肌肉注射 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "肌肉注射" in Chinese language version.

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25web.archive.org

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21nih.gov

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archive.org

Eckman, Margaret (编). Lippincott Nursing Procedures Seventh. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2015-10-09. ISBN 978-1469853031.
Lynn, Pamela; Taylor, Carol. Lippincott photo atlas of medication administration Sixth. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer. 2019: 39–40. ISBN 978-1975121365.

canada.ca

Vaccine administration practices: Canadian Immunization Guide. www.canada.ca. 2020-12-02 [2021-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-08）. Aspiration before injection of vaccine is not recommended, as there are no large blood vessels at the recommended immunization sites and not aspirating before injection has been demonstrated to reduce pain.

cdc.gov

Pinkbook. CDC. 2019-09-25 [2020-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-14）.
ACIP Vaccine Administration Guidelines for Immunization. Centers for Disease Control. 2019-06-21 [2020-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-21）.

cdc.gov.tw

林福田. 衛生福利部傳染病防治諮詢會預防接種組108年第1次會議紀錄. 衛生福利部疾病管制署. 2019-04-29 [2021-08-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-22）.

doi.org

Saxen, Mark A. Chapter 17 - Pharmacologic Management of Patient Behavior. Dean, Jeffrey A. (编). McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent (Tenth Edition). St. Louis: Mosby. 2016-01-01: 303–327 [2021-08-24]. ISBN 978-0-323-28745-6. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-28745-6.00017-x. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.
Lankenau, Stephen E.; Clatts, Michael C. Drug injection practices among high-risk youths: the first shot of ketamine. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 2004-06, 81 (2) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1099-3460. PMC 1852476 . PMID 15136657. doi:10.1093/jurban/jth110. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）.
Sisson, Helen. Aspirating during the intramuscular injection procedure: a systematic literature review. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2015-09, 24 (17-18) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1365-2702. PMID 25871949. doi:10.1111/jocn.12824. （原始内容存档于2022-11-29）.
Nicoll, Leslie H.; Hesby, Amy. Intramuscular injection: an integrative research review and guideline for evidence-based practice. Applied nursing research: ANR. 2002-08, 15 (3) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0897-1897. PMID 12173166. doi:10.1053/apnr.2002.34142. （原始内容存档于2022-10-01）.
Cook, Ian F. Best vaccination practice and medically attended injection site events following deltoid intramuscular injection. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2015-05-04, 11 (5) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 4514326 . PMID 25868476. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1017694. （原始内容存档于2022-11-09）（英语）.
Martín Arias, L. H.; Sanz Fadrique, R.; Sáinz Gil, M.; Salgueiro-Vazquez, M. E. Risk of bursitis and other injuries and dysfunctions of the shoulder following vaccinations. Vaccine. 2017-09-05, 35 (37) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1873-2518. PMID 28774564. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.055. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）.
Vardell, Emily; Malloy, Michele. Joanna Briggs Institute: an evidence-based practice database. Medical Reference Services Quarterly. 2013, 32 (4). ISSN 1540-9597. PMID 24180651. doi:10.1080/02763869.2013.837734.
Jung Kim, Hyun; Hyun Park, Sang. Sciatic nerve injection injury. Journal of International Medical Research. 2014-08, 42 (4) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0300-0605. PMID 24920643. doi:10.1177/0300060514531924. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.
Bolger, Gordon T. Routes of Drug Administration☆. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. 2018-01-01 [2021-08-24]. ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11099-2. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.
Şanlialp Zeyrek, Arife; Takmak, Şenay; Kurban, Nevin Kuzu; Arslan, Sümeyye. Systematic review and meta‐analysis: Physical‐procedural interventions used to reduce pain during intramuscular injections in adults. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2019-12, 75 (12) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0309-2402. PMID 31452229. doi:10.1111/jan.14183. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.
Zimmermann, Polly Gerber. Revisiting IM Injections. AJN, American Journal of Nursing. 2010-02, 110 (2). ISSN 0002-936X. PMID 20107407. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000368058.72729.c6 （英语）.
Cocoman, Angela; Murray, John. Recognizing the evidence and changing practice on injection sites. British Journal of Nursing. 2010-10-01, 19 (18). ISSN 0966-0461. PMID 20948472. doi:10.12968/bjon.2010.19.18.79050 （英语）.
Beirne, Paul V; Hennessy, Sarah; Cadogan, Sharon L; Shiely, Frances; Fitzgerald, Tony; MacLeod, Fiona. Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Group , 编. Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018-08-09, 2018 (8). ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6513245 . PMID 30091147. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010720.pub3 （英语）.
Hebert, Corey Joseph; Hall, Corey M.; Odoms, La’ Nyia J. Lessons learned and applied: What the 20th century vaccine experience can teach us about vaccines in the 21st century. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2012-05, 8 (5). ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 3495718 . PMID 22617834. doi:10.4161/hv.19204 （英语）.
Monheit, Gary D.; Pickett, Andy. AbobotulinumtoxinA: A 25-Year History. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2017-05-01, 37 (suppl_1) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1090-820X. PMC 5434488 . PMID 28388718. doi:10.1093/asj/sjw284. （原始内容存档于2022-10-23）（英语）.

dsr.dk

Covid-19 vacciner skal gives med aspiration før injektion. Politik og nyheder, DSR. 2021-03-20 [2021-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-25）. The Danish Health and Medicines Authority's guidelines have long recommended this, and now the Statens Serum Institut is following suit.

ducotedelascience.org

Du Côté de la Science. Évènements thrombotiques après le vaccin AstraZeneca : et si c'était lié a une réponse immunitaire discordante ?. Du Côté de la Science. 2021-03-25 [2021-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-24）. Thus, one of the hypotheses linking the vaccine to the occurrence of severe thrombosis could be an accidental intravenous injection which, in the presence of factors not fully identified, would generate a discordant immune reaction with activation of the platelets, potentially associated with a NET effect or with a decrease in the level of ACE2 on the surface of endothelial cells, leading to an increased risk of thrombosis. A simple way to overcome this hypothetical accidental intravascular injection could be to verify the absence of blood return during vaccination, which is not currently recommended by the Ministry of Health.

fda.gov

accessdata.fda.gov

Mylan Specialty L.P. EPIPEN®- epinephrine injection, EPIPEN Jr®- epinephrine injection (PDF). FDA Product Label. [2014-01-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-02-01）.

fhi.no

Praktisk info om vaksinasjon. Folkehelseinstituttet. [2021-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-20）. However, it is not recommended to aspirate before intramuscular and subcutaneous vaccine injection provided that the vaccine is placed in the appropriate place … does not involve the risk of injecting intravenously because there are no large blood vessels in these sites. Aspiration can cause the vaccination to be more painful because it takes longer to give the vaccine

linkedin.com

AstraZeneca vaccine: pull back or push through?. www.linkedin.com. [2021-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-22）.

lww.com

journals.lww.com

Taylor, C.; Lillis, C.; LeMone, P. Fundamental of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing. 1990-01, 9 (1) [2021-05-07]. ISSN 0730-4625. （原始内容存档于2017-12-13）（美国英语）.
Zimmermann, Polly Gerber. Revisiting IM Injections. AJN, American Journal of Nursing. 2010-02, 110 (2). ISSN 0002-936X. PMID 20107407. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000368058.72729.c6 （英语）.

magonlinelibrary.com

Cocoman, Angela; Murray, John. Recognizing the evidence and changing practice on injection sites. British Journal of Nursing. 2010-10-01, 19 (18). ISSN 0966-0461. PMID 20948472. doi:10.12968/bjon.2010.19.18.79050 （英语）.

medlineplus.gov

Epinephrine Injection. MedlinePlus. [2021-08-23]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-20）.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lankenau, Stephen E.; Clatts, Michael C. Drug injection practices among high-risk youths: the first shot of ketamine. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 2004-06, 81 (2) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1099-3460. PMC 1852476 . PMID 15136657. doi:10.1093/jurban/jth110. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）.
Polania Gutierrez, Javier J.; Munakomi, Sunil. Intramuscular Injection. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2022 [2022-11-01]. PMID 32310581. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
Sisson, Helen. Aspirating during the intramuscular injection procedure: a systematic literature review. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2015-09, 24 (17-18) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1365-2702. PMID 25871949. doi:10.1111/jocn.12824. （原始内容存档于2022-11-29）.
Nicoll, Leslie H.; Hesby, Amy. Intramuscular injection: an integrative research review and guideline for evidence-based practice. Applied nursing research: ANR. 2002-08, 15 (3) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0897-1897. PMID 12173166. doi:10.1053/apnr.2002.34142. （原始内容存档于2022-10-01）.
Cook, Ian F. Best vaccination practice and medically attended injection site events following deltoid intramuscular injection. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2015-05-04, 11 (5) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 4514326 . PMID 25868476. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1017694. （原始内容存档于2022-11-09）（英语）.
Martín Arias, L. H.; Sanz Fadrique, R.; Sáinz Gil, M.; Salgueiro-Vazquez, M. E. Risk of bursitis and other injuries and dysfunctions of the shoulder following vaccinations. Vaccine. 2017-09-05, 35 (37) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1873-2518. PMID 28774564. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.055. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）.
Vardell, Emily; Malloy, Michele. Joanna Briggs Institute: an evidence-based practice database. Medical Reference Services Quarterly. 2013, 32 (4). ISSN 1540-9597. PMID 24180651. doi:10.1080/02763869.2013.837734.
Jung Kim, Hyun; Hyun Park, Sang. Sciatic nerve injection injury. Journal of International Medical Research. 2014-08, 42 (4) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0300-0605. PMID 24920643. doi:10.1177/0300060514531924. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.
Şanlialp Zeyrek, Arife; Takmak, Şenay; Kurban, Nevin Kuzu; Arslan, Sümeyye. Systematic review and meta‐analysis: Physical‐procedural interventions used to reduce pain during intramuscular injections in adults. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2019-12, 75 (12) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0309-2402. PMID 31452229. doi:10.1111/jan.14183. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.
Zimmermann, Polly Gerber. Revisiting IM Injections. AJN, American Journal of Nursing. 2010-02, 110 (2). ISSN 0002-936X. PMID 20107407. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000368058.72729.c6 （英语）.
Farley, H. F.; Joyce, N.; Long, B.; Roberts, R. Will that IM needle reach the muscle?. The American Journal of Nursing. 1986-12, 86 (12) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0002-936X. PMID 3641525. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）.
Cocoman, Angela; Murray, John. Recognizing the evidence and changing practice on injection sites. British Journal of Nursing. 2010-10-01, 19 (18). ISSN 0966-0461. PMID 20948472. doi:10.12968/bjon.2010.19.18.79050 （英语）.
Beirne, Paul V; Hennessy, Sarah; Cadogan, Sharon L; Shiely, Frances; Fitzgerald, Tony; MacLeod, Fiona. Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Group , 编. Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018-08-09, 2018 (8). ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6513245 . PMID 30091147. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010720.pub3 （英语）.
Hebert, Corey Joseph; Hall, Corey M.; Odoms, La’ Nyia J. Lessons learned and applied: What the 20th century vaccine experience can teach us about vaccines in the 21st century. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2012-05, 8 (5). ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 3495718 . PMID 22617834. doi:10.4161/hv.19204 （英语）.
Monheit, Gary D.; Pickett, Andy. AbobotulinumtoxinA: A 25-Year History. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2017-05-01, 37 (suppl_1) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1090-820X. PMC 5434488 . PMID 28388718. doi:10.1093/asj/sjw284. （原始内容存档于2022-10-23）（英语）.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lankenau, Stephen E.; Clatts, Michael C. Drug injection practices among high-risk youths: the first shot of ketamine. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 2004-06, 81 (2) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1099-3460. PMC 1852476 . PMID 15136657. doi:10.1093/jurban/jth110. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）.
Sisson, Helen. Aspirating during the intramuscular injection procedure: a systematic literature review. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2015-09, 24 (17-18) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1365-2702. PMID 25871949. doi:10.1111/jocn.12824. （原始内容存档于2022-11-29）.
Nicoll, Leslie H.; Hesby, Amy. Intramuscular injection: an integrative research review and guideline for evidence-based practice. Applied nursing research: ANR. 2002-08, 15 (3) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0897-1897. PMID 12173166. doi:10.1053/apnr.2002.34142. （原始内容存档于2022-10-01）.
Martín Arias, L. H.; Sanz Fadrique, R.; Sáinz Gil, M.; Salgueiro-Vazquez, M. E. Risk of bursitis and other injuries and dysfunctions of the shoulder following vaccinations. Vaccine. 2017-09-05, 35 (37) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1873-2518. PMID 28774564. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.055. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）.
Vardell, Emily; Malloy, Michele. Joanna Briggs Institute: an evidence-based practice database. Medical Reference Services Quarterly. 2013, 32 (4). ISSN 1540-9597. PMID 24180651. doi:10.1080/02763869.2013.837734.
Farley, H. F.; Joyce, N.; Long, B.; Roberts, R. Will that IM needle reach the muscle?. The American Journal of Nursing. 1986-12, 86 (12) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0002-936X. PMID 3641525. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Monheit, Gary D.; Pickett, Andy. AbobotulinumtoxinA: A 25-Year History. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2017-05-01, 37 (suppl_1) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1090-820X. PMC 5434488 . PMID 28388718. doi:10.1093/asj/sjw284. （原始内容存档于2022-10-23）（英语）.

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Jung Kim, Hyun; Hyun Park, Sang. Sciatic nerve injection injury. Journal of International Medical Research. 2014-08, 42 (4) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0300-0605. PMID 24920643. doi:10.1177/0300060514531924. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.

sciencedirect.com

Saxen, Mark A. Chapter 17 - Pharmacologic Management of Patient Behavior. Dean, Jeffrey A. (编). McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent (Tenth Edition). St. Louis: Mosby. 2016-01-01: 303–327 [2021-08-24]. ISBN 978-0-323-28745-6. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-28745-6.00017-x. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.
Bolger, Gordon T. Routes of Drug Administration☆. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. 2018-01-01 [2021-08-24]. ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11099-2. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.

ssi.dk

Intramuskulær injektion på børn og voksne. www.ssi.dk. [2021-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-13）. Usually one does not need to aspirate before injecting a vaccine. However, in connection with the investigation of a possible association between injection of covid-19 vaccine from AstraZeneca and the occurrence of rare but severe cases of blood clots and bleeding, SSI recommends, for the time being, on a precautionary principle, to aspirate before administration. This applies to all the approved covid-19 vaccines

tandfonline.com

Cook, Ian F. Best vaccination practice and medically attended injection site events following deltoid intramuscular injection. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2015-05-04, 11 (5) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 4514326 . PMID 25868476. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1017694. （原始内容存档于2022-11-09）（英语）.
Hebert, Corey Joseph; Hall, Corey M.; Odoms, La’ Nyia J. Lessons learned and applied: What the 20th century vaccine experience can teach us about vaccines in the 21st century. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2012-05, 8 (5). ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 3495718 . PMID 22617834. doi:10.4161/hv.19204 （英语）.

wanfangdata.com.cn

med.wanfangdata.com.cn

复旦大学循证护理中心微信公众号. 肌内注射进针后是否需要回抽血液?. 护士进修杂志. 2015, (4): 355 [2021-08-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-22）.

web.archive.org

Taylor, C.; Lillis, C.; LeMone, P. Fundamental of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing. 1990-01, 9 (1) [2021-05-07]. ISSN 0730-4625. （原始内容存档于2017-12-13）（美国英语）.
Saxen, Mark A. Chapter 17 - Pharmacologic Management of Patient Behavior. Dean, Jeffrey A. (编). McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent (Tenth Edition). St. Louis: Mosby. 2016-01-01: 303–327 [2021-08-24]. ISBN 978-0-323-28745-6. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-28745-6.00017-x. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.
Lankenau, Stephen E.; Clatts, Michael C. Drug injection practices among high-risk youths: the first shot of ketamine. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 2004-06, 81 (2) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1099-3460. PMC 1852476 . PMID 15136657. doi:10.1093/jurban/jth110. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）.
Polania Gutierrez, Javier J.; Munakomi, Sunil. Intramuscular Injection. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2022 [2022-11-01]. PMID 32310581. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
Sisson, Helen. Aspirating during the intramuscular injection procedure: a systematic literature review. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2015-09, 24 (17-18) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1365-2702. PMID 25871949. doi:10.1111/jocn.12824. （原始内容存档于2022-11-29）.
Mylan Specialty L.P. EPIPEN®- epinephrine injection, EPIPEN Jr®- epinephrine injection (PDF). FDA Product Label. [2014-01-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-02-01）.
Nicoll, Leslie H.; Hesby, Amy. Intramuscular injection: an integrative research review and guideline for evidence-based practice. Applied nursing research: ANR. 2002-08, 15 (3) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0897-1897. PMID 12173166. doi:10.1053/apnr.2002.34142. （原始内容存档于2022-10-01）.
Cook, Ian F. Best vaccination practice and medically attended injection site events following deltoid intramuscular injection. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2015-05-04, 11 (5) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 4514326 . PMID 25868476. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1017694. （原始内容存档于2022-11-09）（英语）.
Martín Arias, L. H.; Sanz Fadrique, R.; Sáinz Gil, M.; Salgueiro-Vazquez, M. E. Risk of bursitis and other injuries and dysfunctions of the shoulder following vaccinations. Vaccine. 2017-09-05, 35 (37) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 1873-2518. PMID 28774564. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.055. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）.
Jung Kim, Hyun; Hyun Park, Sang. Sciatic nerve injection injury. Journal of International Medical Research. 2014-08, 42 (4) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0300-0605. PMID 24920643. doi:10.1177/0300060514531924. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.
Bolger, Gordon T. Routes of Drug Administration☆. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. 2018-01-01 [2021-08-24]. ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11099-2. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.
Şanlialp Zeyrek, Arife; Takmak, Şenay; Kurban, Nevin Kuzu; Arslan, Sümeyye. Systematic review and meta‐analysis: Physical‐procedural interventions used to reduce pain during intramuscular injections in adults. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2019-12, 75 (12) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0309-2402. PMID 31452229. doi:10.1111/jan.14183. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.
复旦大学循证护理中心微信公众号. 肌内注射进针后是否需要回抽血液?. 护士进修杂志. 2015, (4): 355 [2021-08-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-22）.
Pinkbook. CDC. 2019-09-25 [2020-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-14）.
Vaccine administration practices: Canadian Immunization Guide. www.canada.ca. 2020-12-02 [2021-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-08）. Aspiration before injection of vaccine is not recommended, as there are no large blood vessels at the recommended immunization sites and not aspirating before injection has been demonstrated to reduce pain.
Praktisk info om vaksinasjon. Folkehelseinstituttet. [2021-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-20）. However, it is not recommended to aspirate before intramuscular and subcutaneous vaccine injection provided that the vaccine is placed in the appropriate place … does not involve the risk of injecting intravenously because there are no large blood vessels in these sites. Aspiration can cause the vaccination to be more painful because it takes longer to give the vaccine
Covid-19 vacciner skal gives med aspiration før injektion. Politik og nyheder, DSR. 2021-03-20 [2021-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-25）. The Danish Health and Medicines Authority's guidelines have long recommended this, and now the Statens Serum Institut is following suit.
Intramuskulær injektion på børn og voksne. www.ssi.dk. [2021-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-13）. Usually one does not need to aspirate before injecting a vaccine. However, in connection with the investigation of a possible association between injection of covid-19 vaccine from AstraZeneca and the occurrence of rare but severe cases of blood clots and bleeding, SSI recommends, for the time being, on a precautionary principle, to aspirate before administration. This applies to all the approved covid-19 vaccines
AstraZeneca vaccine: pull back or push through?. www.linkedin.com. [2021-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-22）.
Du Côté de la Science. Évènements thrombotiques après le vaccin AstraZeneca : et si c'était lié a une réponse immunitaire discordante ?. Du Côté de la Science. 2021-03-25 [2021-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-24）. Thus, one of the hypotheses linking the vaccine to the occurrence of severe thrombosis could be an accidental intravenous injection which, in the presence of factors not fully identified, would generate a discordant immune reaction with activation of the platelets, potentially associated with a NET effect or with a decrease in the level of ACE2 on the surface of endothelial cells, leading to an increased risk of thrombosis. A simple way to overcome this hypothetical accidental intravascular injection could be to verify the absence of blood return during vaccination, which is not currently recommended by the Ministry of Health.
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wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Şanlialp Zeyrek, Arife; Takmak, Şenay; Kurban, Nevin Kuzu; Arslan, Sümeyye. Systematic review and meta‐analysis: Physical‐procedural interventions used to reduce pain during intramuscular injections in adults. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2019-12, 75 (12) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0309-2402. PMID 31452229. doi:10.1111/jan.14183. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）（英语）.

doi.wiley.com

Beirne, Paul V; Hennessy, Sarah; Cadogan, Sharon L; Shiely, Frances; Fitzgerald, Tony; MacLeod, Fiona. Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Group , 编. Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018-08-09, 2018 (8). ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6513245 . PMID 30091147. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010720.pub3 （英语）.

worldcat.org

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Farley, H. F.; Joyce, N.; Long, B.; Roberts, R. Will that IM needle reach the muscle?. The American Journal of Nursing. 1986-12, 86 (12) [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0002-936X. PMID 3641525. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）.
Cocoman, Angela; Murray, John. Recognizing the evidence and changing practice on injection sites. British Journal of Nursing. 2010-10-01, 19 (18). ISSN 0966-0461. PMID 20948472. doi:10.12968/bjon.2010.19.18.79050 （英语）.
Beirne, Paul V; Hennessy, Sarah; Cadogan, Sharon L; Shiely, Frances; Fitzgerald, Tony; MacLeod, Fiona. Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Group , 编. Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018-08-09, 2018 (8). ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6513245 . PMID 30091147. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010720.pub3 （英语）.
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