苦瓜 (Chinese Wikipedia)

R, Karthick; Rajalingam, GV; Praneetha, S; Sujatha, KB. Effect of micronutrients on growth, flowering and yield of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) cv. co 1 6 (1). International Journal of Chemical Studies. 2018-01-01 [2018-04-23]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-13）（英语）.

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Renner, Suzanne. Bitter gourd from Africa expanded to Southeast Asia and was domesticated there: A new insight from parallel studies. PNAS. 2020-10-06, 117 (40): 24630–24631. PMC 7547224 . PMID 32994347. doi:10.1073/pnas.2014454117 .
Tao, Mei-Qi; Jahan, Mohammad Shah; Hou, Kun; Shu, Sheng. Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Rootstock Improves the Heat Tolerance of Cucumber by Regulating Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Defense Pathways 9 (6). Plants: 692. 2020-06 [2020-12-08]. doi:10.3390/plants9060692. （原始内容存档于2022-10-22）（英语）.
Grover, J.K; Yadav, S.P. Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2004-07, 93 (1): 123–132. PMID 15182917. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.035.
Beloin, Nadine; Gbeassor, Messanvi; Akpagana, Koffi; Hudson, Jim; de Soussa, Komlan; Koumaglo, Kossi; Arnason, J. Thor. Ethlastedicinal uses of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) in Togo and relation to its phytochemistry and biological activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2005-01, 96 (1–2): 49–55. PMID 15588650. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.009.
Joseph, B.; Jini, D. Antidiabetic effects of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) and its medicinal potency. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2013, 3 (2): 93–102. PMC 4027280 . doi:10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60052-3.
Elekofehinti, Olusola Olalekan; Ariyo, Esther Opeyemi; Akinjiyan, Moses Orimoloye; Olayeriju, Olanrewaju Sam; Lawal, Akeem Olalekan; Adanlawo, Isaac Gbadura; Rocha, Joao Batista Teixeira. Potential use of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) derived compounds as antidiabetics: In silico and in vivo studies. Pathophysiology. 2018-12, 25 (4): 327–333 [2022-09-12]. ISSN 0928-4680. PMID 29764719. S2CID 21713753. doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.05.003. （原始内容存档于2022-08-02）.
Wang, Bi-lian; Zhang, Wen-ji; Zhao, Jian; Wang, Fu-jun; Fan, Li-qiang; Wu, Yi-xin; Hu, Zhi-bi. Gene cloning and expression of a novel hypoglycaemic peptide from Momordica charantia: A novel hypoglycaemic peptide from Momordica charantia. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2011-10, 91 (13): 2443–2448. PMID 21626510. doi:10.1002/jsfa.4485.
Lo, Hsin-Yi; Ho, Tin-Yun; Lin, Chingju; Li, Chia-Cheng; Hsiang, Chien-Yun. Momordica charantia and Its Novel Polypeptide Regulate Glucose Homeostasis in Mice via Binding to Insulin Receptor. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2013-03-13, 61 (10): 2461–2468. PMID 23414136. doi:10.1021/jf3042402.
Chen, Qixuan; Chan, Laureen L. Y.; Li, Edmund T. S. Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Reduces Adiposity, Lowers Serum Insulin and Normalizes Glucose Tolerance in Rats Fed a High Fat Diet. The Journal of Nutrition. 2003-04-01, 133 (4): 1088–1093. PMID 12672924. doi:10.1093/jn/133.4.1088 .
Lo, Hsin-Yi; Ho, Tin-Yun; Lin, Chingju; Li, Chia-Cheng; Hsiang, Chien-Yun. Momordica charantia and its novel polypeptide regulate glucose homeostasis in mice via binding to insulin receptor. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2013-03-13, 61 (10): 2461–2468 [2018-02-22]. ISSN 1520-5118. PMID 23414136. doi:10.1021/jf3042402. （原始内容存档于2020-02-16）.
Lo, Hsin-Yi; Ho, Tin-Yun; Li, Chia-Cheng; Chen, Jaw-Chyun; Liu, Jau-Jin; Hsiang, Chien-Yun. A novel insulin receptor-binding protein from Momordica charantia enhances glucose uptake and glucose clearance in vitro and in vivo through triggering insulin receptor signaling pathway. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2014-09-10, 62 (36): 8952–8961 [2018-02-22]. ISSN 1520-5118. PMID 25144709. doi:10.1021/jf5002099. （原始内容存档于2020-02-16）.
Bachok, Mohd Faez; Yusof, Barakatun-Nisak Mohd; Ismail, Amin; Hamid, Azizah Abdul. Effectiveness of Traditional Malaysian Vegetables (ulam) in Modulating Blood Glucose Levels. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014-09-23, 23 (3): 369–376. PMID 25164446. doi:10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.3.01.
Ooi, Cheow Peng; Yassin, Zaitun; Hamid, Tengku-Aizan. Momordica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus (PDF). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012-08-15, (8): CD007845 [2022-09-12]. PMID 22895968. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007845.pub3. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-11-03）.
Nerurkar, Pratibha V.; Lee, Yun Kyung; Linden, Ellen H.; Lim, Steven; Pearson, Laurel; Frank, Jennifer; Nerurkar, Vivek R. Lipid lowering effects of Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) in HIV-1-protease inhibitor-treated human hepatoma cells, HepG2. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2006-08, 148 (8): 1156–1164 [2018-02-22]. ISSN 0007-1188. PMC 1752016 . PMID 16847441. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706821. （原始内容存档于2020-02-16）.

google.it

books.google.it

K, Lim T. Springer Science & Business Media , 编. Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 2, Fruits. 2012-02-01 [2021-05-09]. ISBN 978-94-007-1763-3 （英语）.

google.pt

books.google.pt

Pandey, Ram Krishna; Kumar, Prayank. GRIN Verlag , 编. Drying Kinetics of Green Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Slices in a Fluidized Bed Dryer. 2015-07-06 [2017-06-20]. ISBN 978-3-668-01149-6 （英语）. .

icrisat.org

ksiconnect.icrisat.org

Current status of bitter gourd production and marketing in Asia / Ric M. Reyes (PDF). [2022-09-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-09-12）（英语）.

ijasrm.com

Vivek Singh, D.K. Rana and K.N. Shah. Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) under Subtropical Conditions of Garhwal Himalaya (PDF). International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management: 31–34. 2018 [2022-09-12]. ISSN 2455-6378. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-06-26）（英语）.

indiatimes.com

articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Bagchi, Indrani. Food for thought: Green 'karela' for Red China. The Times of India. 2005-04-11. （原始内容存档于2013-05-24）.

lecourrier.vn

Truong Giang. À la découverte du lac Lak. Le Courrier du Vietnam. 2017-11-05 [2018-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-13）（法语）.

magluto.com

http://www.magluto.com/filipino-recipe-black-beans-with-bittermelon-leaves （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

mdpi.com

Tao, Mei-Qi; Jahan, Mohammad Shah; Hou, Kun; Shu, Sheng. Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Rootstock Improves the Heat Tolerance of Cucumber by Regulating Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Defense Pathways 9 (6). Plants: 692. 2020-06 [2020-12-08]. doi:10.3390/plants9060692. （原始内容存档于2022-10-22）（英语）.

mskcc.org

Bitter Melon. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-27）.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Renner, Suzanne. Bitter gourd from Africa expanded to Southeast Asia and was domesticated there: A new insight from parallel studies. PNAS. 2020-10-06, 117 (40): 24630–24631. PMC 7547224 . PMID 32994347. doi:10.1073/pnas.2014454117 .
Grover, J.K; Yadav, S.P. Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2004-07, 93 (1): 123–132. PMID 15182917. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.035.
Beloin, Nadine; Gbeassor, Messanvi; Akpagana, Koffi; Hudson, Jim; de Soussa, Komlan; Koumaglo, Kossi; Arnason, J. Thor. Ethlastedicinal uses of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) in Togo and relation to its phytochemistry and biological activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2005-01, 96 (1–2): 49–55. PMID 15588650. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.009.
Joseph, B.; Jini, D. Antidiabetic effects of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) and its medicinal potency. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2013, 3 (2): 93–102. PMC 4027280 . doi:10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60052-3.
Jiratchariyakul W, Wiwat C, Vongsakul M, Somanabandhu A, Leelamanit W, Fujii I, Suwannaroj N, Ebizuka Y. HIV inhibitor from Thai bitter gourd.. Planta Med. 2001. 11458453 （英语）.
。JNerurkar PV, Lee YK, Linden EH, Lim S, Pearson L, Frank J, Nerurkar VR. Lipid lowering effects of Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) in HIV-1-protease inhibitor-treated human hepatoma cells, HepG2.. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 [2010-01-08]. 16847441. （原始内容存档于2020-02-16）（英语）.
Elekofehinti, Olusola Olalekan; Ariyo, Esther Opeyemi; Akinjiyan, Moses Orimoloye; Olayeriju, Olanrewaju Sam; Lawal, Akeem Olalekan; Adanlawo, Isaac Gbadura; Rocha, Joao Batista Teixeira. Potential use of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) derived compounds as antidiabetics: In silico and in vivo studies. Pathophysiology. 2018-12, 25 (4): 327–333 [2022-09-12]. ISSN 0928-4680. PMID 29764719. S2CID 21713753. doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.05.003. （原始内容存档于2022-08-02）.
Wang, Bi-lian; Zhang, Wen-ji; Zhao, Jian; Wang, Fu-jun; Fan, Li-qiang; Wu, Yi-xin; Hu, Zhi-bi. Gene cloning and expression of a novel hypoglycaemic peptide from Momordica charantia: A novel hypoglycaemic peptide from Momordica charantia. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2011-10, 91 (13): 2443–2448. PMID 21626510. doi:10.1002/jsfa.4485.
Lo, Hsin-Yi; Ho, Tin-Yun; Lin, Chingju; Li, Chia-Cheng; Hsiang, Chien-Yun. Momordica charantia and Its Novel Polypeptide Regulate Glucose Homeostasis in Mice via Binding to Insulin Receptor. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2013-03-13, 61 (10): 2461–2468. PMID 23414136. doi:10.1021/jf3042402.
Chen, Qixuan; Chan, Laureen L. Y.; Li, Edmund T. S. Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Reduces Adiposity, Lowers Serum Insulin and Normalizes Glucose Tolerance in Rats Fed a High Fat Diet. The Journal of Nutrition. 2003-04-01, 133 (4): 1088–1093. PMID 12672924. doi:10.1093/jn/133.4.1088 .
Lo, Hsin-Yi; Ho, Tin-Yun; Lin, Chingju; Li, Chia-Cheng; Hsiang, Chien-Yun. Momordica charantia and its novel polypeptide regulate glucose homeostasis in mice via binding to insulin receptor. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2013-03-13, 61 (10): 2461–2468 [2018-02-22]. ISSN 1520-5118. PMID 23414136. doi:10.1021/jf3042402. （原始内容存档于2020-02-16）.
Lo, Hsin-Yi; Ho, Tin-Yun; Li, Chia-Cheng; Chen, Jaw-Chyun; Liu, Jau-Jin; Hsiang, Chien-Yun. A novel insulin receptor-binding protein from Momordica charantia enhances glucose uptake and glucose clearance in vitro and in vivo through triggering insulin receptor signaling pathway. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2014-09-10, 62 (36): 8952–8961 [2018-02-22]. ISSN 1520-5118. PMID 25144709. doi:10.1021/jf5002099. （原始内容存档于2020-02-16）.
Bachok, Mohd Faez; Yusof, Barakatun-Nisak Mohd; Ismail, Amin; Hamid, Azizah Abdul. Effectiveness of Traditional Malaysian Vegetables (ulam) in Modulating Blood Glucose Levels. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014-09-23, 23 (3): 369–376. PMID 25164446. doi:10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.3.01.
Ooi, Cheow Peng; Yassin, Zaitun; Hamid, Tengku-Aizan. Momordica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus (PDF). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012-08-15, (8): CD007845 [2022-09-12]. PMID 22895968. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007845.pub3. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-11-03）.
Nerurkar, Pratibha V.; Lee, Yun Kyung; Linden, Ellen H.; Lim, Steven; Pearson, Laurel; Frank, Jennifer; Nerurkar, Vivek R. Lipid lowering effects of Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) in HIV-1-protease inhibitor-treated human hepatoma cells, HepG2. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2006-08, 148 (8): 1156–1164 [2018-02-22]. ISSN 0007-1188. PMC 1752016 . PMID 16847441. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706821. （原始内容存档于2020-02-16）.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Elekofehinti, Olusola Olalekan; Ariyo, Esther Opeyemi; Akinjiyan, Moses Orimoloye; Olayeriju, Olanrewaju Sam; Lawal, Akeem Olalekan; Adanlawo, Isaac Gbadura; Rocha, Joao Batista Teixeira. Potential use of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) derived compounds as antidiabetics: In silico and in vivo studies. Pathophysiology. 2018-12, 25 (4): 327–333 [2022-09-12]. ISSN 0928-4680. PMID 29764719. S2CID 21713753. doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.05.003. （原始内容存档于2022-08-02）.

prota4u.org

Momordica charantia L. 2019-04-05 [2022-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-27）.

researchgate.net

Attila KESERÜ; et al. The Influence of Cultivation Method on Crop Production of Bitter Gourd (PDF). BulletinUASVM Horticulture 73. 2016-01: 4 [2022-09-13]. ISSN 1843-5394. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-25）（英语）.
Lovepreet Singh et Sukhwinder Singh Aulakh. Effect of mulching on cultivation, weed control and moisture conservation in Bitter Gourd (PDF). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences: 10 pages. 2018-07. ISSN 2319-7706 （英语）.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Elekofehinti, Olusola Olalekan; Ariyo, Esther Opeyemi; Akinjiyan, Moses Orimoloye; Olayeriju, Olanrewaju Sam; Lawal, Akeem Olalekan; Adanlawo, Isaac Gbadura; Rocha, Joao Batista Teixeira. Potential use of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) derived compounds as antidiabetics: In silico and in vivo studies. Pathophysiology. 2018-12, 25 (4): 327–333 [2022-09-12]. ISSN 0928-4680. PMID 29764719. S2CID 21713753. doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.05.003. （原始内容存档于2022-08-02）.

ugsha.ru

lib.ugsha.ru

Musikhin S. A., Fedorov A. V. , Ardasheva O. A. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИНТРОДУКЦИИ MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L. ПРИ ПРИВИВКЕ НА ВИДЫ ТЫКВ В УСЛОВИЯХ СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДУРАЛЬЯ (Résultat de la greffe de M. charentia sur diverses espèces de citrouilles) (PDF). АГРОНОМИЯ – ОВОЩЕВОДСТВО (СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ): 5. 2021 [2022-09-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-02-02）（俄语）.

uma.ac.ir

repository.uma.ac.ir

حیدری, محمد; اسماعیل پور, بهروز; ترابی گیگلو, موسی; شیخعلی پور, مرتضی. The effect of different media (Perlite, vermiculite, soil, cocopite) on vegetative growth, yield of medicinal plant Carla (Momordica charantia L.).. 2nd International and 6th National Iranian Congress on Organic vs. Conventional Agriculture (conférence). 2019-08-22 [2019-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-03）（英语）.

upm.edu.my

psasir.upm.edu.my

Ooi, Cheow Peng; Yassin, Zaitun; Hamid, Tengku-Aizan. Momordica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus (PDF). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012-08-15, (8): CD007845 [2022-09-12]. PMID 22895968. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007845.pub3. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-11-03）.

vietnamnet.vn

Sự kiện NÓNG. Canh khổ qua nhồi thịt thơm ngon bổ dưỡng. VietNamNet. 2018-04-29 [2018-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-20）.

web.archive.org

Bagchi, Indrani. Food for thought: Green 'karela' for Red China. The Times of India. 2005-04-11. （原始内容存档于2013-05-24）.
Vivek Singh, D.K. Rana and K.N. Shah. Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) under Subtropical Conditions of Garhwal Himalaya (PDF). International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management: 31–34. 2018 [2022-09-12]. ISSN 2455-6378. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-06-26）（英语）.
Momordica charantia L. 2019-04-05 [2022-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-27）.
R, Karthick; Rajalingam, GV; Praneetha, S; Sujatha, KB. Effect of micronutrients on growth, flowering and yield of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) cv. co 1 6 (1). International Journal of Chemical Studies. 2018-01-01 [2018-04-23]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-13）（英语）.
Attila KESERÜ; et al. The Influence of Cultivation Method on Crop Production of Bitter Gourd (PDF). BulletinUASVM Horticulture 73. 2016-01: 4 [2022-09-13]. ISSN 1843-5394. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-25）（英语）.
حیدری, محمد; اسماعیل پور, بهروز; ترابی گیگلو, موسی; شیخعلی پور, مرتضی. The effect of different media (Perlite, vermiculite, soil, cocopite) on vegetative growth, yield of medicinal plant Carla (Momordica charantia L.).. 2nd International and 6th National Iranian Congress on Organic vs. Conventional Agriculture (conférence). 2019-08-22 [2019-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-03）（英语）.
Tao, Mei-Qi; Jahan, Mohammad Shah; Hou, Kun; Shu, Sheng. Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Rootstock Improves the Heat Tolerance of Cucumber by Regulating Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Defense Pathways 9 (6). Plants: 692. 2020-06 [2020-12-08]. doi:10.3390/plants9060692. （原始内容存档于2022-10-22）（英语）.
Musikhin S. A., Fedorov A. V. , Ardasheva O. A. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИНТРОДУКЦИИ MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L. ПРИ ПРИВИВКЕ НА ВИДЫ ТЫКВ В УСЛОВИЯХ СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДУРАЛЬЯ (Résultat de la greffe de M. charentia sur diverses espèces de citrouilles) (PDF). АГРОНОМИЯ – ОВОЩЕВОДСТВО (СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ): 5. 2021 [2022-09-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-02-02）（俄语）.
Current status of bitter gourd production and marketing in Asia / Ric M. Reyes (PDF). [2022-09-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-09-12）（英语）.
zacsarian. RIC REYES Talks At International Bittergourd Conference - zac b. sarian. 2014-03-27 [2020-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-12）（英语）.
http://www.magluto.com/filipino-recipe-black-beans-with-bittermelon-leaves （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Truong Giang. À la découverte du lac Lak. Le Courrier du Vietnam. 2017-11-05 [2018-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-13）（法语）.
Sự kiện NÓNG. Canh khổ qua nhồi thịt thơm ngon bổ dưỡng. VietNamNet. 2018-04-29 [2018-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-20）.
Bitter Melon. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-27）.
。JNerurkar PV, Lee YK, Linden EH, Lim S, Pearson L, Frank J, Nerurkar VR. Lipid lowering effects of Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) in HIV-1-protease inhibitor-treated human hepatoma cells, HepG2.. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 [2010-01-08]. 16847441. （原始内容存档于2020-02-16）（英语）.
Yelchuri, Bala Murali Krishna. India-Tanzania-Thailand Scientists to Study 'Bitter Gourd' for anti-diabetes. ZME Science. 2012-01-22 [2022-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-12）.
Elekofehinti, Olusola Olalekan; Ariyo, Esther Opeyemi; Akinjiyan, Moses Orimoloye; Olayeriju, Olanrewaju Sam; Lawal, Akeem Olalekan; Adanlawo, Isaac Gbadura; Rocha, Joao Batista Teixeira. Potential use of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) derived compounds as antidiabetics: In silico and in vivo studies. Pathophysiology. 2018-12, 25 (4): 327–333 [2022-09-12]. ISSN 0928-4680. PMID 29764719. S2CID 21713753. doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.05.003. （原始内容存档于2022-08-02）.
Lo, Hsin-Yi; Ho, Tin-Yun; Lin, Chingju; Li, Chia-Cheng; Hsiang, Chien-Yun. Momordica charantia and its novel polypeptide regulate glucose homeostasis in mice via binding to insulin receptor. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2013-03-13, 61 (10): 2461–2468 [2018-02-22]. ISSN 1520-5118. PMID 23414136. doi:10.1021/jf3042402. （原始内容存档于2020-02-16）.
Lo, Hsin-Yi; Ho, Tin-Yun; Li, Chia-Cheng; Chen, Jaw-Chyun; Liu, Jau-Jin; Hsiang, Chien-Yun. A novel insulin receptor-binding protein from Momordica charantia enhances glucose uptake and glucose clearance in vitro and in vivo through triggering insulin receptor signaling pathway. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2014-09-10, 62 (36): 8952–8961 [2018-02-22]. ISSN 1520-5118. PMID 25144709. doi:10.1021/jf5002099. （原始内容存档于2020-02-16）.
Ooi, Cheow Peng; Yassin, Zaitun; Hamid, Tengku-Aizan. Momordica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus (PDF). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012-08-15, (8): CD007845 [2022-09-12]. PMID 22895968. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007845.pub3. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-11-03）.
Nerurkar, Pratibha V.; Lee, Yun Kyung; Linden, Ellen H.; Lim, Steven; Pearson, Laurel; Frank, Jennifer; Nerurkar, Vivek R. Lipid lowering effects of Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) in HIV-1-protease inhibitor-treated human hepatoma cells, HepG2. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2006-08, 148 (8): 1156–1164 [2018-02-22]. ISSN 0007-1188. PMC 1752016 . PMID 16847441. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706821. （原始内容存档于2020-02-16）.

worldcat.org

Vivek Singh, D.K. Rana and K.N. Shah. Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) under Subtropical Conditions of Garhwal Himalaya (PDF). International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management: 31–34. 2018 [2022-09-12]. ISSN 2455-6378. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-06-26）（英语）.
Attila KESERÜ; et al. The Influence of Cultivation Method on Crop Production of Bitter Gourd (PDF). BulletinUASVM Horticulture 73. 2016-01: 4 [2022-09-13]. ISSN 1843-5394. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-25）（英语）.
Lovepreet Singh et Sukhwinder Singh Aulakh. Effect of mulching on cultivation, weed control and moisture conservation in Bitter Gourd (PDF). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences: 10 pages. 2018-07. ISSN 2319-7706 （英语）.
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