Frank C. Hawthorne and Dona M. Dirlam. Tourmaline: Tourmaline the Indicator Mineral: From Atomic Arrangement to Viking Navigation. Elements. 2011, 7 (5). doi:10.2113/gselements.7.5.307.
Mindat tourmaline group (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Accessed September 12, 2005. This website details specifically and clearly how the complicated chemical formula is structured.
Mindat tourmaline group (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Accessed September 12, 2005. This website details specifically and clearly how the complicated chemical formula is structured.