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自由意志主義 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "自由意志主義" in Chinese language version.

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26web.archive.org
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7books.google.com
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4mises.org
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3google.it
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2archive.org
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2cato.org
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1britannica.com
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1worldcat.org
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1doi.org
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1cairn-int.info
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1stanford.edu
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1c4ss.org
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1libertarianism.org
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1theihs.org
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1free.fr
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1tomgpalmer.com
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1kent.edu
9,450th place
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1lewrockwell.com
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archive.org

books.google.com

  • Carlson, Jennifer D. (2012). "Libertarianism". In Miller, Wilburn R., ed. The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America. London: Sage Publications. p. 1006 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. ISBN 1412988764. "There exist three major camps in libertarian thought: right-libertarianism, socialist libertarianism, and left-libertarianism; the extent to which these represent distinct ideologies as opposed to variations on a theme is contested by scholars."
  • "The Rise of Social Anarchism". In Gaus, Gerald F.; D'Agostino, Fred, eds. (2012). The Routledge Companion to Social and Political Philosophy. p. 223 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "In the meantime, anarchist theories of a more communist or collectivist character had been developing as well. One important pioneer is French anarcho-communists Joseph Déjacque (1821–1864), who [...] appears to have been the first thinker to adopt the term "libertarian" for this position; hence "libertarianism" initially denoted a communist rather than a free-market ideology."
  • "Anarchism". In Gaus, Gerald F.; D'Agostino, Fred, eds. (2012). The Routledge Companion to Social and Political Philosophy. p. 227 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "In its oldest sense, it is a synonym either for anarchism in general or social anarchism in particular."
  • Marshall, Peter (2009). Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism. p. 641 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "For a long time, libertarian was interchangeable in France with anarchism but in recent years, its meaning has become more ambivalent. Some anarchists like Daniel Guérin will call themselves 'libertarian socialists', partly to avoid the negative overtones still associated with anarchism, and partly to stress the place of anarchism within the socialist tradition. Even Marxists of the New Left like E. P. Thompson call themselves 'libertarian' to distinguish themselves from those authoritarian socialists and communists who believe in revolutionary dictatorship and vanguard parties."
  • Goodway, David (2006). Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow: Left-Libertarian Thought and British Writers from William Morris to Colin Ward. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 4 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. ISBN 1846310253. ISBN 978-1846310256. "'Libertarian' and 'libertarianism' are frequently employed by anarchists as synonyms for 'anarchist' and 'anarchism', largely as an attempt to distance themselves from the negative connotations of 'anarchy' and its derivatives. The situation has been vastly complicated in recent decades with the rise of anarcho-capitalism, 'minimal statism' and an extreme right-wing laissez-faire philosophy advocated by such theorists as Murray Rothbard and Robert Nozick and their adoption of the words 'libertarian' and 'libertarianism'. It has therefore now become necessary to distinguish between their right libertarianism and the left libertarianism of the anarchist tradition".
  • Newman, Saul (2010). The Politics of Postanarchism, Edinburgh University Press. p. 43 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. ISBN 0748634959. ISBN 978-0748634958. "It is important to distinguish between anarchism and certain strands of right-wing libertarianism which at times go by the same name (for example, Murray Rothbard's anarcho-capitalism). There is a complex debate within this tradition between those like Robert Nozick, who advocate a 'minimal state', and those like Rothbard who want to do away with the state altogether and allow all transactions to be governed by the market alone. From an anarchist perspective, however, both positions—the minimal state (minarchist) and the no-state ('anarchist') positions—neglect the problem of economic domination; in other words, they neglect the hierarchies, oppressions, and forms of exploitation that would inevitably arise in a laissez-faire 'free' market. [...] Anarchism, therefore, has no truck with this right-wing libertarianism, not only because it neglects economic inequality and domination, but also because in practice (and theory) it is highly inconsistent and contradictory. The individual freedom invoked by right-wing libertarians is only a narrow economic freedom within the constraints of a capitalist market, which, as anarchists show, is no freedom at all".
  • Hussain, Syed B. Encyclopedia of Capitalism, Volume 2. New York: Facts on File Inc. 2004: 492 [2020-06-12]. ISBN 0816052247. （原始内容存档于2020-09-30）. In the modern world, political ideologies are largely defined by their attitude towards capitalism. Marxists want to overthrow it, liberals to curtail it extensively, conservatives to curtail it moderately. Those who maintain that capitalism is an excellent economic system, unfairly maligned, with little or no need for corrective government policy, are generally known as libertarians. 

britannica.com

  • Boaz, David. Libertarianism. 2009-01-30 [2017-02-21]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-04）. [L]ibertarianism, political philosophy that takes individual liberty to be the primary political value.  |encyclopedia=被忽略 (帮助)

c4ss.org

cairn-int.info

cato.org

doi.org

dx.doi.org

free.fr

joseph.dejacque.free.fr

google.it

books.google.it

  • Carlson, Jennifer D. (2012). "Libertarianism". In Miller, Wilbur R. The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia. SAGE Publications. p. 1006 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "[S]ocialist libertarians view any concentration of power into the hands of a few (whether politically or economically) as antithetical to freedom and thus advocate for the simultaneous abolition of both government and capitalism".
  • Marshall, Peter (2008). Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism. London: Harper Perennial. p. 641 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "Left libertarianism can therefore range from the decentralist who wishes to limit and devolve State power, to the syndicalist who wants to abolish it altogether. It can even encompass the Fabians and the social democrats who wish to socialize the economy but who still see a limited role for the State".
  • Miller, Wilbur R. (2012). The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia. SAGE Publications. p. 1006 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

kent.edu

cog.kent.edu

lewrockwell.com

libertarianism.org

mises.org

mises.org

cdn.mises.org

  • Rothbard, Murray. The Betrayal of the American Right (PDF). Mises Institute. 2009: 83 [2007] [2020-06-12]. ISBN 978-1610165013. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-12-21）. One gratifying aspect of our rise to some prominence is that, for the first time in my memory, we, 'our side,' had captured a crucial word from the enemy. 'Libertarians' had long been simply a polite word for left-wing anarchists, that is for anti-private property anarchists, either of the communist or syndicalist variety. But now we had taken it over. 

stanford.edu

plato.stanford.edu

  • Vallentyne, Peter. Libertarianism. Zalta, Edward N. (编). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Spring 2009. Stanford, California: Stanford University. March 2009 [2010-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-06）. Libertarianism is committed to full self-ownership. A distinction can be made, however, between right-libertarianism and left-libertarianism, depending on the stance taken on how natural resources can be owned. 

theihs.org

tomgpalmer.com

web.archive.org

  • Boaz, David. Libertarianism. 2009-01-30 [2017-02-21]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-04）. [L]ibertarianism, political philosophy that takes individual liberty to be the primary political value.  |encyclopedia=被忽略 (帮助)
  • Carlson, Jennifer D. (2012). "Libertarianism". In Miller, Wilburn R., ed. The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America. London: Sage Publications. p. 1006 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. ISBN 1412988764. "There exist three major camps in libertarian thought: right-libertarianism, socialist libertarianism, and left-libertarianism; the extent to which these represent distinct ideologies as opposed to variations on a theme is contested by scholars."
  • "The Rise of Social Anarchism". In Gaus, Gerald F.; D'Agostino, Fred, eds. (2012). The Routledge Companion to Social and Political Philosophy. p. 223 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "In the meantime, anarchist theories of a more communist or collectivist character had been developing as well. One important pioneer is French anarcho-communists Joseph Déjacque (1821–1864), who [...] appears to have been the first thinker to adopt the term "libertarian" for this position; hence "libertarianism" initially denoted a communist rather than a free-market ideology."
  • "Anarchism". In Gaus, Gerald F.; D'Agostino, Fred, eds. (2012). The Routledge Companion to Social and Political Philosophy. p. 227 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "In its oldest sense, it is a synonym either for anarchism in general or social anarchism in particular."
  • Rothbard, Murray. The Betrayal of the American Right (PDF). Mises Institute. 2009: 83 [2007] [2020-06-12]. ISBN 978-1610165013. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-12-21）. One gratifying aspect of our rise to some prominence is that, for the first time in my memory, we, 'our side,' had captured a crucial word from the enemy. 'Libertarians' had long been simply a polite word for left-wing anarchists, that is for anti-private property anarchists, either of the communist or syndicalist variety. But now we had taken it over. 
  • Marshall, Peter (2009). Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism. p. 641 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "For a long time, libertarian was interchangeable in France with anarchism but in recent years, its meaning has become more ambivalent. Some anarchists like Daniel Guérin will call themselves 'libertarian socialists', partly to avoid the negative overtones still associated with anarchism, and partly to stress the place of anarchism within the socialist tradition. Even Marxists of the New Left like E. P. Thompson call themselves 'libertarian' to distinguish themselves from those authoritarian socialists and communists who believe in revolutionary dictatorship and vanguard parties."
  • Carlson, Jennifer D. (2012). "Libertarianism". In Miller, Wilbur R. The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia. SAGE Publications. p. 1006 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "[S]ocialist libertarians view any concentration of power into the hands of a few (whether politically or economically) as antithetical to freedom and thus advocate for the simultaneous abolition of both government and capitalism".
  • Goodway, David (2006). Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow: Left-Libertarian Thought and British Writers from William Morris to Colin Ward. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 4 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. ISBN 1846310253. ISBN 978-1846310256. "'Libertarian' and 'libertarianism' are frequently employed by anarchists as synonyms for 'anarchist' and 'anarchism', largely as an attempt to distance themselves from the negative connotations of 'anarchy' and its derivatives. The situation has been vastly complicated in recent decades with the rise of anarcho-capitalism, 'minimal statism' and an extreme right-wing laissez-faire philosophy advocated by such theorists as Murray Rothbard and Robert Nozick and their adoption of the words 'libertarian' and 'libertarianism'. It has therefore now become necessary to distinguish between their right libertarianism and the left libertarianism of the anarchist tradition".
  • Marshall, Peter (2008). Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism. London: Harper Perennial. p. 641 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "Left libertarianism can therefore range from the decentralist who wishes to limit and devolve State power, to the syndicalist who wants to abolish it altogether. It can even encompass the Fabians and the social democrats who wish to socialize the economy but who still see a limited role for the State".
  • Spitz, Jean-Fabien. Left-wing libertarianism: equality based on self-ownership. Cairn-int.info. March 2006 [2018-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-23）. 
  • Newman, Saul (2010). The Politics of Postanarchism, Edinburgh University Press. p. 43 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. ISBN 0748634959. ISBN 978-0748634958. "It is important to distinguish between anarchism and certain strands of right-wing libertarianism which at times go by the same name (for example, Murray Rothbard's anarcho-capitalism). There is a complex debate within this tradition between those like Robert Nozick, who advocate a 'minimal state', and those like Rothbard who want to do away with the state altogether and allow all transactions to be governed by the market alone. From an anarchist perspective, however, both positions—the minimal state (minarchist) and the no-state ('anarchist') positions—neglect the problem of economic domination; in other words, they neglect the hierarchies, oppressions, and forms of exploitation that would inevitably arise in a laissez-faire 'free' market. [...] Anarchism, therefore, has no truck with this right-wing libertarianism, not only because it neglects economic inequality and domination, but also because in practice (and theory) it is highly inconsistent and contradictory. The individual freedom invoked by right-wing libertarians is only a narrow economic freedom within the constraints of a capitalist market, which, as anarchists show, is no freedom at all".
  • Vallentyne, Peter. Libertarianism. Zalta, Edward N. (编). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Spring 2009. Stanford, California: Stanford University. March 2009 [2010-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-06）. Libertarianism is committed to full self-ownership. A distinction can be made, however, between right-libertarianism and left-libertarianism, depending on the stance taken on how natural resources can be owned. 
  • Carson, Kevin (15 June 2014). "What is Left-Libertarianism?" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Center for a Stateless Society. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  • Hussain, Syed B. Encyclopedia of Capitalism, Volume 2. New York: Facts on File Inc. 2004: 492 [2020-06-12]. ISBN 0816052247. （原始内容存档于2020-09-30）. In the modern world, political ideologies are largely defined by their attitude towards capitalism. Marxists want to overthrow it, liberals to curtail it extensively, conservatives to curtail it moderately. Those who maintain that capitalism is an excellent economic system, unfairly maligned, with little or no need for corrective government policy, are generally known as libertarians. 
  • Miller, Wilbur R. (2012). The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia. SAGE Publications. p. 1006 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
  • Rothbard, Murray (1 March 1971). "The Left and Right Within Libertarianism" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. WIN: Peace and Freedom Through Nonviolent Action. 7 (4): 6–10. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  • Miller, Fred. Natural Law. 2008-08-15 [2019-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）.  |encyclopedia=被忽略 (帮助)
  • Boaz, David. Key Concepts of Libertarianism. Cato Institute. 2019-04-12 [2019-12-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-03）. 
  • What Is Libertarian. Institute for Humane Studies. [2019-12-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-01）. 
  • Déjacque, Joseph. Letter to P. J. Proudhon （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  • 存档副本 (PDF). [2008-08-15]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-10-02）. 
  • About Cato | Cato Institute. [2006-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2010-09-03）. 
  • Search | Mises Institute. [2006-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-05）. 
  • The Libertarian Case for Slavery*. [2006-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-01）. 
  • 存档副本. [2006-10-21]. （原始内容存档于2006-10-16）. 
  • 存档副本. [2006-10-21]. （原始内容存档于2006-11-21）. 

worldcat.org