阿卜杜勒-麦立克·本·麦尔万·本·赫凯姆 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "阿卜杜勒-麦立克·本·麦尔万·本·赫凯姆" in Chinese language version.

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academia.edu (Global: 121^st place; Chinese: 591^st place)

Hoyland 2007，第594頁. Hoyland, Robert. Writing the Biography of Muhammad. History Compass. 2007, 5: 581–602 [2021-08-25]. doi:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2007.00395.x. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）.
Hoyland 2007，第593–596頁. Hoyland, Robert. Writing the Biography of Muhammad. History Compass. 2007, 5: 581–602 [2021-08-25]. doi:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2007.00395.x. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）.
Jankowiak 2013，第264頁. Jankowiak, Marek. The First Arab Siege of Constantinople. Zuckerman, Constantin (编). Travaux et mémoires, Vol. 17: Constructing the Seventh Century. Paris: Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance. 2013: 237–320 [2021-08-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-24）.
Jankowiak 2013，第273頁. Jankowiak, Marek. The First Arab Siege of Constantinople. Zuckerman, Constantin (编). Travaux et mémoires, Vol. 17: Constructing the Seventh Century. Paris: Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance. 2013: 237–320 [2021-08-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-24）.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Chinese: 4^th place)

Wellhausen 1927，第215頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第222頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第204頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第195–196頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第197頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第420頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第421頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第197–198頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第198頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第199頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第200頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第227頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第229頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第228–229頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第231頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第220–221頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第221頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第219–220頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第223頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第221–222頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.
Wellhausen 1927，第167, 222頁. Wellhausen, Julius. The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. 由Margaret Graham Weir翻译. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 1927. OCLC 752790641.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Chinese: 8^th place)

Crone & Hinds 1986，第11頁. Crone, Patricia; Hinds, Martin. God's Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1986 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 0-521-32185-9. （原始内容存档于2022-01-20）.
Marsham 2018，第7–8頁. Marsham, Andrew. "God's Caliph" Revisited: Umayyad Political Thought in its Late Antique Context. George, Alain; Marsham, Andrew (编). Power, Patronage, and Memory in Early Islam: Perspectives on Umayyad Elites. New York: Oxford University Press. 2018 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0-19-049893-1. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）.
Anjum 2012，第47頁. Anjum, Ovamir. Politics, Law, and Community in Islamic Thought: The Taymiyyan Moment. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2012 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-1-107-01406-0. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）.
Crone & Hinds 1986，第7–8頁. Crone, Patricia; Hinds, Martin. God's Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1986 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 0-521-32185-9. （原始内容存档于2022-01-20）.
Marsham 2018，第7頁. Marsham, Andrew. "God's Caliph" Revisited: Umayyad Political Thought in its Late Antique Context. George, Alain; Marsham, Andrew (编). Power, Patronage, and Memory in Early Islam: Perspectives on Umayyad Elites. New York: Oxford University Press. 2018 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0-19-049893-1. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）.
Kennedy 2016，第80頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Third. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
Dixon 1971，第15頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Dixon 1971，15页注释1–2. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Ahmed 2010，第111頁. Ahmed, Asad Q. The Religious Elite of the Early Islamic Ḥijāz: Five Prosopographical Case Studies. Oxford: University of Oxford Linacre College Unit for Prosopographical Research. 2010 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-1-900934-13-8. （原始内容存档于2020-07-09）.
Donner 1981，第77–78頁. Donner, Fred M. The Early Islamic Conquests. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1981 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 0-691-05327-8. （原始内容存档于2020-08-19）.
Dixon 1971，第20頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Dixon 1971，第16頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Dixon 1971，第17頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Kennedy 2016，第78–79頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Third. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
Hawting 2000，第48頁. Hawting, Gerald R. The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 Second. London and New York: Routledge. 2000. ISBN 0-415-24072-7 （英语）.
Kennedy 2016，第79頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Third. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
Dixon 1971，第21頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Dixon 1971，第18頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Crone 1980，第100, 125頁. Crone, Patricia. Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1980. ISBN 0-521-52940-9.
Elad 1999，第24頁. Elad, Amikam. Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship: Holy Places, Ceremonies, Pilgrimage 2nd. Leiden: Brill. 1999 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 90-04-10010-5. （原始内容存档于2019-03-31）.
Hawting 2000，第59頁. Hawting, Gerald R. The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 Second. London and New York: Routledge. 2000. ISBN 0-415-24072-7 （英语）.
Hawting 2000，第58–59頁. Hawting, Gerald R. The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 Second. London and New York: Routledge. 2000. ISBN 0-415-24072-7 （英语）.
Kennedy 2001，第35頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London and New York: Routledge. 2001. ISBN 0-415-25093-5.
Biesterfeldt & Günther 2018，第986頁. Biesterfeldt, Hinrich; Günther, Sebastian. The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī (Volume 3): An English Translation. Leiden: Brill. 2018 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-90-04-35621-4. （原始内容存档于2022-02-18）.
Crone 1980，第163頁. Crone, Patricia. Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1980. ISBN 0-521-52940-9.
Kennedy 2016，第81頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Third. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
Kennedy 2001，第32頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London and New York: Routledge. 2001. ISBN 0-415-25093-5.
Kennedy 2016，第80–81頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Third. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
Kennedy 2001，第33頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London and New York: Routledge. 2001. ISBN 0-415-25093-5.
Blankinship 1994，第28頁. Blankinship, Khalid Yahya. The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 1994. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7.
Eger 2015，第295–296頁. Eger, A. Asa. The Islamic-Byzantine Frontier: Interaction and Exchange Among Muslim and Christian Communities. London and New York: I. B. Tauris. 2015 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-1-78076-157-2. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）.
Eger 2015，第296頁. Eger, A. Asa. The Islamic-Byzantine Frontier: Interaction and Exchange Among Muslim and Christian Communities. London and New York: I. B. Tauris. 2015 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-1-78076-157-2. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）.
Blankinship 1994，第27–28頁. Blankinship, Khalid Yahya. The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 1994. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7.
Dixon 1971，第125頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Hawting 2000，第58-59頁. Hawting, Gerald R. The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 Second. London and New York: Routledge. 2000. ISBN 0-415-24072-7 （英语）.
Dixon 1971，第92–93頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Dixon 1971，第102頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Kennedy 2016，第84頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Third. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
Dixon 1971，第93頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Kennedy 2016，第86–87頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Third. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
Kennedy 2016，第87頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Third. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
Fishbein 1990，第181頁. Fishbein, Michael (编). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXI: The Victory of the Marwānids, A.D. 685–693/A.H. 66–73. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 1990. ISBN 978-0-7914-0221-4.
Dixon 1971，第133–134頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Dixon 1971，第140頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Ahmed 2010，第152頁. Ahmed, Asad Q. The Religious Elite of the Early Islamic Ḥijāz: Five Prosopographical Case Studies. Oxford: University of Oxford Linacre College Unit for Prosopographical Research. 2010 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-1-900934-13-8. （原始内容存档于2020-07-09）.
Hawting 2000，第58頁. Hawting, Gerald R. The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 Second. London and New York: Routledge. 2000. ISBN 0-415-24072-7 （英语）.
Kennedy 2001，第33–34頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London and New York: Routledge. 2001. ISBN 0-415-25093-5.
Kennedy 2016，第89頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Third. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
Kennedy 2016，第88頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Third. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
Kennedy 2001，第34頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London and New York: Routledge. 2001. ISBN 0-415-25093-5.
Kennedy 2016，第85頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Third. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
Ditten 1993，第308–314頁. Ditten, Hans. Ethnische Verschiebungen zwischen der Balkanhalbinsel und Kleinasien vom Ende des 6. bis zur zweiten Hälfte des 9. Jahrhunderts. Berlin: Akademie Verlag. 1993 [2022-12-28]. ISBN 3-05-001990-5. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）（德语）.
Blankinship 1994，第31頁. Blankinship, Khalid Yahya. The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 1994. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7.
Ditten 1993，第314–317頁. Ditten, Hans. Ethnische Verschiebungen zwischen der Balkanhalbinsel und Kleinasien vom Ende des 6. bis zur zweiten Hälfte des 9. Jahrhunderts. Berlin: Akademie Verlag. 1993 [2022-12-28]. ISBN 3-05-001990-5. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）（德语）.
Blankinship 1994，第107頁. Blankinship, Khalid Yahya. The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 1994. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7.
Kaegi 2010，第13–14頁. Kaegi, Walter E. Muslim Expansion and Byzantine Collapse in North Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2010 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0-521-19677-2. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）.
Kaegi 2010，第14頁. Kaegi, Walter E. Muslim Expansion and Byzantine Collapse in North Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2010 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0-521-19677-2. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）.
Kennedy 2007，第217頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-306-81740-3.
Dixon 1971，第120頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Dixon 1971，第96–98頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Dixon 1971，第103–104頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Dixon 1971，第96–98, 103–104頁. Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer. The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (A Political Study). London: Luzac. 1971 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 978-0718901493. （原始内容存档于2021-04-06）.
Hinds 1990，第125–126頁. Hinds, Martin (编). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXIII: The Zenith of the Marwānid House: The Last Years of ʿAbd al-Malik and the Caliphate of al-Walīd, A.D. 700–715/A.H. 81–95. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 1990. ISBN 978-0-88706-721-1.
Hawting 2000，第62頁. Hawting, Gerald R. The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 Second. London and New York: Routledge. 2000. ISBN 0-415-24072-7 （英语）.
Blankinship 1994，第78頁. Blankinship, Khalid Yahya. The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 1994. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7.
Kennedy 2016，第90頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Third. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
Kennedy 2016，第72, 76, 85頁. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century Third. Oxford and New York: Routledge. 2016. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
Hawting 2000，第64頁. Hawting, Gerald R. The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 Second. London and New York: Routledge. 2000. ISBN 0-415-24072-7 （英语）.
Sharon 2004，第95頁. Sharon, Moshe. Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae (CIAP): D-F. Volume Three. Leiden and Boston: Brill. 2004 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 90-04-13197-3. （原始内容存档于2022-01-15）.
Elad 1999，第26頁. Elad, Amikam. Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship: Holy Places, Ceremonies, Pilgrimage 2nd. Leiden: Brill. 1999 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 90-04-10010-5. （原始内容存档于2019-03-31）.
Sharon 2004，第94–96頁. Sharon, Moshe. Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae (CIAP): D-F. Volume Three. Leiden and Boston: Brill. 2004 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 90-04-13197-3. （原始内容存档于2022-01-15）.
Sharon 2004，第96頁. Sharon, Moshe. Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae (CIAP): D-F. Volume Three. Leiden and Boston: Brill. 2004 [2021-08-25]. ISBN 90-04-13197-3. （原始内容存档于2022-01-15）.
Blankinship 1994，第28, 94頁. Blankinship, Khalid Yahya. The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 1994. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7.
Blankinship 1994，第94頁. Blankinship, Khalid Yahya. The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 1994. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7.
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wikipedia.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

en.wikipedia.org

“信士们的长官（Amīr al-muʾminīn）”是钱币、铭文、早期穆斯林史料中最常见的阿卜杜勒-马利克的正式头衔^[1]^[2]^[3]。一些7世纪90年代中期铸造的钱币上、总督哈查只·本·优素福的信件中、与他同时代的艾赫泰勒（英语：al-Akhtal）杰里尔（英语：Jarir ibn Atiya）和法赖兹德格（英语：al-Farazdaq）的诗作中都曾称他为“真主的哈里发（khalīfat Allāh）”^[4]^[5]。
阿卜杜勒-马利克于693-697年铸造的金币上有人物形象，被称为“站着的哈里发”，历史学、钱币学学者一般认为这也就是他自己的形象^[6]。但史学家罗伯特·霍伊兰（英语：Robert Hoyland）认为，这是当时人所认为的先知穆罕默德的形象^[7]。
伊斯兰史料记载阿卜杜勒-马利克出生在伊斯兰历賴買丹月，具体日期无载^[9]。在出生年份上，则有两种观点：赫利法·本·赫亚特（英语：Khalifa ibn Khayyat）（854年去世）、塔巴里（923年去世）引用的麦达伊尼（英语：al-Mada'ini）（843年去世）记载、拜拉祖里（892年去世）、埃萨基尔（英语：Ibn Asakir）（1175年去世）认为他生于回历23年；另一派学者，包括伊本·萨阿德（英语：Ibn Sa'd）（845年去世），塔巴里引用的瓦吉迪（英语：al-Waqidi）（823年去世）记载、伊本·艾西尔（1233年去世）、苏尤提（英语：al-Suyuti）（1505年去世）认为他生于回历26年^[10]。
662年冬季对抗东罗马海军的战斗中，在叙利亚海军中担任与阿卜杜勒-马利克相同职务的是布斯尔·本·艾比·埃尔塔特（英语：Busr ibn Abi Artat）或阿卜杜拉赫曼·本·哈立德（英语：Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid）^[19]。据学者马雷克·扬科维亚克（Marek Jankowiak）的说法，阿拔斯王朝时期编撰的史书多为了贬低倭马亚王朝而删除了阿卜杜勒-马利克在穆阿维叶一世（661-680年在位）时期率军对抗东罗马军队的事迹，但10世纪阿拉伯裔基督徒编年史家希拉波利斯的阿伽皮乌斯（英语：Agapius of Hierapolis）的著作将其保留^[20]。
马代特人信仰基督教，其族源不明，阿拉伯人称之为“杰拉吉迈（Jarājima）”。他们原本居住在叙利亚沿海山地，即努尔山脉、黎巴嫩山、前黎巴嫩山（英语：Anti-Lebanon Mountains）等地区。他们很大程度上保持自治，根据哈里发国-东罗马帝国边界要塞地带（英语：Al-'Awasim）的形势，时而效忠东罗马帝国，时而效忠哈里发国^[45]。
祖拜尔任命的呼罗珊总督阿卜杜拉·本·哈齐姆·苏莱米（英语：Abd Allah ibn Khazim al-Sulami）实际保持半独立。692年初，他拒绝承认阿卜杜勒-马利克的哈里发地位，以换取祖拜尔对他总督职位的确认^[65]。后来部将贝希尔·本·韦尔加（Bahir ibn Warqa）杀害了他，阿卜杜拉的首级被木鹿的副长官布凯尔·本·维沙赫（Bukayr ibn Wishah）送给阿卜杜勒-马利克，随后哈里发任命布凯尔为呼罗珊的新任总督^[66]。
691年盖斯部落与倭马亚王朝和解后，凯勒卜部落（英语：Banu Kalb）（属也门诸部落）与费扎雷部落（英语：Banu Fazara）（属盖斯诸部落（英语：Qays））仍于692-694年在希贾兹爆发暴力冲突^[106]，属盖斯系统的苏莱姆部落（英语：Banu Sulaym）与和也门系统结盟的台格里卜部落（英语：Banu Taghlib）也持续战斗至692年^[107]。阿卜杜勒-马利克干预了这两场冲突，以武力威吓、处决部落首领及金钱手段终结了部落间无休止的仇杀与复仇^[108]。
这些里程碑上都有铭文，证明是阿卜杜勒-马利克下令建造这一道路，自北向南，依次在菲格（英语：Fiq, Syria）附近、塞迈赫（英语：Samakh, Tiberias）、霍齐巴的圣乔治修道院（英语：Monastery of St. George of Choziba）、汉-哈斯鲁拉（Khan al-Hathrura）、巴卜·瓦德（英语：Bab al-Wad）、阿布·古什（英语：Abu Ghosh）被发现。塞迈赫的里程碑定年于692年，菲格附近的两个里程碑定年于704年，其余的路碑没有标明年份^[123]。第八块里程碑发现于埃恩·赫梅德（英语：Ein Hemed），距阿布·古什不远，但已残缺不全，似乎制造与阿卜杜勒-马利克去世之后^[124]。

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; Chinese: 12^th place)

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