紅移 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "紅移" in Chinese language version.

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17archive.org

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magnum.anu.edu.au

2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey homepage. [2016-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-19）（英语）.

archive.org

Taylor, E. F.; Wheeler, J. A. Spacetime Physics: Introduction to Special Relativity（2nd ed.）. W.H. Freeman. 1992. ISBN 978-0-7167-2327-1 （英语）.
Binney, J.; Merrifeld, M. Galactic Astronomy. Princeton University Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0-691-02565-0 （英语）.
Carroll, B. W.; Dale, A. O. An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1996. ISBN 978-0-201-54730-6 （英语）.
Kutner, M. Astronomy: A Physical Perspective. Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-52927-3 （英语）.
Misner, C.; Thorne, K. S.; Wheeler, J. A. Gravitation. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. 1973. ISBN 978-0-7167-0344-0 （英语）.
Maulik, D. Doppler sonography: A brief history. Doppler ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2005: 1-7 （英语）.
Reber, G. Intergalactic Plasma. Astrophysics and Space Science. 1995, 227: 93–96 （英语）.
Bélopolsky, A. On an Apparatus for the Laboratory Demonstration of the Doppler-Fizeau Principle. Astrophysical Journal. 1901, 13: 15 （英语）.
Slipher, V. M. Spectrographic observations of nebulae. Popular Astronomy. 1915, 23: 21–24 （英语）.
Eddington, A. The Expanding Universe: Astronomy's 'Great Debate', 1900-1931. Cambridge University Press. 1933. ISBN 0521349761 （英语）.
Harrison, E. R. Cosmology: The Science of the Universe. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1981. ISBN 978-0521661485 （英语）.
Peebles, P. J. E. Principles of Physical Cosmology. Princeton University Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-691-01933-8 （英语）.
Chant, C. A. Notes and Queries (Telescopes and Observatory Equipment-The Einstein Shift of Solar Lines). Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 1930, 24: 390 （英语）.
Sachs, R. K.; Wolfe, A. M. Perturbations of a cosmological model and angular variations of the cosmic microwave background. Astrophysical Journal. 1967, 147 (1): 73–90 （英语）.
Budding, E. Introduction to Astronomical Photometry. Cambridge University Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-521-41867-6 （英语）.
Fan, Xiahoui; et al. A Survey of z>5.7 Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. II. Discovery of Three Additional Quasars at z>6. The Astronomical Journal. 2003, 125 (4): 1649–1659 （英语）.
Binney, James; and Scott Treimane. Galactic dynamics. Princeton University Press. 1987. ISBN 978-0-691-08445-9 （英语）.

arxiv.org

Bolzonella, M.; Miralles, J.-M.; Pelló, R. Photometric Redshifts based on standard SED fitting procedures. 2000. arXiv:astro-ph/0003380  （英语）.
Hogg, D. W.; Baldry, I. K.; Blanton, M. R.; Eisenstein, D. J. The K correction. arXiv:astro-ph/0210394v1  （英语）.
Peebles, P. J. E.; Ratra, Bharat. The cosmological constant and dark energy. Reviews of Modern Physics. 2003, 75: 559–606 [2006-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-10）（英语）.
Permutter, S.; et al. (The Supernova Cosmology Project). Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 high redshift supernovae. Astrophysical J. 1999, 517: 565–86 [2006-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-07）（英语）.
Riess, A. G.; et al. (Supernova Search Team). Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant. Astronomical J. 1998, 116: 1009–38 [2006-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-10）（英语）.
Cole, S.; et al. The 2dF galaxy redshift survey: Power-spectrum analysis of the final dataset and cosmological implications. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2005, 362 (2): 505–34. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.362..505C. arXiv:astro-ph/0501174 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09318.x （英语）.
Davis, M.; DEEP2 collaboration. Science objectives and early results of the DEEP2 redshift survey. Conference on Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, Waikoloa, Hawaii, 22–28 Aug 2002. 2002. arXiv:astro-ph/0209419  （英语）.

cfa-harvard.edu

THE CfA REDSHIFT SURVEY. [2016-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2008-05-13）（英语）.

doi.org

Cole, S.; et al. The 2dF galaxy redshift survey: Power-spectrum analysis of the final dataset and cosmological implications. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2005, 362 (2): 505–34. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.362..505C. arXiv:astro-ph/0501174 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09318.x （英语）.

harvard.edu

articles.adsabs.harvard.edu

Asaoka, Ikuko. X-ray spectra at infinity from a relativistic accretion disk around a Kerr black hole (PDF). Astronomical Society of Japan, Publications. 1989, 41 (4): 763–778 [2011-08-01]. ISSN 0004-6264. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-03-20）（英语）.

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Cole, S.; et al. The 2dF galaxy redshift survey: Power-spectrum analysis of the final dataset and cosmological implications. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2005, 362 (2): 505–34. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.362..505C. arXiv:astro-ph/0501174 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09318.x （英语）.

nasa.gov

heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov

Swift Redshift Measurements. NASA. 2012 [2016-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-13）（英语）.

pnas.org

Hubble, E. A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1929, 15 (3): 168–173 [2006-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-30）（英语）.

sciencemag.org

Geller, M. J.; Huchra, J. P. Mapping the Universe. Science. 1989, 246 (4932): 897–903 [2006-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-21）（英语）.

sdss.org

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Mapping the Universe. [2016-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2011-02-20）（英语）.

st-andrews.ac.uk

www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk

O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. Christian Andreas Doppler. MacTutor. 1998 [2016-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-07）（英语）.

thebookofbeginnings.com

Odenwald, S.; Fienberg, R. T. Galaxy redshifts reconsidered (PDF). Sky and Telescope. 1993, 85 (2): 31–35 [2016-07-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-08-17）（英语）.

ucr.edu

math.ucr.edu

Weiss, M. What Causes the Hubble Redshift. The Original Usenet Physics FAQ. 1994 [2016-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-25）（英语）.

web.archive.org

O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. Christian Andreas Doppler. MacTutor. 1998 [2016-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-07）（英语）.
Hubble, E. A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1929, 15 (3): 168–173 [2006-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-30）（英语）.
Swift Redshift Measurements. NASA. 2012 [2016-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-13）（英语）.
Odenwald, S.; Fienberg, R. T. Galaxy redshifts reconsidered (PDF). Sky and Telescope. 1993, 85 (2): 31–35 [2016-07-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-08-17）（英语）.
Weiss, M. What Causes the Hubble Redshift. The Original Usenet Physics FAQ. 1994 [2016-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-25）（英语）.
Asaoka, Ikuko. X-ray spectra at infinity from a relativistic accretion disk around a Kerr black hole (PDF). Astronomical Society of Japan, Publications. 1989, 41 (4): 763–778 [2011-08-01]. ISSN 0004-6264. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-03-20）（英语）.
Peebles, P. J. E.; Ratra, Bharat. The cosmological constant and dark energy. Reviews of Modern Physics. 2003, 75: 559–606 [2006-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-10）（英语）.
Permutter, S.; et al. (The Supernova Cosmology Project). Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 high redshift supernovae. Astrophysical J. 1999, 517: 565–86 [2006-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-07）（英语）.
Riess, A. G.; et al. (Supernova Search Team). Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant. Astronomical J. 1998, 116: 1009–38 [2006-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-10）（英语）.
Geller, M. J.; Huchra, J. P. Mapping the Universe. Science. 1989, 246 (4932): 897–903 [2006-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-21）（英语）.
THE CfA REDSHIFT SURVEY. [2016-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2008-05-13）（英语）.
2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey homepage. [2016-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-19）（英语）.
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Mapping the Universe. [2016-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2011-02-20）（英语）.

wikipedia.org

en.wikipedia.org

其中z为紅移，v为速度，c为光速，γ为勞侖茲因子， a为宇宙標度因子，G为萬有引力常數，M为物體質量，r为史瓦西径向坐标（英语：Schwarzschild coordinates）。
在红移现象发现之初，弗里茨·兹威基曾提出“光线老化（英语：tired light）”假说来解释这一现象。虽然这一假说一般只在作为红移理论发展的一个节点时会被提及到，但在非标准宇宙学（英语：非标准宇宙学）中，配合着内禀红移（英语：intrinsic redshift）假说，其也能得到一定的实际应用。相关研究者曾对20世纪30年代之后正式发表过的多种红移现象替代理论进行过综述^[33]。2001年，天文学家杰佛瑞·伯比奇在一篇评论中提出自20世纪60年代以来，相关讨论就已在天文学界日趋边缘化^[34]。伯比奇与霍尔顿·阿尔普在研究类星体性质时曾尝试发展一种替代红移机制，但他们的同行大多对其不以为然。

worldcat.org

Asaoka, Ikuko. X-ray spectra at infinity from a relativistic accretion disk around a Kerr black hole (PDF). Astronomical Society of Japan, Publications. 1989, 41 (4): 763–778 [2011-08-01]. ISSN 0004-6264. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-03-20）（英语）.