Hughes, G.M. On the respiration of Torpedo marmorata. Journal of Experimental Biology. 1978, 73: 85–105. PMID 650150. doi:10.1242/jeb.73.1.85.
Mellinger, J.; Belbenoit, P.; Ravaille, M.; Szabo, T. Electric organ development in Torpedo marmorata, Chondrichthyes. Developmental Biology. 1978, 67 (1): 167–188. PMID 720752. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(78)90307-X.
Radii-Weiss, T; Kovacevic, N. Influence of low temperature on the discharge mechanism of the electric fish Torpedo marmorata and T. ocellata. Marine Biology Berlin. 1970, 5: 18–21. S2CID 84215332. doi:10.1007/bf00352488.
Belbenoit, P.; Bauer, R. Video recordings of prey capture behaviour and associated electric organ discharge of Torpedo marmorata (Chondrichthyes). Marine Biology Berlin. 1972, 17 (2): 93–99. S2CID 83314839. doi:10.1007/BF00347299.
Davy, J. Observations on the Torpedo, with an Account of Some Additional Experiments on Its Electricity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1834, 124: 531–550. JSTOR 108075. S2CID 109091189. doi:10.1098/rstl.1834.0026.
Ruhnke, T.R. Resurrection of Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) and taxonomic information on five proposed members. Systematic Parasitology. November 1994, 29 (3): 159–176. S2CID 45969813. doi:10.1007/bf00009673.
Picton, B.E.; Morrow, C.C. (2010). Torpedo marmorata (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved on April 28, 2010.
Fowler, H.W. Notes on batoid fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1911, 62 (2): 468–475. JSTOR 4063435.
Davy, J. Observations on the Torpedo, with an Account of Some Additional Experiments on Its Electricity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1834, 124: 531–550. JSTOR 108075. S2CID 109091189. doi:10.1098/rstl.1834.0026.
Hughes, G.M. On the respiration of Torpedo marmorata. Journal of Experimental Biology. 1978, 73: 85–105. PMID 650150. doi:10.1242/jeb.73.1.85.
Mellinger, J.; Belbenoit, P.; Ravaille, M.; Szabo, T. Electric organ development in Torpedo marmorata, Chondrichthyes. Developmental Biology. 1978, 67 (1): 167–188. PMID 720752. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(78)90307-X.
Radii-Weiss, T; Kovacevic, N. Influence of low temperature on the discharge mechanism of the electric fish Torpedo marmorata and T. ocellata. Marine Biology Berlin. 1970, 5: 18–21. S2CID 84215332. doi:10.1007/bf00352488.
Belbenoit, P.; Bauer, R. Video recordings of prey capture behaviour and associated electric organ discharge of Torpedo marmorata (Chondrichthyes). Marine Biology Berlin. 1972, 17 (2): 93–99. S2CID 83314839. doi:10.1007/BF00347299.
Davy, J. Observations on the Torpedo, with an Account of Some Additional Experiments on Its Electricity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1834, 124: 531–550. JSTOR 108075. S2CID 109091189. doi:10.1098/rstl.1834.0026.
Ruhnke, T.R. Resurrection of Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) and taxonomic information on five proposed members. Systematic Parasitology. November 1994, 29 (3): 159–176. S2CID 45969813. doi:10.1007/bf00009673.
Picton, B.E.; Morrow, C.C. (2010). Torpedo marmorata (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved on April 28, 2010.