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web.archive.org
Buhl, F. ʿĀd. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition (Brill). 2012-04-24 [2024-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-06） （英语）.
Rippin, Andrew. ʿĀd. Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE (Brill). 2008-12-01 [2024-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-20） （英语）.
