艾伦·图灵 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Turing, Dermot. Prof: Alan Turing Decoded. The History Press. 2015: 69. ISBN 9781841656434.
Turing, Alan M. The Prof's Book: Turing's Treatise on the Enigma. 1940. In late 1940 Alan Turing wrote a report describing the methods he and his colleagues at Bletchley Park had used to break into the German Enigma cipher systems. At Bletchley it was known as 'the Prof's Book.' A copy of this handbook was at last released from secrecy by the American National Security Agency in April 1996, under the title Turing's Treatise on the Enigma. Subsequently, a much better original copy was released by the (British) National Archives, box HW 25/3. This also revealed a title which had been lost in the American copy: Mathematical theory of ENIGMA machine. (Though, oddly, the report does not actually have any mathematical theory.)
See for example Richelson, Jeffery T. A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford University Press. 1997: 296. and Hartcup, Guy. The Effect of Science on the Second World War. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press. 2000: 96–99.

bbc.co.uk

Vallance, Chris. Alan Turing papers on code breaking released by GCHQ. BBC News. 19 April 2012 [20 April 2012]. （原始内容存档于4 October 2012）.
Alan Turing: Colleagues share their memories. BBC News. 23 June 2012 [21 June 2018]. （原始内容存档于7 July 2018）.

news.bbc.co.uk

A number of sources state that Winston Churchill said that Turing made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany. However both The Churchill Centre and Turing's biographer Andrew Hodges have said they know of no documentary evidence to support this claim nor of the date or context in which Churchill supposedly said it, and the Churchill Centre lists it among their Churchill 'Myths', see Schilling, Jonathan. Churchill Said Turing Made the Single Biggest Contribution to Allied Victory. The Churchill Centre: Myths. [2015-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-05）. and Hodges, Andrew. Part 4: The Relay Race. Update to Alan Turing: The Enigma. [2015-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-17）. A BBC News profile piece that repeated the Churchill claim has subsequently been amended to say there is no evidence for it. See Spencer, Clare. Profile: Alan Turing. BBC News. 2009-09-11 [2018-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-20）. Update 13 February 2015

bbc.com

Copeland, Jack. Alan Turing: The codebreaker who saved 'millions of lives'. BBC News Technology. 2012-06-18 [2014-10-26]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-26）.
《圖靈法案》生效英數萬名歷史罪人被赦免. BBC新聞. 2017-01-31 [2017-02-03]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-02）（中文（繁體））.
"Science & Environment - Alan Turing: Separating the man and the myth". BBC. 2012-06-21 [2012-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-23）.

bletchleypark.org.uk

Bletchley Park Unveils Statue Commemorating Alan Turing. [2007-06-30]. （原始内容存档于2007-06-30）.

books.google.com

Hofstadter, Douglas R. Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and Pattern. Basic Books. 1985: 484. ISBN 978-0-465-04566-2. OCLC 230812136.

cix.co.uk

Hinsley, Harry, The Influence of ULTRA in the Second World War, 1996 [1993] [2022-07-12], （原始内容存档于2015-04-06） Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University

cna.com.tw

因同性戀獲罪英國特赦刷汙名（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），中央社，2013年12月24日

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

Jethro Mullen,"Alan Turing, British code-breaker castrated for homosexuality, receives pardon"[2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）,CNN.com,December 24, 2013 -- Updated 1205 GMT (2005 HKT).

cogprints.org

A.M. Turing. Computing Machinery and Intelligence (PDF). 1950 [2016-04-26]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-03-07）（英语）. [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

creativebits.org

Interview with Rob Janoff, designer of the Apple logo. creativebits. [2009-09-14]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-24）.

doi.org

艾倫·圖靈. On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem (PDF). Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 1937, s2–42 (1): 230–265. ISSN 0024-6115. OCLC 4655179592. Zbl 62.1059.03 请检查|zbl=的值 (帮助). doi:10.1112/PLMS/S2-42.1.230. Wikidata Q25864184 （英语）. (erratum)
Turing, A.M. Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 1939, s2–45: 161–228. ISSN 0024-6115. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-91CE-3 .
Turing, Alan. Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals (PhD论文). Princeton University. 1938. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-91CE-3 . ProQuest 301792588.

globerunner.org

Butcher, Pat. In Praise of Great Men. Globe Runner. 14 September 2009 [23 June 2012]. （原始内容存档于18 August 2013）.

guildford-dragon.com

Guildford Dragon NEWS. The Guildford Dragon. 29 November 2012 [31 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于19 October 2013）.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Turing, A.M. Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 1939, s2–45: 161–228. ISSN 0024-6115. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-91CE-3 .
Turing, Alan. Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals (PhD论文). Princeton University. 1938. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-91CE-3 . ProQuest 301792588.

i-programmer.info

Widespread Celebrations But No Pardon For Turing. I Programmer. 2012-02-06 [2012-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-25）.

independent.co.uk

Logos that became legends: Icons from the world of advertising. The Independent (London: www.independent.co.uk). 2008-01-04 [2009-09-14]. （原始内容存档于2009-10-03）.

jehps.net

See Section 3 of John Aldrich, "England and Continental Probability in the Inter-War Years", Journal Electronique d'Histoire des Probabilités et de la Statistique, vol. 5/2 Decembre 2009 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期21 April 2018. Journal Electronique d'Histoire des Probabilités et de la Statistique

kottke.org

Kottke, Jason. Turing was an excellent runner. kottke.org. [2022-07-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-09）.

nationalarchives.gov.uk

discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk

Turing, Alan. The Applications of Probability to Cryptography. c. 1941 [25 March 2015]. The National Archives (United Kingdom): HW 25/37. （原始内容存档于7 April 2015）.
Turing, Alan. Paper on Statistics of Repetitions. c. 1941 [25 March 2015]. The National Archives (United Kingdom): HW 25/38. （原始内容存档于8 April 2015）.

webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk

Gordon Brown. Treatment of Alan Turing was “appalling” - PM. number10. 2009-09-10. （原始内容存档于2011-07-03）（英语）.

nationalww2museum.org

Collins, Jeremy. Alan Turing and the Hidden Heroes of Bletchley Park: A Conversation with Sir John Dermot Turing. nationalww2museum.org. New Orleans: The National WWII Museum. 24 June 2020 [24 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-02）.

nature.com

Turing at 100: Legacy of a universal mind. Nature. 2012-02-22 [2012-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-12）.

nodak.edu

genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu

艾伦·图灵在數學譜系計畫的資料。

ntcu.edu.tw

mcdm.ntcu.edu.tw

電腦科學之父慘遭去勢 (PDF). 中國時報 (國立臺中教育大學). 2009-09-14 [2012-06-23]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04）.

number10.gov.uk

Gordon Brown. Treatment of Alan Turing was “appalling” - PM. number10. 2009-09-10. （原始内容存档于2011-07-03）（英语）.

oldshirburnian.org.uk

Alan Turing OBE, PhD, FRS (1912–1954). The Old Shirburnian Society. 1 September 2016 [10 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-04）（英国英语）.

pbs.org

Hilton, Peter. NOVA | Transcripts | Decoding Nazi Secrets | PBS. PBS. （原始内容存档于29 August 2019）.

princeton.edu

webspace.princeton.edu

Turing, A.M. Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals (PDF). 1938 [4 February 2012]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于23 October 2012）.

proquest.com

search.proquest.com

Turing, Alan. Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals (PhD论文). Princeton University. 1938. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-91CE-3 . ProQuest 301792588.

solidot.org

it.solidot.org

matrix. 英国首相布朗正式向艾伦图灵道歉. Solidot. 2009-09-10 [2022-03-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-15）（中文（简体））.

st-and.ac.uk

www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk

Butcher, Pat. Turing as a runner. The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. December 1999 [12 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于13 November 2014）.

swintons.net

Turing's Last, Lost work. [2011-11-28]. （原始内容存档于2003-08-23）.

systemtoolbox.com

Jones, G. James. Alan Turing – Towards a Digital Mind: Part 1. System Toolbox. 11 December 2001 [27 July 2007]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2007）.

taiwanaids.org.tw

不堪同性戀罪名數學家服毒自殺英相道歉還杜林清白. 中國時報 (財團法人台灣紅絲帶基金會). 2009-09-14 [2012-06-23]. ^{[永久失效連結]}

thegazette.co.uk

This month in history: Alan Turing and the Enigma code. thegazette.co.uk. [6 February 2019]. （原始内容存档于26 June 2019）.

theguardian.com

Cooper, Prof S. Barry. The Imitation Game: how Benedict Cumberbatch brought Turing to life. The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. 2014-10-07 [2017-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-14）.
Graham-Cumming, John. An Olympic honour for Alan Turing. The Guardian (London). 10 March 2010 [10 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于1 December 2016）.
Graham-Cumming, John. Alan Turing: a short biography. The Guardian. 10 March 2010 [12 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于8 November 2014）.

turing.org.uk

A number of sources state that Winston Churchill said that Turing made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany. However both The Churchill Centre and Turing's biographer Andrew Hodges have said they know of no documentary evidence to support this claim nor of the date or context in which Churchill supposedly said it, and the Churchill Centre lists it among their Churchill 'Myths', see Schilling, Jonathan. Churchill Said Turing Made the Single Biggest Contribution to Allied Victory. The Churchill Centre: Myths. [2015-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-05）. and Hodges, Andrew. Part 4: The Relay Race. Update to Alan Turing: The Enigma. [2015-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-17）. A BBC News profile piece that repeated the Churchill claim has subsequently been amended to say there is no evidence for it. See Spencer, Clare. Profile: Alan Turing. BBC News. 2009-09-11 [2018-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-20）. Update 13 February 2015
A suburban runner （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook
Hodges, Andrew. Alan Turing: a short biography. Alan Turing: The Enigma. [12 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于14 September 2013）.

udn.com

global.udn.com

登上£50新英鎊的圖靈：從「電腦之父」到同性戀平反的鈔票意義. [2019-07-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-15）.

umbc.edu

csee.umbc.edu

A.M. Turing. Computing Machinery and Intelligence (PDF). 1950 [2016-04-26]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-03-07）（英语）. [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

virginia.edu

cs.virginia.edu

艾倫·圖靈. On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem (PDF). Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 1937, s2–42 (1): 230–265. ISSN 0024-6115. OCLC 4655179592. Zbl 62.1059.03 请检查|zbl=的值 (帮助). doi:10.1112/PLMS/S2-42.1.230. Wikidata Q25864184 （英语）. (erratum)

web.archive.org

Cooper, Prof S. Barry. The Imitation Game: how Benedict Cumberbatch brought Turing to life. The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. 2014-10-07 [2017-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-14）.
Copeland, Jack. Alan Turing: The codebreaker who saved 'millions of lives'. BBC News Technology. 2012-06-18 [2014-10-26]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-26）.
A number of sources state that Winston Churchill said that Turing made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany. However both The Churchill Centre and Turing's biographer Andrew Hodges have said they know of no documentary evidence to support this claim nor of the date or context in which Churchill supposedly said it, and the Churchill Centre lists it among their Churchill 'Myths', see Schilling, Jonathan. Churchill Said Turing Made the Single Biggest Contribution to Allied Victory. The Churchill Centre: Myths. [2015-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-05）. and Hodges, Andrew. Part 4: The Relay Race. Update to Alan Turing: The Enigma. [2015-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-17）. A BBC News profile piece that repeated the Churchill claim has subsequently been amended to say there is no evidence for it. See Spencer, Clare. Profile: Alan Turing. BBC News. 2009-09-11 [2018-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-20）. Update 13 February 2015
A.M. Turing. Computing Machinery and Intelligence (PDF). 1950 [2016-04-26]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-03-07）（英语）. [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
A suburban runner （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook
Jones, G. James. Alan Turing – Towards a Digital Mind: Part 1. System Toolbox. 11 December 2001 [27 July 2007]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2007）.
Guildford Dragon NEWS. The Guildford Dragon. 29 November 2012 [31 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于19 October 2013）.
Alan Turing OBE, PhD, FRS (1912–1954). The Old Shirburnian Society. 1 September 2016 [10 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-04）（英国英语）.
See Section 3 of John Aldrich, "England and Continental Probability in the Inter-War Years", Journal Electronique d'Histoire des Probabilités et de la Statistique, vol. 5/2 Decembre 2009 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期21 April 2018. Journal Electronique d'Histoire des Probabilités et de la Statistique
Turing, A.M. Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals (PDF). 1938 [4 February 2012]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于23 October 2012）.
Clark, Liat. Turing's achievements: codebreaking, AI and the birth of computer science (Wired UK). Wired. 18 June 2012 [31 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2013）.
Turing, Alan. The Applications of Probability to Cryptography. c. 1941 [25 March 2015]. The National Archives (United Kingdom): HW 25/37. （原始内容存档于7 April 2015）.
Turing, Alan. Paper on Statistics of Repetitions. c. 1941 [25 March 2015]. The National Archives (United Kingdom): HW 25/38. （原始内容存档于8 April 2015）.
Vallance, Chris. Alan Turing papers on code breaking released by GCHQ. BBC News. 19 April 2012 [20 April 2012]. （原始内容存档于4 October 2012）.
Hilton, Peter. A Century of Mathematics in America, Part 1, Reminiscences of Bletchley Park (PDF). （原始内容存档 (PDF)于29 August 2019）.
Hilton, Peter. NOVA | Transcripts | Decoding Nazi Secrets | PBS. PBS. （原始内容存档于29 August 2019）.
Graham-Cumming, John. An Olympic honour for Alan Turing. The Guardian (London). 10 March 2010 [10 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于1 December 2016）.
Butcher, Pat. In Praise of Great Men. Globe Runner. 14 September 2009 [23 June 2012]. （原始内容存档于18 August 2013）.
Hodges, Andrew. Alan Turing: a short biography. Alan Turing: The Enigma. [12 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于14 September 2013）.
Graham-Cumming, John. Alan Turing: a short biography. The Guardian. 10 March 2010 [12 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于8 November 2014）.
Butcher, Pat. Turing as a runner. The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. December 1999 [12 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于13 November 2014）.
Kottke, Jason. Turing was an excellent runner. kottke.org. [2022-07-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-09）.
Hinsley, Harry, The Influence of ULTRA in the Second World War, 1996 [1993] [2022-07-12], （原始内容存档于2015-04-06） Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University
Collins, Jeremy. Alan Turing and the Hidden Heroes of Bletchley Park: A Conversation with Sir John Dermot Turing. nationalww2museum.org. New Orleans: The National WWII Museum. 24 June 2020 [24 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-02）.
Alan Turing: Colleagues share their memories. BBC News. 23 June 2012 [21 June 2018]. （原始内容存档于7 July 2018）.
This month in history: Alan Turing and the Enigma code. thegazette.co.uk. [6 February 2019]. （原始内容存档于26 June 2019）.
Bletchley Park Unveils Statue Commemorating Alan Turing. [2007-06-30]. （原始内容存档于2007-06-30）.
Turing's Last, Lost work. [2011-11-28]. （原始内容存档于2003-08-23）.
Turing at 100: Legacy of a universal mind. Nature. 2012-02-22 [2012-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-12）.
電腦科學之父慘遭去勢 (PDF). 中國時報 (國立臺中教育大學). 2009-09-14 [2012-06-23]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04）.
matrix. 英国首相布朗正式向艾伦图灵道歉. Solidot. 2009-09-10 [2022-03-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-15）（中文（简体））.
Widespread Celebrations But No Pardon For Turing. I Programmer. 2012-02-06 [2012-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-25）.
因同性戀獲罪英國特赦刷汙名（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），中央社，2013年12月24日
Jethro Mullen,"Alan Turing, British code-breaker castrated for homosexuality, receives pardon"[2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）,CNN.com,December 24, 2013 -- Updated 1205 GMT (2005 HKT).
《圖靈法案》生效英數萬名歷史罪人被赦免. BBC新聞. 2017-01-31 [2017-02-03]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-02）（中文（繁體））.
Geringer, Steven. ACM'S Turing Award Prize Raised To $250,000. ACM press release. 2007-07-27 [2008-10-16]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-30）.
登上£50新英鎊的圖靈：從「電腦之父」到同性戀平反的鈔票意義. [2019-07-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-15）.
Logos that became legends: Icons from the world of advertising. The Independent (London: www.independent.co.uk). 2008-01-04 [2009-09-14]. （原始内容存档于2009-10-03）.
Interview with Rob Janoff, designer of the Apple logo. creativebits. [2009-09-14]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-24）.
"Science & Environment - Alan Turing: Separating the man and the myth". BBC. 2012-06-21 [2012-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-23）.

wikidata.org

艾倫·圖靈. On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem (PDF). Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 1937, s2–42 (1): 230–265. ISSN 0024-6115. OCLC 4655179592. Zbl 62.1059.03 请检查|zbl=的值 (帮助). doi:10.1112/PLMS/S2-42.1.230. Wikidata Q25864184 （英语）. (erratum)

wikipedia.org

en.wikipedia.org

原型解碼機「炸彈（英语：Bombe）」經數學家戈登·魏齊曼（英语：Gordon Welchman）改良。^[15]

winstonchurchill.org

A number of sources state that Winston Churchill said that Turing made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany. However both The Churchill Centre and Turing's biographer Andrew Hodges have said they know of no documentary evidence to support this claim nor of the date or context in which Churchill supposedly said it, and the Churchill Centre lists it among their Churchill 'Myths', see Schilling, Jonathan. Churchill Said Turing Made the Single Biggest Contribution to Allied Victory. The Churchill Centre: Myths. [2015-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-05）. and Hodges, Andrew. Part 4: The Relay Race. Update to Alan Turing: The Enigma. [2015-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-17）. A BBC News profile piece that repeated the Churchill claim has subsequently been amended to say there is no evidence for it. See Spencer, Clare. Profile: Alan Turing. BBC News. 2009-09-11 [2018-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-20）. Update 13 February 2015

wired.co.uk

Clark, Liat. Turing's achievements: codebreaking, AI and the birth of computer science (Wired UK). Wired. 18 June 2012 [31 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2013）.

worldcat.org

Hofstadter, Douglas R. Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and Pattern. Basic Books. 1985: 484. ISBN 978-0-465-04566-2. OCLC 230812136.
艾倫·圖靈. On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem (PDF). Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 1937, s2–42 (1): 230–265. ISSN 0024-6115. OCLC 4655179592. Zbl 62.1059.03 请检查|zbl=的值 (帮助). doi:10.1112/PLMS/S2-42.1.230. Wikidata Q25864184 （英语）. (erratum)
Turing, A.M. Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 1939, s2–45: 161–228. ISSN 0024-6115. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-91CE-3 .

zbmath.org

艾倫·圖靈. On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem (PDF). Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 1937, s2–42 (1): 230–265. ISSN 0024-6115. OCLC 4655179592. Zbl 62.1059.03 请检查|zbl=的值 (帮助). doi:10.1112/PLMS/S2-42.1.230. Wikidata Q25864184 （英语）. (erratum)