McLellan, Bruce. A review of bear evolution(PDF). [Proceedings of the] International Conference on Bear Research and Management. 1994, 9 (1): 85–96 [2021-06-04]. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2017-11-15).
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Derocher, Andrew E.; Ian Stirling. Factors affecting the evolution and behavioral ecology of the modern bears. Bears: Their Biology and Management. A selection of papers from the Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management. February 1989, 8: 189–204 (1990). JSTOR 3872919.请检查|publication-date=中的日期值 (帮助)
McLellan, Bruce. A review of bear evolution(PDF). [Proceedings of the] International Conference on Bear Research and Management. 1994, 9 (1): 85–96 [2021-06-04]. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2017-11-15).