阿勒颇 (Chinese Wikipedia)

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Edward Dark. Aleppo's war economy. Al-Monitor. 2013-10-24 [2016-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-29）.

aleppo-city.gov.sy

Aleppo City official web Population facts 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-09-03.

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AJLabs. Mapping who controls what in Syria. Al Jazeera. 2024-12-01 （英语）.

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Almaany Team. معنى كلمة شَهْباءُ في معجم المعاني الجامع والمعجم الوسيط - معجم عربي عربي - صفحة 1. almaany.com. [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-23）.

archive.org

Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Masters. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. New York: Facts On File, Inc. 2009: 30-32. ISBN 0-8160-6259-5.
James Mather. Pashas: Traders and Travellers in the Islamic World. Yale University Press. 2009. ISBN 9780300170917.
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The Virtual Museum of Armenian Diaspora. Ministry of Diaspora of the Republic of Armenia. [2014-02-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-19）.

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bbc.com

Profile: Aleppo, Syria's second city. BBC. 2016-09-22 [2016-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-14）.

birdlife.org

"SY006: Sabkhat al-Jabbul" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） BirdLife IBA Factsheet

books.google.com

alfonso archi. Orientalia: Vol. 63. : 250 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-16）.
Paolo Matthiae; Licia Romano. 6 ICAANE. : 482 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-16）.
Trevor Bryce. Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. : 111 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-17）.
Paolo Matthiae; Nicoló Marchetti. Ebla and its Landscape: Early State Formation in the Ancient Near East. : 250 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-16）.
Cyrus Herzl Gordon; Gary Rendsburg; Nathan H. Winter. Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language, Volume 4. : 63,64,65,66 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-29）.
Trevor Bryce. Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. : 34 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-17）.
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Trevor Bryce. Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. : 111 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-16）.
Walter Emil Kaegi. Heraclius: Emperor of Byzantium. Cambridge University Press. 2003: 74 [2016-10-29]. ISBN 0-521-81459-6. （原始内容存档于2019-08-27）.
Lyons, M. C.; Jackson, D.E.P., Saladin: the Politics of the Holy War, Cambridge University Press, 1982, ISBN 978-0-521-31739-9
Peregrine, Peter Neal; Ember, Melvin; inc, Human Relations Area Files,. Encyclopedia of Prehistory: South and Southwest Asia. Springer. 2002: 42 [30 September 2011]. ISBN 978-0-306-46262-7. （原始内容存档于2014-01-01）.
Gren, Erik. Orientalia Suecana. Almquist & Wiksell Periodical Co. 2002: 37 [30 September 2011]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-26）.
Suraiya Faroqhi, Halil İnalcık, Donald Quataert (1997). "An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". Cambridge University Press. 788. ISBN 0-521-57455-2

britannica.com

Encyclopedia Britannica online. [2011-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-04）.

cbssyr.org

General Census of Population and Housing 2004. [2012-05-20]. （原始内容存档于20 May 2012）. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics. Aleppo Governorate. （阿拉伯文）

cbssyr.sy

Syria Central Bureau of Statistics. توزع المشتغلين(15 سنة فأكثر) حسب أقسام النشاط الإقتصادي الرئيسي والمحافظات والجنس ( حضر - ريف ). [2016-12-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-21）.
Syrian State Bureau of Statistics. استعمالات الأراضي حسب المحافظة 2010(ألف هكتار ). [2016-12-04]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-05）.

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Stephanie Freid. Syrian civil war forces business owners to relocate. CCTV America. 2015-01-05 [2016-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-02-26）.

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

200,000 civilians try to escape violence in Syrian city of Aleppo. [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-18）.

dailymail.co.uk

War-ravaged Syrian industrial zone hopes for new life. Dailymail. AFP. 2014-11-20 [2016-11-03]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-05）.

dailysabah.com

存档副本. [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-20）.

dailystar.com.lb

Lysandra Ohrstrom. Syria war wreaks havoc on drug industry. The Daily Star. 2013-07-01 [2016-12-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-12）.
Aleppo airport reopens after a year: Syria state media （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The Daily Star, 22 January 2014

earth-prints.org

Ambraseys, N., The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective (PDF), Annals of Geophysics (Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia), 2004, 47 (2–3): 743 [2016-10-29], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-08-08）

esyria.sy

eAleppo:Aleppo city major plans throughout the history. [2012-02-03]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-01）（阿拉伯语）.

gianlucaserra.com

Gianluca Serra; David Murdoch. Sabkhat al-Jabbul, a threatened Ramsar waterland in Syria. (PDF). Sandgrouse. 2006, 28 (2): 127–141 [2016-12-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-17）.

giz.de

www2.giz.de

Aleppo Urban Development Project. Report on Local Economic Development in Aleppo (PDF). 2010 [2016-12-03]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-10-21）.

google.com.qa

books.google.com.qa

Horowitz, Wayne. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Eisenbrauns. 1998 [29 August 2013]. ISBN 0-931464-99-4. （原始内容存档于2020-09-17）.

hadhramautnews.net

حلب الشهباء..معناهاوأهميتها عند النبي العربي إبراهيم الخليل. hadhramautnews.net. [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-06）.

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almashriq.hiof.no

Hugh Hughes. Middle East Railways. almashriq.hiof.no. [2009-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2009-06-27）.

independent.co.uk

Fisk, Robert. Robert Fisk: Syria is used to the slings and arrows of friends and enemies. The Independent. 1 February 2012 [15 September 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-20）. French handed it over to Turkey after a fraudulent referendum
Robert Fisk. Aleppo's Sheikh Najjar: The death of a once-rich city. Independent. 2014-06-06 [2016-11-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-04）.

jewishgen.org

Sarina Roffé. The Jews of Aleppo. The Jewishgen. [2016-12-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-12）.

latimes.com

Nabih Bulos. Aleppo was Syria's factory floor. Now it's in ruins and business leaders wonder if it's safe to rebuild. LA Times. 2016-11-15 [2016-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-26）.

madinatuna.com

Madinatuna: Aleppo City Development Strategy Economy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

mapaction.org

Syria needs analysis project. ALEPPO – Governorate profile. [2016-11-30]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-25）.

nytimes.com

Crime Wave Engulfs Syria as Its Cities Reel From War. The New York Times. 2012-08-09 [2016-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-03）.
Anne Barnard. Once Bustling, Syria’s Fractured Railroad Is a Testament to Shattered Ambitions. New York Times. [2016-11-21]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-09）.

panoramaline.com

Aleppo in History. Panoramaline.com. [11 March 2012]. （原始内容存档于15 March 2012）.

politico.com

Barak Barfi. In Aleppo, I Saw Why Assad Is Winning. Politico. 2016-12-02 [2016-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-16）.

souriabaladi.com

The origin of the name Aleppo. [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-18）.

syria-news.com

Syria News statement by Syrian Minister of Local Administration, Syria (Arabic, August 2009) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

syrianef.org

Syrian Economic Forum. Economics of Aleppo (PDF). 2015 [2016-12-03]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-17）.
Abdullah Hamada. The Syrian crisis: Repercussions of the pharmaceutical industry. (PDF). Syrian Economic Forum. 2014 [2016-12-03]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-17）.

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terezia.org

Saint Terezia Church Aleppo Christians in Aleppo at the end of the Ottoman Empire （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Aleppo Int. Airport Historical Overview （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

thealeppoproject.com

Karam Shaar. Economy (PDF). [2016-12-05]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-20）.

thearabweekly.com

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theatlantic.com

Alan Taylor. Aleppo Before the War. the Atlantic. 2016-12-21 [2017-01-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-01）.

theguardian.com

Jasanoff, Maya. Pashas: Traders and Travellers in the Islamic World by James Mather. The Guardian. 5 December 2009. （原始内容存档于2016-09-23）.

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tuonela.tripod.com

Ferenc Valoczy. CFS - Chemins de Fer Syriens. [2016-11-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-17）.

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weather.gov.hk

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web.archive.org

Almaany Team. معنى كلمة شَهْباءُ في معجم المعاني الجامع والمعجم الوسيط - معجم عربي عربي - صفحة 1. almaany.com. [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-23）.
Syria News statement by Syrian Minister of Local Administration, Syria (Arabic, August 2009) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Aleppo City official web Population facts 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-09-03.
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حلب الشهباء..معناهاوأهميتها عند النبي العربي إبراهيم الخليل. hadhramautnews.net. [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-06）.
存档副本. [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-20）.
alfonso archi. Orientalia: Vol. 63. : 250 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-16）.
Paolo Matthiae; Licia Romano. 6 ICAANE. : 482 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-16）.
Trevor Bryce. Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. : 111 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-17）.
Paolo Matthiae; Nicoló Marchetti. Ebla and its Landscape: Early State Formation in the Ancient Near East. : 250 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-16）.
Horowitz, Wayne. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Eisenbrauns. 1998 [29 August 2013]. ISBN 0-931464-99-4. （原始内容存档于2020-09-17）.
Cyrus Herzl Gordon; Gary Rendsburg; Nathan H. Winter. Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language, Volume 4. : 63,64,65,66 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-29）.
Trevor Bryce. Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. : 34 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-17）.
Trevor Bryce. The Kingdom of the Hittites. : 152 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-16）.
Trevor Bryce. Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. : 111 [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-16）.
Ancient Villages of Northern Syria. UNESCO. [2016-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2016-07-20）.
Walter Emil Kaegi. Heraclius: Emperor of Byzantium. Cambridge University Press. 2003: 74 [2016-10-29]. ISBN 0-521-81459-6. （原始内容存档于2019-08-27）.
Encyclopedia Britannica online. [2011-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-04）.
Ambraseys, N., The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective (PDF), Annals of Geophysics (Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia), 2004, 47 (2–3): 743 [2016-10-29], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-08-08）
Alan Taylor. Aleppo Before the War. the Atlantic. 2016-12-21 [2017-01-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-01）.
Aleppo in History. Panoramaline.com. [11 March 2012]. （原始内容存档于15 March 2012）.
Jasanoff, Maya. Pashas: Traders and Travellers in the Islamic World by James Mather. The Guardian. 5 December 2009. （原始内容存档于2016-09-23）.
Fisk, Robert. Robert Fisk: Syria is used to the slings and arrows of friends and enemies. The Independent. 1 February 2012 [15 September 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-20）. French handed it over to Turkey after a fraudulent referendum
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Peregrine, Peter Neal; Ember, Melvin; inc, Human Relations Area Files,. Encyclopedia of Prehistory: South and Southwest Asia. Springer. 2002: 42 [30 September 2011]. ISBN 978-0-306-46262-7. （原始内容存档于2014-01-01）.
Gren, Erik. Orientalia Suecana. Almquist & Wiksell Periodical Co. 2002: 37 [30 September 2011]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-26）.
"SY006: Sabkhat al-Jabbul" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） BirdLife IBA Factsheet
Gianluca Serra; David Murdoch. Sabkhat al-Jabbul, a threatened Ramsar waterland in Syria. (PDF). Sandgrouse. 2006, 28 (2): 127–141 [2016-12-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-17）.
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Average Conditions Aleppo, Syria. BBC Weather. [10 November 2012]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-26）.
200,000 civilians try to escape violence in Syrian city of Aleppo. [2016-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-18）.
Saint Terezia Church Aleppo Christians in Aleppo at the end of the Ottoman Empire （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Suraiya Faroqhi, Halil İnalcık, Donald Quataert (1997). "An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". Cambridge University Press. 788. ISBN 0-521-57455-2
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Madinatuna: Aleppo City Development Strategy Economy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Syria Central Bureau of Statistics. توزع المشتغلين(15 سنة فأكثر) حسب أقسام النشاط الإقتصادي الرئيسي والمحافظات والجنس ( حضر - ريف ). [2016-12-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-21）.
Aleppo Urban Development Project. Report on Local Economic Development in Aleppo (PDF). 2010 [2016-12-03]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-10-21）.
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155 billion Syrian Pounds invested in Aleppo Industrial City. Aksalser.com. [11 March 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-03）.
Lysandra Ohrstrom. Syria war wreaks havoc on drug industry. The Daily Star. 2013-07-01 [2016-12-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-12）.
Abdullah Hamada. The Syrian crisis: Repercussions of the pharmaceutical industry. (PDF). Syrian Economic Forum. 2014 [2016-12-03]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-17）.
Syrian State Bureau of Statistics. استعمالات الأراضي حسب المحافظة 2010(ألف هكتار ). [2016-12-04]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-05）.
Robert Fisk. Aleppo's Sheikh Najjar: The death of a once-rich city. Independent. 2014-06-06 [2016-11-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-04）.
War-ravaged Syrian industrial zone hopes for new life. Dailymail. AFP. 2014-11-20 [2016-11-03]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-05）.
Fehim Taştekin. Return to Aleppo: A squandered legacy. Al-Monitor. 2017-01-12 [2017-01-15]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-14）.
Barak Barfi. In Aleppo, I Saw Why Assad Is Winning. Politico. 2016-12-02 [2016-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-16）.
Nabih Bulos. Aleppo was Syria's factory floor. Now it's in ruins and business leaders wonder if it's safe to rebuild. LA Times. 2016-11-15 [2016-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-26）.
Crime Wave Engulfs Syria as Its Cities Reel From War. The New York Times. 2012-08-09 [2016-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-03）.
Younes Ahmed. Syrian factories relocating to coastal area. The Arab Weekly. 2015-06-26 [2016-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-06）.
Stephanie Freid. Syrian civil war forces business owners to relocate. CCTV America. 2015-01-05 [2016-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-02-26）.
Aleppo airport reopens after a year: Syria state media （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The Daily Star, 22 January 2014
Edward Dark. Aleppo's war economy. Al-Monitor. 2013-10-24 [2016-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-29）.
Karam Shaar. Economy (PDF). [2016-12-05]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-20）.
Hugh Hughes. Middle East Railways. almashriq.hiof.no. [2009-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2009-06-27）.
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Barry, Keith. After Decades of War, Iraq Adds Fleet of New Trains to Its Aging Railway. Wired.com. March 24, 2014 [27 September 2015]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-09）.
Ferenc Valoczy. CFS - Chemins de Fer Syriens. [2016-11-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-17）.
Anne Barnard. Once Bustling, Syria’s Fractured Railroad Is a Testament to Shattered Ambitions. New York Times. [2016-11-21]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-09）.
Aleppo Int. Airport Historical Overview （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

webcitation.org

eAleppo:Aleppo city major plans throughout the history. [2012-02-03]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-01）（阿拉伯语）.

wired.com

Barry, Keith. After Decades of War, Iraq Adds Fleet of New Trains to Its Aging Railway. Wired.com. March 24, 2014 [27 September 2015]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-09）.

wmo.int

worldweather.wmo.int

WMO. Homs, Syrian Arab Republic. [2016-11-30]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-30）.
World Weather Information Service – Aleppo. World Meteorological Organization. [10 November 2012]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-15）.