路易·巴斯德 (Chinese Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "路易·巴斯德" in Chinese language version.
Last modified:
Ref.Un. Ref.Website
Global rank
Chinese rank
1st place
1st place
82nd place
964th place
low place
low place
2,009th place
2,169th place
6th place
2nd place
4,157th place
low place
7th place
21st place
149th place
7th place
low place
2,319th place
565th place
3,666th place
3rd place
6th place
1,292nd place
922nd place
low place
1,270th place
low place
low place
25th place
22nd place
low place
1,320th place
low place
low place
24.144 (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)
192.129.24.144
- George B. Kauffman and Robin D. Myers (1998)"Pasteur's resolution of racemic acid: A sesquicentennial retrospect and a new translation," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Chemical Educator, vol. 3, no. 6, pages (?).
archive-it.org (Global: 1,292nd place; Chinese: 922nd place)
wayback.archive-it.org
- H. D. Flack (2009) "Louis Pasteur's discovery of molecular chirality and spontaneous resolution in 1848, together with a complete review of his crystallographic and chemical work," Archive-It的存檔，存档日期2012年9月6日， Acta Crystallographica, Section A, vol. 65, pages 371-389.
archive.org (Global: 6th place; Chinese: 2nd place)
- Rene J. Dubos. Louis Pasteur Free Lance Of Science. Boston: Little, Brown And Company. 1950: 24.
- Gerald Geison. The Private Science of Louis Pasteur. Princeton University Press. 1995. ISBN 0-691-01552-X.
books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; Chinese: 6th place)
- L. Pasteur (1848) "Sur les relations qui peuvent exister entre la forme cristalline, la composition chimique et le sens de la polarisation rotatoire" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (On the relations that can exist between crystalline form, and chemical composition, and the sense of rotary polarization), Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 3rd series, vol. 24, no. 6, pages 442-459.
cctcc.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)
- 確定生源論的實驗-微生物歷史-微生物著名實驗-微生物數字博物館. 中国典型培养物保藏中心. [2013-08-23]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
chaoxing.com (Global: low place; Chinese: 1,270th place)
book.ln.chaoxing.com
- （法）R.瓦莱里-拉多. 微生物学的奠基人：巴斯德. 商务印书馆. 1985: 488 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-23）.
eeo.com.cn (Global: low place; Chinese: 1,320th place)
epaper.eeo.com.cn
- 方舟子. 巴斯德是否骗人——科学史上著名公案(30) (PDF). 经济观察报. 2009-04-13 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-04-23）.
en.wikisource.org (Global: 82nd place; Chinese: 964th place)
James J. Walsh. Louis Pasteur. 天主教百科全书. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
flack.ch (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)
crystal.flack.ch
- H. D. Flack (2009) "Louis Pasteur's discovery of molecular chirality and spontaneous resolution in 1848, together with a complete review of his crystallographic and chemical work," Archive-It的存檔，存档日期2012年9月6日， Acta Crystallographica, Section A, vol. 65, pages 371-389.
gmw.cn (Global: 2,957th place; Chinese: 127th place)
big5.gmw.cn
- 廖俊林. 人類抗病毒史話（4）免疫學的豐碑 巴斯德. 光明网. 2012-08-20 [2013-10-16]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-17）.
google.co.in (Global: 4,157th place; Chinese: low place)
books.google.co.in
- Feinstein S. Louis Pasteur: The Father of Microbiology. Enslow Publishers, Inc. 2008: 1–128 [2013-10-16]. ISBN 9781598450781. （原始内容存档于2014-11-10）.
- Vander Hook S. Louis Pasteur: Groundbreaking Chemist & Biologist. Minnesota, US: ABDO Publishing Company. 2011: 1–112 [2013-10-16]. ISBN 9781617589416. （原始内容存档于2014-11-10）.
infidels.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)
- Joseph McCabe. A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Freethinkers. Haldeman-Julius Publications. 1945 [2012-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-23）.
The anonymous Catholic author quotes as his authority the standard biography by Vallery-Radot, yet this describes Pasteur as a freethinker; and this is confirmed in the preface to the English translation by Sir W. Osler, who knew Pasteur personally. Vallery-Radot was himself a Catholic yet admits that Pasteur believed only in "an Infinite" and "hoped" for a future life. Pasteur publicly stated this himself in his Academy speech in 1822 (in V.R.). He said: "The idea of God is a form of the idea of the Infinite whether it is called Brahma, Allah, Jehova, or Jesus." The biographer says that in his last days he turned to the Church but the only "evidence" he gives is that he liked to read the life of St. Vincent de Paul, and he admits that he did not receive the sacraments at death. Relatives put rosary beads in his hands, and the Catholic Encyclopedia claims him as a Catholic in virtue of the fact and of an anonymous and inconclusive statement about him. Wheeler says in his Dictionary of Freethinkers that in his prime Pasteur was Vice-President of the British Secular (Atheist) Union; and Wheeler was the chief Secularist writer of the time. The evidence is overwhelming. Yet the Catholic scientist Sir Bertram Windle assures his readers that "no person who knows anything about him can doubt the sincerity of his attachment to the Catholic Church," and all Catholic writers use much the same scandalous language.
kepu.net.cn (Global: low place; Chinese: 2,319th place)
- 微生物学的奠基人——伟大的巴斯德. 中国科普博览. [2013-10-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-24）.
nouvelobs.com (Global: 565th place; Chinese: 3,666th place)
tempsreel.nouvelobs.com
- De Gaulle plus grand Français de tous les temps - Culture - Nouvelobs.com. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. [2011-11-05].
nybooks.com (Global: 2,009th place; Chinese: 2,169th place)
- M.F. Perutz. The Pioneer Defended. New York Review of Books. December 21 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-29）.
- Gerald L Geison. Pasteur and the Culture Wars: An Exchange. New York Review of Books. April 4 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-20）.
- William C. Summers. Pasteur’s ‘Private Science’. New York Review of Books. February 6 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-29）.
nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; Chinese: 21st place)
- Lewis Wolpert. Experiments in Deceit. The New York Times. 1995-05-07 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-28）.
- LAWRENCE K. ALTMAN. THE DOCTOR'S WORLD; Revisionist History Sees Pasteur As Liar Who Stole Rival's Ideas. The New York Times. 1995-05-16 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-23）.
pasteur-international.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)
- Institut Pasteur International Network. pasteur-international.org. [2013-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2014-06-06）.
pasteurbrewing.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)
- Pasteur Brewing. Louis Pasteur Timeline: The Life of Louis Pasteur. pasteurbrewing.com. [2013-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2013-08-27）.
- Brendon Barnett. Louis Pasteur: A Religious Man?. Pasteur Brewing. 2011-05-31 [2012-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-14）.
However, unlike many others, Pasteur asserted the preeminence of hypotheses over religious or metaphysical prejudices and always seemed willing to abandon theories that were outdated or useless in practicality. Pasteur often saw religion as a hinderance to scientific progress. In 1874, presiding over the award ceremony at the Collège of Arbois, he clearly stated his position: "I know that the word free thinker is written somewhere within our walls as a challenge and an affront. Do you know what most of the free thinkers want? Some want the freedom not to think at all and to be fettered by ignorance; others want the freedom to think badly; and others still, the freedom to be dominated by what is suggested to them by instinct and to despise all authority and all tradition. Freedom of thought in the Cartesian sense, freedom to work hard, freedom to pursue research, the right to arrive at such truth as is accessible to evidence and to conform one's conduct to these exigencies--oh! let us vow a cult to this freedom; for this is what has created modern society in its highest and most fruitful aspects." Pasteur had great respect for the unknown and the infinite, but did not allow himself to become a victim of superstition and fanatical religious explanations.
- Brendon Barnett. Louis Pasteur: A Religious Man?. Pasteur Brewing. 2011-05-31 [2012-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-14）.
Louis Pasteur did not deny religion, but was compelled to say that, "religion has no more place in science than science has in religion." The role of religion in his mind was clear: "In each one of us there are two men, the scientist and the man of faith or of doubt. These two spheres are separate, and woe to those who want to make them encroach upon one another in the present state of our knowledge!"
shuku.net (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)
- 解增泽（1998），第二十四章 微生物猎人——屡遭挫折的生物学家巴斯德 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
sina.com.cn (Global: 149th place; Chinese: 7th place)
blog.sina.com.cn
tze.cn (Global: low place; Chinese: 8,287th place)
art.tze.cn
- 陆师义. 巴斯德，L.. 中国大百科全书·生物学 I. 北京: 中国大百科全书出版社. 1991. ISBN 9787500003380.[失效連結]
web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; Chinese: 1st place)
- 微生物学的奠基人——伟大的巴斯德. 中国科普博览. [2013-10-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-24）.
- Feinstein S. Louis Pasteur: The Father of Microbiology. Enslow Publishers, Inc. 2008: 1–128 [2013-10-16]. ISBN 9781598450781. （原始内容存档于2014-11-10）.
- Vander Hook S. Louis Pasteur: Groundbreaking Chemist & Biologist. Minnesota, US: ABDO Publishing Company. 2011: 1–112 [2013-10-16]. ISBN 9781617589416. （原始内容存档于2014-11-10）.
- Pasteur Brewing. Louis Pasteur Timeline: The Life of Louis Pasteur. pasteurbrewing.com. [2013-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2013-08-27）.
- 廖俊林. 人類抗病毒史話（4）免疫學的豐碑 巴斯德. 光明网. 2012-08-20 [2013-10-16]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-17）.
- L. Pasteur (1848) "Sur les relations qui peuvent exister entre la forme cristalline, la composition chimique et le sens de la polarisation rotatoire" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (On the relations that can exist between crystalline form, and chemical composition, and the sense of rotary polarization), Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 3rd series, vol. 24, no. 6, pages 442-459.
- George B. Kauffman and Robin D. Myers (1998)"Pasteur's resolution of racemic acid: A sesquicentennial retrospect and a new translation," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Chemical Educator, vol. 3, no. 6, pages (?).
- 解增泽（1998），第二十四章 微生物猎人——屡遭挫折的生物学家巴斯德 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- 卢良恕（1990），微生物学之父——巴斯德 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- 確定生源論的實驗-微生物歷史-微生物著名實驗-微生物數字博物館. 中国典型培养物保藏中心. [2013-08-23]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
- （法）R.瓦莱里-拉多. 微生物学的奠基人：巴斯德. 商务印书馆. 1985: 488 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-23）.
- Brendon Barnett. Louis Pasteur: A Religious Man?. Pasteur Brewing. 2011-05-31 [2012-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-14）.
However, unlike many others, Pasteur asserted the preeminence of hypotheses over religious or metaphysical prejudices and always seemed willing to abandon theories that were outdated or useless in practicality. Pasteur often saw religion as a hinderance to scientific progress. In 1874, presiding over the award ceremony at the Collège of Arbois, he clearly stated his position: "I know that the word free thinker is written somewhere within our walls as a challenge and an affront. Do you know what most of the free thinkers want? Some want the freedom not to think at all and to be fettered by ignorance; others want the freedom to think badly; and others still, the freedom to be dominated by what is suggested to them by instinct and to despise all authority and all tradition. Freedom of thought in the Cartesian sense, freedom to work hard, freedom to pursue research, the right to arrive at such truth as is accessible to evidence and to conform one's conduct to these exigencies--oh! let us vow a cult to this freedom; for this is what has created modern society in its highest and most fruitful aspects." Pasteur had great respect for the unknown and the infinite, but did not allow himself to become a victim of superstition and fanatical religious explanations.
- Brendon Barnett. Louis Pasteur: A Religious Man?. Pasteur Brewing. 2011-05-31 [2012-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-14）.
Louis Pasteur did not deny religion, but was compelled to say that, "religion has no more place in science than science has in religion." The role of religion in his mind was clear: "In each one of us there are two men, the scientist and the man of faith or of doubt. These two spheres are separate, and woe to those who want to make them encroach upon one another in the present state of our knowledge!"
- Lewis Wolpert. Experiments in Deceit. The New York Times. 1995-05-07 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-28）.
- LAWRENCE K. ALTMAN. THE DOCTOR'S WORLD; Revisionist History Sees Pasteur As Liar Who Stole Rival's Ideas. The New York Times. 1995-05-16 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-23）.
- M.F. Perutz. The Pioneer Defended. New York Review of Books. December 21 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-29）.
- Gerald L Geison. Pasteur and the Culture Wars: An Exchange. New York Review of Books. April 4 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-20）.
- William C. Summers. Pasteur’s ‘Private Science’. New York Review of Books. February 6 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-29）.
- 方舟子. 巴斯德是否骗人——科学史上著名公案(30) (PDF). 经济观察报. 2009-04-13 [2013-10-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-04-23）.
- Institut Pasteur International Network. pasteur-international.org. [2013-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2014-06-06）.
- 杨威; 李志平. 巴斯德研究所面面观. 《医学与哲学：人文社会医学版》. 2008, (4): 67–69 [2013-10-16]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-09）.
webcitation.org (Global: 25th place; Chinese: 22nd place)
- Joseph McCabe. A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Freethinkers. Haldeman-Julius Publications. 1945 [2012-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-23）.
The anonymous Catholic author quotes as his authority the standard biography by Vallery-Radot, yet this describes Pasteur as a freethinker; and this is confirmed in the preface to the English translation by Sir W. Osler, who knew Pasteur personally. Vallery-Radot was himself a Catholic yet admits that Pasteur believed only in "an Infinite" and "hoped" for a future life. Pasteur publicly stated this himself in his Academy speech in 1822 (in V.R.). He said: "The idea of God is a form of the idea of the Infinite whether it is called Brahma, Allah, Jehova, or Jesus." The biographer says that in his last days he turned to the Church but the only "evidence" he gives is that he liked to read the life of St. Vincent de Paul, and he admits that he did not receive the sacraments at death. Relatives put rosary beads in his hands, and the Catholic Encyclopedia claims him as a Catholic in virtue of the fact and of an anonymous and inconclusive statement about him. Wheeler says in his Dictionary of Freethinkers that in his prime Pasteur was Vice-President of the British Secular (Atheist) Union; and Wheeler was the chief Secularist writer of the time. The evidence is overwhelming. Yet the Catholic scientist Sir Bertram Windle assures his readers that "no person who knows anything about him can doubt the sincerity of his attachment to the Catholic Church," and all Catholic writers use much the same scandalous language.