566 . PMID 29760778. doi:10.1186/s13039-018-0379-z. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Zarkower, David; Murphy, Mark W. DMRT1: An Ancient Sexual Regulator Required for Human Gonadogenesis. Sexual Development. 2021-09-01, 16 (2-3) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1661-5425. PMC 8885888 . PMID 34515237. doi:10.1159/000518272. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Singchat, Worapong; Ahmad, Syed Farhan; Laopichienpong, Nararat; Suntronpong, Aorarat; Panthum, Thitipong; Griffin, Darren K.; Srikulnath, Kornsorn. Snake W Sex Chromosome: The Shadow of Ancestral Amniote Super-Sex Chromosome. Cells. 2020-11, 9 (11) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 2073-4409. PMC 7692289 . PMID 33142713. doi:10.3390/cells9112386. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）（英语）.
Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; Yano, Cassia Fernanda; Sember, Alexandr; Bertollo, Luiz Antônio Carlos. Chromosomal Evolution in Lower Vertebrates: Sex Chromosomes in Neotropical Fishes. Genes. 2017-10, 8 (10) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 5664108 . PMID 28981468. doi:10.3390/genes8100258. （原始内容存档于2024-02-09）（英语）.
Nakamura, Masahisa. Sex determination in amphibians. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. Environmental Regulation of Sex Dtermination in Vertebrates. 2009-05-01, 20 (3) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 1084-9521. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.10.003. （原始内容存档于2012-03-07）.
Yoshimoto, Shin; Ito, Michihiko. A ZZ/ZW‐type sex determination in Xenopus laevis. The FEBS Journal. 2011-04, 278 (7) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 1742-464X. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08031.x. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）（英语）.
Ge, Chutian; Ye, Jian; Weber, Ceri; Sun, Wei; Zhang, Haiyan; Zhou, Yingjie; Cai, Cheng; Qian, Guoying; Capel, Blanche. The histone demethylase KDM6B regulates temperature-dependent sex determination in a turtle species. Science. 2018-05-11, 360 (6389) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.aap8328. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）（英语）.
XX-XO system | Learn Science at Scitable. www.nature.com. [2024-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-05）（英语）.
Heyns, C F. The gubernaculum during testicular descent in the human fetus.. Journal of Anatomy. 1987-08, 153 [2024-01-03]. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 1261785 . PMID 2892824. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Mitchell, Barry; Sharma, Ram. Chapter 9 - The reproductive system. Mitchell, Barry (编). Embryology (Second Edition). Churchill Livingstone. 2009-01-01: 53–58 [2024-01-03]. ISBN 978-0-7020-3225-7. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3225-7.50012-9. （原始内容存档于2022-01-05）.
Hutson, JohnM. A BIPHASIC MODEL FOR THE HORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR DESCENT. The Lancet. 1985-08, 326 (8452) [2024-01-03]. ISSN 0140-6736. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92739-4. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Leslie, Stephen W.; Sajjad, Hussain; Villanueva, Carlos A. Cryptorchidism. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2023 [2024-01-03]. PMID 29261861. （原始内容存档于2023-04-04）.
Hutson, John M.; Balic, Adam; Nation, Tamara; Southwell, Bridget. Cryptorchidism. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery. 2010-08, 19 (3) [2024-02-11]. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.04.001. （原始内容存档于2022-12-08）（英语）.
O'Donnell, Liza; Stanton, Peter; de Kretser, David M. Endocrinology of the Male Reproductive System and Spermatogenesis. Feingold, Kenneth R. (编). Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc. 2000 [2023-12-30]. PMID 25905260. （原始内容存档于2023-07-14）.
Kawaichi, George K.; Cooper, Philip; O'Donnell, Harold F. Monorchism: A Report of Two Cases. New England Journal of Medicine. 1949-03-03, 240 (9) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0028-4793. doi:10.1056/NEJM194903032400905. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Joshi, U. M. Endocrine and Accessory Sex Organ Function After Vasectomy and Vasovasostomy. Archives of Andrology. 1981-01, 7 (2) [2024-01-07]. ISSN 0148-5016. doi:10.3109/01485018108999306. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Deviche, Pierre; Hurley, Laura L.; Fokidis, H. Bobby. Chapter 2 - Avian Testicular Structure, Function, and Regulation. Norris, David O. (编). Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates. London: Academic Press. 2011-01-01: 27–70 [2023-12-31]. ISBN 978-0-12-374929-1. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374929-1.10002-2. （原始内容存档于2022-10-24）.
de Kretser, David M.; Loveland, Kate; O’Bryan, Moira. Chapter 136 - Spermatogenesis. Jameson, J. Larry (编). Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric (Seventh Edition). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 2016-01-01: 2325–2353.e9 [2023-12-31]. ISBN 978-0-323-18907-1. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00136-0. （原始内容存档于2022-04-03）.
Creasy, Dianne M.; Chapin, Robert E. Chapter 17 - Male Reproductive System. Wallig, Matthew A. (编). Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology (Third Edition). Academic Press. 2018-01-01: 459–516 [2023-12-31]. ISBN 978-0-12-809841-7. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809841-7.00017-4. （原始内容存档于2021-12-18）.
Haschek, Wanda M.; Rousseaux, Colin G.; Wallig, Matthew A. Chapter 18 - Male Reproductive System. Haschek, Wanda M. (编). Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology (Second Edition). San Diego: Academic Press. 2010-01-01: 553–597 [2023-12-31]. ISBN 978-0-12-370469-6. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-370469-6.00018-0. （原始内容存档于2022-03-13）.
Liu, Yi-Xun. Temperature control of spermatogenesis and prospect of male contraception. Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar. 2010-01-01, 2 (2) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 1945-0516. doi:10.2741/S97. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Mieusset, R.; Bujan, L. Testicular heating and its possible contributions to male infertility: a review. International Journal of Andrology. 1995-08, 18 (4) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 0105-6263. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1995.tb00408.x. （原始内容存档于2024-01-04）（英语）.
Hirano, Kodai; Nonami, Yuta; Nakamura, Yoshiaki; Sato, Toshiyuki; Sato, Takuya; Ishiguro, Kei-ichiro; Ogawa, Takehiko; Yoshida, Shosei. Temperature sensitivity of DNA double-strand break repair underpins heat-induced meiotic failure in mouse spermatogenesis. Communications Biology. 2022-05-26, 5 (1) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 9135715 . PMID 35618762. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03449-y. （原始内容存档于2024-02-14）（英语）.
Bedford, J. Michael. Effects of Elevated Temperature on the Epididymis and Testis: Experimental Studies. Zorgniotti, Adrian W. (编). Temperature and Environmental Effects on the Testis 286. Boston, MA: Springer US. 1991: 19–32 [2024-01-04]. ISBN 978-1-4684-5915-9. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5913-5_3. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Abdelhamid, Mohamed Hadi Mohamed; Walschaerts, Marie; Ahmad, Gulfam; Mieusset, Roger; Bujan, Louis; Hamdi, Safouane. Mild experimental increase in testis and epididymis temperature in men: effects on sperm morphology according to spermatogenesis stages. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2019-12, 8 (6) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 2223-4691. PMC 6987600 . PMID 32038961. doi:10.21037/tau.2019.11.18. （原始内容存档于2024-01-04）.
Weng, Shun-Long; Chiu, Chih-Min; Lin, Feng-Mao; Huang, Wei-Chih; Liang, Chao; Yang, Ting; Yang, Tzu-Ling; Liu, Chia-Yu; Wu, Wei-Yun; Chang, Yi-An; Chang, Tzu-Hao. Abdo, Zaid , 编. Bacterial Communities in Semen from Men of Infertile Couples: Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals Relationships of Seminal Microbiota to Semen Quality. PLoS ONE. 2014-10-23, 9 (10) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4207690 . PMID 25340531. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110152. （原始内容存档于2024-03-13）（英语）.
Yan, Xiaowei; Feng, Yanni; Hao, Yanan; Zhong, Ruqing; Jiang, Yue; Tang, Xiangfang; Lu, Dongxin; Fang, Hanhan; Agarwal, Manjree; Chen, Liang; Zhao, Yong. Seedorf, Henning , 编. Gut-Testis Axis: Microbiota Prime Metabolome To Increase Sperm Quality in Young Type 2 Diabetes. Microbiology Spectrum. 2022-10-26, 10 (5) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 2165-0497. PMC 9603910 . PMID 36214691. doi:10.1128/spectrum.01423-22. （原始内容存档于2022-12-31）（英语）.
Zhang, Teng; Sun, Peng; Geng, Qi; Fan, Haitao; Gong, Yutian; Hu, Yanting; Shan, Liying; Sun, Yuanchao; Shen, Wei; Zhou, Yang. Disrupted spermatogenesis in a metabolic syndrome model: the role of vitamin A metabolism in the gut–testis axis. Gut. 2022-01-01, 71 (1) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 0017-5749. PMC 8666830 . PMID 33504491. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323347. （原始内容存档于2022-11-27）（英语）.
Martinot, Emmanuelle; Thirouard, Laura; Holota, Hélène; Monrose, Mélusine; Garcia, Manon; Beaudoin, Claude; Volle, David H. Intestinal microbiota defines the GUT-TESTIS axis. Gut. 2022-04, 71 (4) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 0017-5749. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324690. （原始内容存档于2024-03-13）（英语）.
Randhawa, Harkanwal; Blankstein, Udi; Davies, Timothy. Scrotal trauma: A case report and review of the literature. Canadian Urological Association Journal. 2019-06, 13 (6 Suppl4) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 1911-6470. PMC 6565400 . PMID 31194930. doi:10.5489/cuaj.5981. （原始内容存档于2022-12-28）.
Bauer, Natasha J. G. Case report: Traumatic unilateral testicular rupture. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2016-01-01, 25 [2024-01-04]. ISSN 2210-2612. PMC 4925437 . PMID 27340802. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.05.059. （原始内容存档于2024-01-04）.
Tsuchiya, T.; Nishino, Y.; Takahashi, Y.; Deguchi, T. [Testicular pure teratoma: a case report]. Hinyokika Kiyo. Acta Urologica Japonica. 2001-02, 47 (2) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 0018-1994. PMID 11280884. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Farci, Fabiola; Shamsudeen, Shafeek. Testicular Teratoma. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2023 [2024-01-04]. PMID 33620805. （原始内容存档于2021-11-15）.
Qiu, Jingping; Jia, Shi; Li, Guang. Incidence and prognosis factors of extragonadal choriocarcinoma in males: a population-based study. Cancer Management and Research. 2018-10-15, 10 [2024-01-04]. ISSN 1179-1322. PMC 6197831 . PMID 30410393. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S175948. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Vern L. Bullough. Encyclopedia of birth control. ABC-CLIO. 2001: 248 [11 January 2011]. ISBN 1-57607-181-2. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Jenkins, John S. The Lost Voice: A History of the Castrato: St George’s Hospital Medical School, London, UK. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2000-12-01, 13 (s2) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 2191-0251. doi:10.1515/jpem-2000-s625. （原始内容存档于2022-12-01）（英语）.
刘锡诚, 1935-; 王文宝. 蛋. 中国象征辞典第1版. 天津市: 天津教育出版社. 1991: 60–61 [2019-11-21]. ISBN 7-5309-1324-7. OCLC 27114680. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
自由時報電子報. 「人均財富554萬」民眾：男女平均也有1顆睪丸 - 自由財經. ec.ltn.com.tw. 2016-11-24 [2024-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-05）.
Sulak, Michael; Fong, Lindsey; Mika, Katelyn; Chigurupati, Sravanthi; Yon, Lisa; Mongan, Nigel P; Emes, Richard D; Lynch, Vincent J. Espinosa, Joaquín M , 编. TP53 copy number expansion is associated with the evolution of increased body size and an enhanced DNA damage response in elephants. eLife. 2016-09-19, 5 [2024-01-05]. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5061548 . PMID 27642012. doi:10.7554/eLife.11994. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Vollrath, Fritz. Uncoupling elephant TP53 and cancer. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2023-08, 38 (8) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0169-5347. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2023.05.011. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Beaupré, Christine E.; Tressler, Corinna J.; Beaupré, Steven J.; Morgan, James L.M.; Bottje, Walter G.; Kirby, John D. Determination of Testis Temperature Rhythms and Effects of Constant Light on Testicular Function in the Domestic Fowl (Gallus domesticus)1. Biology of Reproduction. 1997-06-01, 56 (6) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0006-3363. doi:10.1095/biolreprod56.6.1570. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Padhi, Abinash; Ghaly, Mona M.; Ma, Li. Testis-enriched heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2): Adaptive advantages of the birds with internal testes over the mammals with testicular descent. Scientific Reports. 2016-01-06, 6 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4702119 . PMID 26733092. doi:10.1038/srep18770. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Mezquita, Belen; Mezquita, Cristóbal; Mezquita, Jovita. Marked differences between avian and mammalian testicular cells in the heat shock induction and polyadenylation of Hsp70 and ubiquitin transcripts. FEBS Letters. 1998-10-09, 436 (3) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0014-5793. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01172-7. （原始内容存档于2024-01-05）（英语）.
Pezenti, Larissa Forim; Levy, Sheila Michele; de Souza, Rogério Fernandes; Sosa-Gómez, Daniel Ricardo; da Rosa, Renata. Testes morphology and the identification of transcripts of the hormonal pathways of the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Arthropod Structure & Development. 2021-11-01, 65 [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1467-8039. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2021.101111. （原始内容存档于2024-03-13）.
Vahed, Karim; Parker, Darren J.; Gilbert, James D. J. Larger testes are associated with a higher level of polyandry, but a smaller ejaculate volume, across bushcricket species (Tettigoniidae). Biology Letters. 2011-04-23, 7 (2) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 3061181 . PMID 21068028. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0840. （原始内容存档于2023-01-10）（英语）.

wiley.com

febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Yoshimoto, Shin; Ito, Michihiko. A ZZ/ZW‐type sex determination in Xenopus laevis. The FEBS Journal. 2011-04, 278 (7) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 1742-464X. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08031.x. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）（英语）.
Mezquita, Belen; Mezquita, Cristóbal; Mezquita, Jovita. Marked differences between avian and mammalian testicular cells in the heat shock induction and polyadenylation of Hsp70 and ubiquitin transcripts. FEBS Letters. 1998-10-09, 436 (3) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0014-5793. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01172-7. （原始内容存档于2024-01-05）（英语）.

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Mieusset, R.; Bujan, L. Testicular heating and its possible contributions to male infertility: a review. International Journal of Andrology. 1995-08, 18 (4) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 0105-6263. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1995.tb00408.x. （原始内容存档于2024-01-04）（英语）.

worldcat.org

Murat, Florent; Mbengue, Noe; Winge, Sofia Boeg; Trefzer, Timo; Leushkin, Evgeny; Sepp, Mari; Cardoso-Moreira, Margarida; Schmidt, Julia; Schneider, Celine; Mößinger, Katharina; Brüning, Thoomke. The molecular evolution of spermatogenesis across mammals. Nature. 2023-01, 613 (7943) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05547-7. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Miller, Jr, William B.; Torday, John S. Reappraising the exteriorization of the mammalian testes through evolutionary physiology. Communicative & Integrative Biology. 2019-01-01, 12 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1942-0889. PMC 6527184 . PMID 31143362. doi:10.1080/19420889.2019.1586047. （原始内容存档于2024-01-05）（英语）.
Hall, P. F.; Irby, D. C.; Kretser, D. M. De. Conversion of Cholesterol to Androgens by Rat Testes: Comparison of Interstitial Cells and Seminiferous Tubules. Endocrinology. 1969-03, 84 (3) [2023-12-30]. ISSN 0013-7227. doi:10.1210/endo-84-3-488. （原始内容存档于2023-12-04）（英语）.
Nanda, Indrajit; Shan, Zhihong; Schartl, Manfred; Burt, Dave W.; Koehler, Michael; Nothwang, Hans-Gerd; Grützner, Frank; Paton, Ian R.; Windsor, Dawn; Dunn, Ian; Engel, Wolfgang. 300 million years of conserved synteny between chicken Z and human chromosome 9. Nature Genetics. 1999-03, 21 (3) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1546-1718. doi:10.1038/6769. （原始内容存档于2022-12-08）（英语）.
Marsudi, Bagas A.; Kartapradja, Hannie; Paramayuda, Chrysantine; Batubara, Jose R. L.; Harahap, Alida R.; Marzuki, Nanis S. Loss of DMRT1 gene in a Mos 45,XY,-9[8]/46,XY,r(9)[29]/47,XY,+idic r(9)× 2[1]/46,XY,idic r(9)[1]/46,XY[1] female presenting with short stature. Molecular Cytogenetics. 2018-05-08, 11 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1755-8166. PMC 5941566 . PMID 29760778. doi:10.1186/s13039-018-0379-z. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Zarkower, David; Murphy, Mark W. DMRT1: An Ancient Sexual Regulator Required for Human Gonadogenesis. Sexual Development. 2021-09-01, 16 (2-3) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1661-5425. PMC 8885888 . PMID 34515237. doi:10.1159/000518272. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Singchat, Worapong; Ahmad, Syed Farhan; Laopichienpong, Nararat; Suntronpong, Aorarat; Panthum, Thitipong; Griffin, Darren K.; Srikulnath, Kornsorn. Snake W Sex Chromosome: The Shadow of Ancestral Amniote Super-Sex Chromosome. Cells. 2020-11, 9 (11) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 2073-4409. PMC 7692289 . PMID 33142713. doi:10.3390/cells9112386. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）（英语）.
Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; Yano, Cassia Fernanda; Sember, Alexandr; Bertollo, Luiz Antônio Carlos. Chromosomal Evolution in Lower Vertebrates: Sex Chromosomes in Neotropical Fishes. Genes. 2017-10, 8 (10) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 5664108 . PMID 28981468. doi:10.3390/genes8100258. （原始内容存档于2024-02-09）（英语）.
Nakamura, Masahisa. Sex determination in amphibians. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. Environmental Regulation of Sex Dtermination in Vertebrates. 2009-05-01, 20 (3) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 1084-9521. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.10.003. （原始内容存档于2012-03-07）.
Yoshimoto, Shin; Ito, Michihiko. A ZZ/ZW‐type sex determination in Xenopus laevis. The FEBS Journal. 2011-04, 278 (7) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 1742-464X. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08031.x. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）（英语）.
Ge, Chutian; Ye, Jian; Weber, Ceri; Sun, Wei; Zhang, Haiyan; Zhou, Yingjie; Cai, Cheng; Qian, Guoying; Capel, Blanche. The histone demethylase KDM6B regulates temperature-dependent sex determination in a turtle species. Science. 2018-05-11, 360 (6389) [2024-01-10]. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.aap8328. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）（英语）.
Heyns, C F. The gubernaculum during testicular descent in the human fetus.. Journal of Anatomy. 1987-08, 153 [2024-01-03]. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 1261785 . PMID 2892824. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Hutson, JohnM. A BIPHASIC MODEL FOR THE HORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR DESCENT. The Lancet. 1985-08, 326 (8452) [2024-01-03]. ISSN 0140-6736. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92739-4. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Kawaichi, George K.; Cooper, Philip; O'Donnell, Harold F. Monorchism: A Report of Two Cases. New England Journal of Medicine. 1949-03-03, 240 (9) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0028-4793. doi:10.1056/NEJM194903032400905. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Joshi, U. M. Endocrine and Accessory Sex Organ Function After Vasectomy and Vasovasostomy. Archives of Andrology. 1981-01, 7 (2) [2024-01-07]. ISSN 0148-5016. doi:10.3109/01485018108999306. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Liu, Yi-Xun. Temperature control of spermatogenesis and prospect of male contraception. Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar. 2010-01-01, 2 (2) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 1945-0516. doi:10.2741/S97. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Mieusset, R.; Bujan, L. Testicular heating and its possible contributions to male infertility: a review. International Journal of Andrology. 1995-08, 18 (4) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 0105-6263. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1995.tb00408.x. （原始内容存档于2024-01-04）（英语）.
Hirano, Kodai; Nonami, Yuta; Nakamura, Yoshiaki; Sato, Toshiyuki; Sato, Takuya; Ishiguro, Kei-ichiro; Ogawa, Takehiko; Yoshida, Shosei. Temperature sensitivity of DNA double-strand break repair underpins heat-induced meiotic failure in mouse spermatogenesis. Communications Biology. 2022-05-26, 5 (1) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 9135715 . PMID 35618762. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03449-y. （原始内容存档于2024-02-14）（英语）.
Abdelhamid, Mohamed Hadi Mohamed; Walschaerts, Marie; Ahmad, Gulfam; Mieusset, Roger; Bujan, Louis; Hamdi, Safouane. Mild experimental increase in testis and epididymis temperature in men: effects on sperm morphology according to spermatogenesis stages. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2019-12, 8 (6) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 2223-4691. PMC 6987600 . PMID 32038961. doi:10.21037/tau.2019.11.18. （原始内容存档于2024-01-04）.
Alfano, Massimo; Ferrarese, Roberto; Locatelli, Irene; Ventimiglia, Eugenio; Ippolito, Silvia; Gallina, Pierangela; Cesana, Daniela; Canducci, Filippo; Pagliardini, Luca; Viganò, Paola; Clementi, Massimo. Testicular microbiome in azoospermic men—first evidence of the impact of an altered microenvironment. Human Reproduction. 2018-05-30, 33 (7). ISSN 0268-1161. PMC 6012977 . PMID 29850857. doi:10.1093/humrep/dey116.
Weng, Shun-Long; Chiu, Chih-Min; Lin, Feng-Mao; Huang, Wei-Chih; Liang, Chao; Yang, Ting; Yang, Tzu-Ling; Liu, Chia-Yu; Wu, Wei-Yun; Chang, Yi-An; Chang, Tzu-Hao. Abdo, Zaid , 编. Bacterial Communities in Semen from Men of Infertile Couples: Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals Relationships of Seminal Microbiota to Semen Quality. PLoS ONE. 2014-10-23, 9 (10) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4207690 . PMID 25340531. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110152. （原始内容存档于2024-03-13）（英语）.
Yan, Xiaowei; Feng, Yanni; Hao, Yanan; Zhong, Ruqing; Jiang, Yue; Tang, Xiangfang; Lu, Dongxin; Fang, Hanhan; Agarwal, Manjree; Chen, Liang; Zhao, Yong. Seedorf, Henning , 编. Gut-Testis Axis: Microbiota Prime Metabolome To Increase Sperm Quality in Young Type 2 Diabetes. Microbiology Spectrum. 2022-10-26, 10 (5) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 2165-0497. PMC 9603910 . PMID 36214691. doi:10.1128/spectrum.01423-22. （原始内容存档于2022-12-31）（英语）.
Zhang, Teng; Sun, Peng; Geng, Qi; Fan, Haitao; Gong, Yutian; Hu, Yanting; Shan, Liying; Sun, Yuanchao; Shen, Wei; Zhou, Yang. Disrupted spermatogenesis in a metabolic syndrome model: the role of vitamin A metabolism in the gut–testis axis. Gut. 2022-01-01, 71 (1) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 0017-5749. PMC 8666830 . PMID 33504491. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323347. （原始内容存档于2022-11-27）（英语）.
Martinot, Emmanuelle; Thirouard, Laura; Holota, Hélène; Monrose, Mélusine; Garcia, Manon; Beaudoin, Claude; Volle, David H. Intestinal microbiota defines the GUT-TESTIS axis. Gut. 2022-04, 71 (4) [2024-02-11]. ISSN 0017-5749. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324690. （原始内容存档于2024-03-13）（英语）.
Randhawa, Harkanwal; Blankstein, Udi; Davies, Timothy. Scrotal trauma: A case report and review of the literature. Canadian Urological Association Journal. 2019-06, 13 (6 Suppl4) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 1911-6470. PMC 6565400 . PMID 31194930. doi:10.5489/cuaj.5981. （原始内容存档于2022-12-28）.
Bauer, Natasha J. G. Case report: Traumatic unilateral testicular rupture. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2016-01-01, 25 [2024-01-04]. ISSN 2210-2612. PMC 4925437 . PMID 27340802. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.05.059. （原始内容存档于2024-01-04）.
Tsuchiya, T.; Nishino, Y.; Takahashi, Y.; Deguchi, T. [Testicular pure teratoma: a case report]. Hinyokika Kiyo. Acta Urologica Japonica. 2001-02, 47 (2) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 0018-1994. PMID 11280884. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Qiu, Jingping; Jia, Shi; Li, Guang. Incidence and prognosis factors of extragonadal choriocarcinoma in males: a population-based study. Cancer Management and Research. 2018-10-15, 10 [2024-01-04]. ISSN 1179-1322. PMC 6197831 . PMID 30410393. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S175948. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Jenkins, John S. The Lost Voice: A History of the Castrato: St George’s Hospital Medical School, London, UK. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2000-12-01, 13 (s2) [2024-01-04]. ISSN 2191-0251. doi:10.1515/jpem-2000-s625. （原始内容存档于2022-12-01）（英语）.
刘锡诚, 1935-; 王文宝. 蛋. 中国象征辞典第1版. 天津市: 天津教育出版社. 1991: 60–61 [2019-11-21]. ISBN 7-5309-1324-7. OCLC 27114680. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Sulak, Michael; Fong, Lindsey; Mika, Katelyn; Chigurupati, Sravanthi; Yon, Lisa; Mongan, Nigel P; Emes, Richard D; Lynch, Vincent J. Espinosa, Joaquín M , 编. TP53 copy number expansion is associated with the evolution of increased body size and an enhanced DNA damage response in elephants. eLife. 2016-09-19, 5 [2024-01-05]. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5061548 . PMID 27642012. doi:10.7554/eLife.11994. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Vollrath, Fritz. Uncoupling elephant TP53 and cancer. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2023-08, 38 (8) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0169-5347. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2023.05.011. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Beaupré, Christine E.; Tressler, Corinna J.; Beaupré, Steven J.; Morgan, James L.M.; Bottje, Walter G.; Kirby, John D. Determination of Testis Temperature Rhythms and Effects of Constant Light on Testicular Function in the Domestic Fowl (Gallus domesticus)1. Biology of Reproduction. 1997-06-01, 56 (6) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0006-3363. doi:10.1095/biolreprod56.6.1570. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）.
Padhi, Abinash; Ghaly, Mona M.; Ma, Li. Testis-enriched heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2): Adaptive advantages of the birds with internal testes over the mammals with testicular descent. Scientific Reports. 2016-01-06, 6 (1) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4702119 . PMID 26733092. doi:10.1038/srep18770. （原始内容存档于2024-01-08）（英语）.
Mezquita, Belen; Mezquita, Cristóbal; Mezquita, Jovita. Marked differences between avian and mammalian testicular cells in the heat shock induction and polyadenylation of Hsp70 and ubiquitin transcripts. FEBS Letters. 1998-10-09, 436 (3) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 0014-5793. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01172-7. （原始内容存档于2024-01-05）（英语）.
Pezenti, Larissa Forim; Levy, Sheila Michele; de Souza, Rogério Fernandes; Sosa-Gómez, Daniel Ricardo; da Rosa, Renata. Testes morphology and the identification of transcripts of the hormonal pathways of the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Arthropod Structure & Development. 2021-11-01, 65 [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1467-8039. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2021.101111. （原始内容存档于2024-03-13）.
Vahed, Karim; Parker, Darren J.; Gilbert, James D. J. Larger testes are associated with a higher level of polyandry, but a smaller ejaculate volume, across bushcricket species (Tettigoniidae). Biology Letters. 2011-04-23, 7 (2) [2024-01-05]. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 3061181 . PMID 21068028. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0840. （原始内容存档于2023-01-10）（英语）.

yourhormones.info

Testosterone | You and Your Hormones from the Society for Endocrinology. www.yourhormones.info. [2023-12-30]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-10）.