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Koopman, B. O.; von Neumann, J. Dynamical systems of continuous spectra(PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1932, 18 (3): 255–263 [2016-01-24]. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2022-05-09) (英语).
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Koopman, B. O.; von Neumann, J. Dynamical systems of continuous spectra(PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1932, 18 (3): 255–263 [2016-01-24]. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2022-05-09) (英语).