Karachentsev, Igor D.; Karachentseva, Valentina E.; Huchtmeier, Walter K.; Makarov, Dmitry I. A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies. The Astronomical Journal. 2003, 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905.
J. Kormendy, R. Bender, E. A. Ajhar, A. Dressler, S. M. Faber, K. Gebhardt, C. Grillmair, T. R. Lauer, D. Richstone, S. Tremaine. 哈勃太空望远镜证实一个1 X 10 9 Mʘ 黑洞位于NGC 4594. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1996, 473: L91–L94 [2007-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-10).
A. G. de Bruyn, P. C. Crane, R. M. Price, J. B. Carlson. 位于NGC 3031和NGC 4594中心的无线电放射源. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1976年, 46卷: 243–251页 [2022-07-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-10).
E. Hummel, J. M. van der Hulst, J. M. Dickey. 漩涡星系的无线电放射源- Starburst or accretion. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1984年, 134卷: 207–221页 [2022-07-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-10).
Karachentsev, Igor D.; Karachentseva, Valentina E.; Huchtmeier, Walter K.; Makarov, Dmitry I. A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies. The Astronomical Journal. 2003, 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905.
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[1] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Famous Sombrero Galaxy Shows Surprising Side
J. Kormendy, R. Bender, E. A. Ajhar, A. Dressler, S. M. Faber, K. Gebhardt, C. Grillmair, T. R. Lauer, D. Richstone, S. Tremaine. 哈勃太空望远镜证实一个1 X 10 9 Mʘ 黑洞位于NGC 4594. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1996, 473: L91–L94 [2007-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-10).
A. G. de Bruyn, P. C. Crane, R. M. Price, J. B. Carlson. 位于NGC 3031和NGC 4594中心的无线电放射源. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1976年, 46卷: 243–251页 [2022-07-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-10).
E. Hummel, J. M. van der Hulst, J. M. Dickey. 漩涡星系的无线电放射源- Starburst or accretion. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1984年, 134卷: 207–221页 [2022-07-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-10).