Plato, Cratylus (c. 360 BCE). Series: Cambridge Studies in the Dialogues of Plato. Trans. David Sedley. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press. 2003. ISBN978-0-521-58492-0 also available from Project Gutenberg.
Russell, B. (1905) "On Denoting". Published in Mind.online text (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Neale, Stephen (1990) Descriptions, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
utm.edu
iep.utm.edu
Philosophy of Language. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. [2019-09-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-15) (英语).
web.archive.org
Philosophy of Language. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. [2019-09-22]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-15) (英语).
Russell, B. (1905) "On Denoting". Published in Mind.online text (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Neale, Stephen (1990) Descriptions, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.