美国种族主义 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "美国种族主义" in Chinese language version.

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105web.archive.org

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Iranian.com

Bozorgmehr, Mehdi. No solidarity: Iranians in the U.S. The Iranian. 2001-05-02 [2007-02-02]. （原始内容存档于2007-02-10）.

adl.org

ADL Condemns Hate Crime Against Hindu. Anti-Defamation League. [2008-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-18）.
Nation of Islam. Adl.org. [2013-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2006-04-26）.

aina.org

Arab American Institute Still Deliberately Claiming Assyrians Are Arabs. Assyrian International News Agency. [2008-02-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-26）.

ajph.org

Hart KD, Kunitz SJ, Sell RR, Mukamel DB. Metropolitan governance, residential segregation, and mortality among African Americans. Am J Public Health. March 1998, 88 (3): 434–8. PMC 1508338 . PMID 9518976. doi:10.2105/AJPH.88.3.434.
Jackson SA, Anderson RT, Johnson NJ, Sorlie PD. The relation of residential segregation to all-cause mortality: a study in black and white. Am J Public Health. April 2000, 90 (4): 615–7. PMC 1446199 . PMID 10754978. doi:10.2105/AJPH.90.4.615.
Woolf SH, Johnson RE, Fryer GE, Rust G, Satcher D. The health impact of resolving racial disparities: an analysis of US mortality data. Am J Public Health. December 2004, 94 (12): 2078–81. PMC 1448594 . PMID 15569956. doi:10.2105/AJPH.94.12.2078.
Mayer WJ, McWhorter WP. Black/white differences in non-treatment of bladder cancer patients and implications for survival. Am J Public Health. June 1989, 79 (6): 772–5. PMC 1349641 . PMID 2729474. doi:10.2105/AJPH.79.6.772.

archive.org

Eltis, David. Extending the Frontiers: Essays on the New Transatlantic Slave Trade Database. United States of America: Yale University Press. 2008: 31. ISBN 978-0-300-13436-0.
Netton, Ian Richard; Evelyn Alsultany. From ambiguity to abjection: Iraqi-Americans negotiating race in the United States. Zahia Smail Salhi (ed.) (编). The Arab diaspora: Voices of an anguished scream. Taylor & Francis. 2006: 140–43. ISBN 978-0-415-37542-9.
"While African-Americans, Asians, and Native Americans are racialized according to phenotype, Arab-Americans are often racialized according to religion and politics. Religious racialization conflates Arabs and Islam, and consequently positions all Arabs as Muslim; represents Islam as a monolithic religion erasing diversity among Arabs and Muslims; and marks Islam as a backwards, fanatical, uncivilized, and a terroristic belief system" (p. 127). "Whereas before September 11, Arab- and Muslim-Americans were not included in discourses on race and racism in the United States, a public discourse emerged after September 11 on whether Arabs and Muslims were being treated fairly or being subjected to racism with the rise in hate crimes and government measures targeting Arabs and Muslims." (p. 141) Alsultany, Evelyn. From ambiguity to abjection: Iraqi-Americans negotiating race in the United States. Zahia Smail Salhi, Ian Richard Netton (eds.) (编). The Arab diaspora: Voices of an anguished scream. Taylor & Francis. 2006: 127. ISBN 978-0-415-37542-9.
Hudson, Charles. The Ante-Bellum Elite. Red, White, and Black; Symposium on Indians in the Old South. University of Georgia Press. 1971: 80. SBN 820303089.
Perdue, Theda. Chapter 2 "Both White and Red". Mixed Blood Indians: Racial Construction in the Early South. The University of Georgia Press. 2003: 51. ISBN 0-8203-2731-X.
Blascovich J, Spencer SJ, Quinn D, Steele C. African Americans and high blood pressure: the role of stereotype threat. Psychol Sci. May 2001, 12 (3): 225–9. PMID 11437305. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00340.
Yergan J, Flood AB, LoGerfo JP, Diehr P. Relationship between patient race and the intensity of hospital services. Med Care. July 1987, 25 (7): 592–603. PMID 3695664. doi:10.1097/00005650-198707000-00003.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Strasser, Franz; Carpenter, Sharon. Native Americans battle teenage suicide. BBC News. November 22, 2010 [2015-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.

billmoyers.com

Full Show: Ian Haney López on the Dog Whistle Politics of Race, Part I （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Moyers & Company, February 28, 2014. See also: Ian Haney-López. Dog Whistle Politics: How Coded Racial Appeals Have Reinvented Racism and Wrecked the Middle Class （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Oxford University Press, 2014. ISBN 0199964270

bjs.gov

Hate Crime Victimization, 2003-2011 (PDF). Bureau of Justice Statistics. [30 August 2014]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-03-18）.

blackamericaweb.com

The Hutchinson Report: Thanks to Latino Gangs, There's a Zone in L.A. Where Blacks Risk Death if They Enter 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2007-05-13.

bmj.com

Bhopal R. Spectre of racism in health and health care: lessons from history and the United States. BMJ. June 1998, 316 (7149): 1970–3. PMC 1113412 . PMID 9641943. doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7149.1970.

books.google.com

How East New York Became a Ghetto （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Walter Thabit. ISBN 0-8147-8267-1. Page 42.
Comeback Cities: A Blueprint for Urban Neighborhood Revival （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） By Paul S. Grogan, Tony Proscio. ISBN 0-8133-3952-9. 2002. p. 114. "The goal was not to relax lending restrictions but rather to get banks to apply the same criteria in the inner-city as in the suburbs."
Black, Brown, Yellow, and Left: Radical Activism in Los Angeles - Laura Pulido - Google Boeken. Books.google.com. 2005-12-17 [2013-02-16]. ISBN 9780520938892.

ca.gov

ceres.ca.gov

Castillo, Edward D. (1998). "Short Overview of California Indian History" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2006-12-14., California Native American Heritage Commission.

cbsnews.com

Murphy, Jarrett. Hindu Beaten Because He's Muslim, Mistaken Anti-Islam Thugs Pummel, Hogtie And Stab Deliveryman. CBS News. Associated Press. 2009-02-11 [2013-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-04）.
February 11, 2009, 5:52 PM. Riot Breaks Out At Calif. High School, Melee Involving 500 People Erupts At Southern California School. Cbsnews.com. 2009-02-11 [2013-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-01）.

cnn.com

Ravitz, Jessica. Siblings of the bombing: Remembering Birmingham church blast 50 years on. [October 20, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-27）.
U.S. President: National: Exit Poll. CNN. [2015-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2007-05-14）.

csmonitor.com

Wealth gap widens: Whites' net worth is 20 times that of blacks. CSMonitor.com. 2011-07-26 [2013-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-13）.

delmar.edu

dmc122011.delmar.edu

Long, Russ. "How to Think about Racial and Ethnic Inequality" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

democracynow.org

Congressmember Weiner Gets It Wrong On Palestinian Group He Tried To Bar From U.S.. Democracy Now!. 2006-08-30 [2022-07-15]. （原始内容存档于2007-11-14）.

doi.org

Eltis, David. Europeans and the Rise and Fall of African Slavery in the Americas: An Interpretation. The American Historical Review. December 1993, 98 (5): 1402–1422 [2013-10-19]. doi:10.2307/2167060. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
Beck, E.M.; Tolnay, Stewart. Black Flight: Lethal Violence and the Great Migration, 1900–1930. Social Science History. 1990, 14 (3): 354 [2015-09-12]. doi:10.2307/1171355. （原始内容存档于2021-03-09）.
Tolnay, Stewart. The African American 'Great Migration' and Beyond. Annual Review of Sociology. 2003, 29: 213 [2015-09-12]. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100009. （原始内容存档于2021-03-15）.
Beck, E.M.; Tolnay, Stewart. Black Flight: Lethal Violence and the Great Migration, 1900-1930. Social Science History. 1990, 14 (3): 351–352 [2015-09-12]. doi:10.2307/1171355. （原始内容存档于2021-03-09）.
Tolnay, Stewart. The African American 'Great Migration' and Beyond. Annual Review of Sociology. 2003, 29: 218–221 [2015-09-12]. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100009. （原始内容存档于2021-03-15）.
Blau, Judith. White Supremacy and Racism in the Post-Civil Rights Era by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva. Contemporary Sociology. 2002, 31 (5): 527 [2015-09-12]. doi:10.2307/3090024. （原始内容存档于2019-03-07）.
Loury, Glenn. Discrimination in the Post-Civil Rights Era: Beyond Market Intercations. The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 1998, 12 (2): 123 [2015-09-12]. doi:10.1257/jep.12.2.117. （原始内容存档于2019-03-07）.
Blascovich J, Spencer SJ, Quinn D, Steele C. African Americans and high blood pressure: the role of stereotype threat. Psychol Sci. May 2001, 12 (3): 225–9. PMID 11437305. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00340.
Finch, Brian. Perceived Discrimination and Depression among Mexican-Origin Adults in California. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 2000, 41 (3): 309 [5 November 2013]. doi:10.2307/2676322. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
Hart KD, Kunitz SJ, Sell RR, Mukamel DB. Metropolitan governance, residential segregation, and mortality among African Americans. Am J Public Health. March 1998, 88 (3): 434–8. PMC 1508338 . PMID 9518976. doi:10.2105/AJPH.88.3.434.
Jackson SA, Anderson RT, Johnson NJ, Sorlie PD. The relation of residential segregation to all-cause mortality: a study in black and white. Am J Public Health. April 2000, 90 (4): 615–7. PMC 1446199 . PMID 10754978. doi:10.2105/AJPH.90.4.615.
Cooper RS, Kennelly JF, Durazo-Arvizu R, Oh HJ, Kaplan G, Lynch J. Relationship between premature mortality and socioeconomic factors in black and white populations of US metropolitan areas. Public Health Rep. 2001, 116 (5): 464–73. PMC 1497360 . PMID 12042610. doi:10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50074-2.
Ford, Thomas. Effects of Stereotypical Television Portrayals of African-Americans on Person Perception. Social Psychology Quarterly. 1997, 60 (3): 266 [5 November 2013]. doi:10.2307/2787086. （原始内容存档于2022-05-27）.
Altschul, Inna; Daphna Oyserman; Deborah Bybee. Racial-Ethnic Self-Schemas and Segmented Assimilation: Identity and the Academic Achievement of Hispanic Youth. Social Psychology Quarterly. September 2008, 71 (3): 303 [5 November 2013]. doi:10.1177/019027250807100309. （原始内容存档于2022-05-21）.
Lowell, Lindsay. Unintended Consequences of Immigration Reform: Discrimination and HIspanic Employment. Demography. November 1995, 32 (4): 617 [5 November 2013]. doi:10.2307/2061678. （原始内容存档于2021-04-22）.
Woolf SH, Johnson RE, Fryer GE, Rust G, Satcher D. The health impact of resolving racial disparities: an analysis of US mortality data. Am J Public Health. December 2004, 94 (12): 2078–81. PMC 1448594 . PMID 15569956. doi:10.2105/AJPH.94.12.2078.
Bhopal R. Spectre of racism in health and health care: lessons from history and the United States. BMJ. June 1998, 316 (7149): 1970–3. PMC 1113412 . PMID 9641943. doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7149.1970.
Oberman A, Cutter G. Issues in the natural history and treatment of coronary heart disease in black populations: surgical treatment. Am. Heart J. September 1984, 108 (3 Pt 2): 688–94. PMID 6332513. doi:10.1016/0002-8703(84)90656-2.
Kjellstrand CM. Age, sex, and race inequality in renal transplantation. Arch. Intern. Med. June 1988, 148 (6): 1305–9. PMID 3288159. doi:10.1001/archinte.148.6.1305.
Mayer WJ, McWhorter WP. Black/white differences in non-treatment of bladder cancer patients and implications for survival. Am J Public Health. June 1989, 79 (6): 772–5. PMC 1349641 . PMID 2729474. doi:10.2105/AJPH.79.6.772.
Yergan J, Flood AB, LoGerfo JP, Diehr P. Relationship between patient race and the intensity of hospital services. Med Care. July 1987, 25 (7): 592–603. PMID 3695664. doi:10.1097/00005650-198707000-00003.
,. Black-white disparities in health care. JAMA. May 1990, 263 (17): 2344–6. PMID 2182918. doi:10.1001/jama.263.17.2344. ^{[失效連結]}
Valentino, Nicholas. Cues that Matter: How Political Ads Prime Racial Attitudes during Campaigns. The American Political Science Review. March 2002, 96 (1): 83 [November 5, 2013]. doi:10.1017/s0003055402004240. （原始内容存档于2021-02-26）.

dreric.org

Miller, Eric. George Washington And Indians, Washington and the Northwest War, Part One. Eric Miller. 1994 [2008-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-03）.

economist.com

Race relations | Where black and brown collide. Economist.com. 2007-08-02 [2013-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-08）.

enoughisenoughcampaign.com

Enough is Enough! Campaign. Enough is Enough! Campaign. 2011-03-09 [2013-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-25）.

eraseracismny.org

What is Institutional and Structural Racism? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） ERASE RACISM

eskimo.com

Our Daily Bleed.... [2008-01-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-07-01）.

fbi.gov

Hate Crime Statistics, 2004 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Hate Crime Statistics, 2005 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

fcnl.org

Background on conflict in Liberia. （原始内容存档于2011-01-08）.

findarticles.com

The lynching of persons of Mexican origin or descent in the United States, 1848 to 1928 | Journal of Social History | Find Articles at BNET.com. Findarticles.com. [2013-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-11）.

foxnews.com

Babington, Charles. Poll: Views still differ sharply by race. Fox News Channel. September 22, 2008 [January 16, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-26）. [A] new Associated Press-Yahoo News poll, conducted with Stanford University, shows... that a substantial portion of white Americans still harbor negative feelings toward blacks.

freepress.org

Independent News Media - War in Iraq. Columbus Free Press. [2013-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-28）.

ghostamendment.com

Walter, Michael. Ghost Amendment: The Thirteenth Amendment That Never Was. 2003 [December 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-11）.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

Aquí Se Habla Español – and Two-Thirds Don't Mind (PDF). ABC News. Oct 8, 2007 [Dec 20, 2013]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-03）.
Bradley Blackburn and Margaret Aro. Muslim-American Soldier Claims Harassment in the Army. ABC World News with Diane Sawyer (American Broadcasting Company). April 14, 2010 [March 15, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-24）.
Racism not always black and white. Abcnews.go.com. 2008-06-25 [2013-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-19）.

google.com.au

books.google.com.au

Encyclopedia of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement. google.com.au. [2015-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-14）.

guardian.co.uk

observer.guardian.co.uk

Paul Harris. A bloody conflict between Black and Hispanic gangs is spreading across Los Angeles. Observer.guardian.co.uk. 2007-03-18 [2013-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-09）.

gypsypsychicscams.com

Real Stories From Victims Who've Been Scammed. gypsypsychicscams.com. [26 August 2007]. （原始内容存档于2007年8月26日）.

harvardmagazine.com

The Deadliest War. Harvardmagazine.com. [2013-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2007-09-27）.

historicaldocuments.com

Immigration Act of 1924 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2008-02-10. HistoricalDocuments.com

hrw.org

United States. Hrw.org. 2001-09-11 [2013-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.

imdb.com

Richard Maurer (ram-30). Escape from Iran: The Canadian Caper (TV Movie 1981). IMDb. 17 May 1981 [2015-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-25）.

indiantrust.com

United States Senate, Oversight Hearing on Trust Fund Litigation, Cobell v. Kempthorne （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. See also, Cobell v. Norton.

jbhe.com

JBHE Statistical Shocker of the Year. Jbhe.com. [2013-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-30）.

jpost.com

ADL poll: Anti-Semitic attitudes on rise in USA. The Jerusalem Post. November 3, 2011 [December 20, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-29）.

jstor.org

Eltis, David. Europeans and the Rise and Fall of African Slavery in the Americas: An Interpretation. The American Historical Review. December 1993, 98 (5): 1402–1422 [2013-10-19]. doi:10.2307/2167060. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
Estreicher, Samuel. Federal Power to Regulate Private Discrimination: The Revival of the Enforcement Clauses of the Reconstruction Era Amendments. Columbia Law Review. 1974, 74 (3): 452–454 [2015-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
Klarman, Michael. The Plessy Era. The Supreme Court Review. 1998: 307–308 [2015-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
Beck, E.M.; Tolnay, Stewart. Black Flight: Lethal Violence and the Great Migration, 1900–1930. Social Science History. 1990, 14 (3): 354 [2015-09-12]. doi:10.2307/1171355. （原始内容存档于2021-03-09）.
Tolnay, Stewart. The African American 'Great Migration' and Beyond. Annual Review of Sociology. 2003, 29: 213 [2015-09-12]. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100009. （原始内容存档于2021-03-15）.
Beck, E.M.; Tolnay, Stewart. Black Flight: Lethal Violence and the Great Migration, 1900-1930. Social Science History. 1990, 14 (3): 351–352 [2015-09-12]. doi:10.2307/1171355. （原始内容存档于2021-03-09）.
Tolnay, Stewart. The African American 'Great Migration' and Beyond. Annual Review of Sociology. 2003, 29: 218–221 [2015-09-12]. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100009. （原始内容存档于2021-03-15）.
Blau, Judith. White Supremacy and Racism in the Post-Civil Rights Era by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva. Contemporary Sociology. 2002, 31 (5): 527 [2015-09-12]. doi:10.2307/3090024. （原始内容存档于2019-03-07）.
Loury, Glenn. Discrimination in the Post-Civil Rights Era: Beyond Market Intercations. The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 1998, 12 (2): 123 [2015-09-12]. doi:10.1257/jep.12.2.117. （原始内容存档于2019-03-07）.
Ajrouch, Kristine J. Gender, Race, and Symbolic Boundaries: Contested Spaces of Identity Among Arab American Adolescents. Sociological Perspectives (University of California Press). Winter 2004, 47 (4): 371–391. JSTOR 10.1525/sop.2004.47.4.371.
Finch, Brian. Perceived Discrimination and Depression among Mexican-Origin Adults in California. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 2000, 41 (3): 309 [5 November 2013]. doi:10.2307/2676322. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
Ford, Thomas. Effects of Stereotypical Television Portrayals of African-Americans on Person Perception. Social Psychology Quarterly. 1997, 60 (3): 266 [5 November 2013]. doi:10.2307/2787086. （原始内容存档于2022-05-27）.
Altschul, Inna; Daphna Oyserman; Deborah Bybee. Racial-Ethnic Self-Schemas and Segmented Assimilation: Identity and the Academic Achievement of Hispanic Youth. Social Psychology Quarterly. September 2008, 71 (3): 303 [5 November 2013]. doi:10.1177/019027250807100309. （原始内容存档于2022-05-21）.
Racial Violence against Asian Americans. Harvard Law Review. 1993, 106 (8) [5 November 2013]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-01）.
Brown, Darryl. Racism and Race Relations in the University. Virginia Law Review. March 1990, 76 (2) [2015-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-27）.
Lowell, Lindsay. Unintended Consequences of Immigration Reform: Discrimination and HIspanic Employment. Demography. November 1995, 32 (4): 617 [5 November 2013]. doi:10.2307/2061678. （原始内容存档于2021-04-22）.
Valentino, Nicholas. Cues that Matter: How Political Ads Prime Racial Attitudes during Campaigns. The American Political Science Review. March 2002, 96 (1): 83 [November 5, 2013]. doi:10.1017/s0003055402004240. （原始内容存档于2021-02-26）.

links.jstor.org

George Lipsitz, "The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: Racialized Social Democracy and the "White" Problem in American Studies," American Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 3. (September 1995), pp. 369-387.

latimes.com

articles.latimes.com

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