青春期阻滞剂 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "青春期阻滞剂" in Chinese language version.

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aacap.org

AACAP Statement Responding to Efforts to ban Evidence-Based Care for Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth. 8 November 2019 [2022-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-07）.

aap.org

publications.aap.org

Wyckoff, Alyson Sulaski. AAP continues to support care of transgender youths as more states push restrictions. American Academy of Pediatrics. 6 January 2022 [2022-11-14]. eISSN 1556-3332. （原始内容存档于2022-12-18）.
Risk of pseudotumor cerebri added to labeling for gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. publications.aap.org. 1 July 2022 [18 August 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.

aap.org

Frontline Physicians Oppose Legislation That Interferes in or Penalizes Patient Care. 2 April 2021 [2022-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-22）.
Frontline Physicians Oppose Legislation That Interferes in or Penalizes Patient Care. [2022-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-10）.

aappublications.org

pediatrics.aappublications.org

American Academy of Pediatrics. Off-Label Use of Drugs in Children (PDF). Pediatrics. March 2014, 133 (3): 563–567 [2022-11-14]. PMID 24567009. S2CID 227262172. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-4060. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-10-15）.
Rafferty, Jason; Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health; Committee On Adolescence; ((Section on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health and Wellness)); et al. Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2018-10-01, 142 (4): e20182162 [2021-06-11]. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 30224363. doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2162 . （原始内容存档于2019-07-19）（英语）.

academie-medecine.fr

La médecine face à la transidentité de genre chez les enfants et les adolescents. 法國國立醫學科學院. 2022-02-25 [2022-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-06）（法语）.

ama-assn.org

March 26, 2021: State Advocacy Update. American Medical Association. [2022-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-02）.

apa.org

Proposed Talking Points to Oppose Gender-Affirming Care Criminalization Bills. apa.org. American Psychological Association. [11 October 2022]. （原始内容存档于5 May 2021）（美国英语）.

archive.org

Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.; Schagen, Sebastiaan E. E.; Steensma, Thomas D. Puberty suppression in a gender-dysphoric adolescent: A 22-year follow-up. Archives of Sexual Behavior. August 2011, 40 (4): 843–847. PMC 3114100 . PMID 21503817. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9758-9.

bbc.co.uk

Women and Gaming; ICU nurse Dawn Bilbrough; Poulomi Basu; Puberty blockers. Woman's Hour. 30 June 2020 [1 November 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-10）. the effects of treatment with GnRH analogues are considered to be fully reversible, so treatment can usually be stopped at any time after a discussion between you, your child and your MDT (multi-disciplinary team)," "the effects of treatment with GnRH analogues are considered to be fully reversible, so treatment can usually be stopped at any time after a discussion between you, your child and your MDT (multi-disciplinary team),

bbc.com

Scotland to follow UK ban on puberty blockers for under-18s. BBC. 2024-12-11.
Holt A. Children not able to give 'proper' consent to puberty blockers, court told. BBC News Online. 7 October 2020 [14 December 2020]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-22）（英国英语）.

bma.org.uk

Trueland, Jennifer. Push for progress on transgender rights in healthcare. British Medical Association. 16 September 2020 [2022-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-23）.

books.google.com

Hemat RA. Andropathy. Urotext. 2 March 2003: 120–. ISBN 978-1-903737-08-8.
Becker KL. Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001: 973–. ISBN 978-0-7817-1750-2.

cnn.com

Tierney Sneed. Judge blocks Alabama restrictions on certain gender-affirming treatments for transgender youth. CNN. 14 May 2022 [17 July 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-20）.

diva-portal.org

Linander, Ida; Alm, Erika. Waiting for and in gender-confirming healthcare in Sweden: An analysis of young trans people's experiences (PDF). European Journal of Social Work (Routledge). 20 April 2022: 1–12 [11 October 2022]. S2CID 248314474. doi:10.1080/13691457.2022.2063799. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于26 September 2022）.

doi.org

Stevens J, Gomez-Lobo V, Pine-Twaddell E. Insurance Coverage of Puberty Blocker Therapies for Transgender Youth. Pediatrics. December 2015, 136 (6): 1029–31. PMID 26527547. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2849 .
Alegría CA. Gender nonconforming and transgender children/youth: Family, community, and implications for practice. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. October 2016, 28 (10): 521–527. PMID 27031444. S2CID 22374099. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12363.
Watson SE, Greene A, Lewis K, Eugster EA. Bird's-eye view of GnRH analog use in a pediatric endocrinology referral center. Endocrine Practice. June 2015, 21 (6): 586–9. PMC 5344188 . PMID 25667370. doi:10.4158/EP14412.OR.
Helyar, Sinead; Jackson, Laura; Patrick, Leanne; Hill, Andy; Ion, Robin. Gender Dysphoria in children and young people: The implications for clinical staff of the Bell V's Tavistock Judicial Review and Appeal Ruling. Journal of Clinical Nursing. May 2022, 31 (9–10): e11–e13 [2022-11-14]. PMID 34888970. S2CID 245029743. doi:10.1111/jocn.16164. （原始内容存档于2022-08-19）.
Panday K, Gona A, Humphrey MB. Medication-induced osteoporosis: screening and treatment strategies. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease. October 2014, 6 (5): 185–202. PMC 4206646 . PMID 25342997. doi:10.1177/1759720X14546350.
Boyar RM. Control of the onset of puberty. Annual Review of Medicine. November 2003, 29: 509–20. PMID 206190. doi:10.1146/annurev.me.29.020178.002453.
de Vries AL, Cohen-Kettenis PT. Clinical management of gender dysphoria in children and adolescents: the Dutch approach. Journal of Homosexuality. 2012, 59 (3): 301–20. PMID 22455322. S2CID 11731779. doi:10.1080/00918369.2012.653300.
Rew, Lynn; Young, Cara C.; Monge, Maria; Bogucka, Roxanne. Review: Puberty blockers for transgender and gender diverse youth-a critical review of the literature. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. February 2021, 26 (1): 3–14 [2022-11-14]. ISSN 1475-357X. PMID 33320999. S2CID 229282305. doi:10.1111/camh.12437. （原始内容存档于2022-05-20）.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Off-Label Use of Drugs in Children (PDF). Pediatrics. March 2014, 133 (3): 563–567 [2022-11-14]. PMID 24567009. S2CID 227262172. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-4060. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-10-15）.
Mahfouda S, Moore JK, Siafarikas A, Zepf FD, Lin A. Puberty suppression in transgender children and adolescents. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. October 2017, 5 (10): 816–826. PMID 28546095. doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30099-2. The few studies that have examined the psychological effects of suppressing puberty, as the first stage before possible future commencement of CSH therapy, have shown benefits.
Rafferty J. Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. October 2018, 142 (4): e20182162. PMID 30224363. doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2162 . Often, pubertal suppression...reduces the need for later surgery because physical changes that are otherwise irreversible (protrusion of the Adam's apple, male pattern baldness, voice change, breast growth, etc) are prevented. The available data reveal that pubertal suppression in children who identify as TGD generally leads to improved psychological functioning in adolescence and young adulthood.
Hembree WC, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Gooren L, Hannema SE, Meyer WJ, Murad MH, et al. Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. November 2017, 102 (11): 3869–3903. PMID 28945902. doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01658 . Treating GD/gender-incongruent adolescents entering puberty with GnRH analogs has been shown to improve psychological functioning in several domains", "In the future, we need more rigorous evaluations of the effectiveness and safety of endocrine and surgical protocols. Specifically, endocrine treatment protocols for GD/gender incongruence should include the careful assessment of the following: (1) the effects of prolonged delay of puberty in adolescents on bone health, gonadal function, and the brain (including effects on cognitive, emotional, social, and sexual development)". "the effects of prolonged delay of puberty in adolescents on bone health, gonadal function, and the brain (including effects on cognitive, emotional, social, and sexual development).
Turban, Jack L.; King, Dana; Carswell, Jeremi M.; Keuroghlian, Alex S. Pubertal Suppression for Transgender Youth and Risk of Suicidal Ideation. Pediatrics. February 2020, 145 (2): e20191725. ISSN 1098-4275. PMC 7073269 . PMID 31974216. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1725.
Tordoff, Diana M.; Wanta, Jonathon W.; Collin, Arin; Stepney, Cesalie; Inwards-Breland, David J.; Ahrens, Kym. Mental Health Outcomes in Transgender and Nonbinary Youths Receiving Gender-Affirming Care. JAMA Network Open. 25 February 2022, 5 (2): e220978 [2022-11-14]. PMC 8881768 . PMID 35212746. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0978. （原始内容存档于2022-12-29）.
Loos, Maria Anna Theodora Catharina van der; Hannema, Sabine Elisabeth; Klink, Daniel Tatting; Heijer, Martin den; Wiepjes, Chantal Maria. Continuation of gender-affirming hormones in transgender people starting puberty suppression in adolescence: a cohort study in the Netherlands. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2022-10-20. ISSN 2352-4642. PMID 36273487. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00254-1 （English）.
Rafferty, Jason; Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health; Committee On Adolescence; ((Section on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health and Wellness)); et al. Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2018-10-01, 142 (4): e20182162 [2021-06-11]. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 30224363. doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2162 . （原始内容存档于2019-07-19）（英语）.
Coleman, E.; Radix, A.E.; Bouman, W.P.; et al. Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8. International Journal of Transgender Health. 2022, 23 (Supl 1): S18, S64, S111. PMC 9553112 . PMID 36238954. doi:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644.
Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.; Schagen, Sebastiaan E. E.; Steensma, Thomas D. Puberty suppression in a gender-dysphoric adolescent: A 22-year follow-up. Archives of Sexual Behavior. August 2011, 40 (4): 843–847. PMC 3114100 . PMID 21503817. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9758-9.
Bangalore Krishna, Kanthi; Fuqua, John S.; Rogol, Alan D.; Klein, Karen O.; Popovic, Jadranka; Houk, Christopher P.; Charmandari, Evangelia; Lee, Peter A.; Freire, A. V.; Ropelato, M. G.; Yazid Jalaludin, M. Use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs in Children: Update by an International Consortium. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 2019, 91 (6): 357–372. ISSN 1663-2826. PMID 31319416. doi:10.1159/000501336 . GnRHa therapy prevents maturation of primary oocytes and spermatogonia and may preclude gamete maturation, and currently there are no proven methods to preserve fertility in early pubertal transgender adolescents.
Giovanardi G. Buying time or arresting development? The dilemma of administering hormone blockers in trans children and adolescents. Porto Biomedical Journal. September 2017, 2 (5): 153–156. PMC 6806792 . PMID 32258611. doi:10.1016/j.pbj.2017.06.001 .
Rosenthal SM. Transgender youth: current concepts. Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism. December 2016, 21 (4): 185–192. PMC 5290172 . PMID 28164070. doi:10.6065/apem.2016.21.4.185. The primary risks of pubertal suppression in gender dysphoric youth treated with GnRH agonists include adverse effects on bone mineralization, compromised fertility, and unknown effects on brain development.
Tuvemo T. Treatment of central precocious puberty. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. May 2006, 15 (5): 495–505. PMID 16634688. S2CID 34018785. doi:10.1517/13543784.15.5.495.
Eugster EA. Treatment of Central Precocious Puberty. J Endocr Soc. May 2019, 3 (5): 965–972. PMC 6486823 . PMID 31041427. doi:10.1210/js.2019-00036.
Roth C. Therapeutic potential of GnRH antagonists in the treatment of precocious puberty. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. September 2002, 11 (9): 1253–9. PMID 12225246. S2CID 9146658. doi:10.1517/13543784.11.9.1253.
Rosenthal SM. Challenges in the care of transgender and gender-diverse youth: an endocrinologist's view. Nat Rev Endocrinol. October 2021, 17 (10): 581–591. PMID 34376826. S2CID 236972394. doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00535-9.
Neyman A, Fuqua JS, Eugster EA. Bicalutamide as an Androgen Blocker With Secondary Effect of Promoting Feminization in Male-to-Female Transgender Adolescents. J Adolesc Health. April 2019, 64 (4): 544–546. PMC 6431559 . PMID 30612811. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.10.296.
Schoelwer M, Eugster EA. Treatment of Peripheral Precocious Puberty. Puberty from Bench to Clinic. Endocrine Development 29. 2016: 230–9. ISBN 978-3-318-02788-4. PMC 5345994 . PMID 26680582. doi:10.1159/000438895.
Richards C, Maxwell J, McCune N. Use of puberty blockers for gender dysphoria: a momentous step in the dark. Archives of Disease in Childhood. June 2019, 104 (6): 611–612. PMID 30655265. S2CID 58613069. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2018-315881.
Cohen D, Barnes H. Gender dysphoria in children: puberty blockers study draws further criticism. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). September 2019, 366: l5647. PMID 31540909. S2CID 202711942. doi:10.1136/bmj.l5647.
Biggs M. Puberty Blockers and Suicidality in Adolescents Suffering from Gender Dysphoria. Archives of Sexual Behavior. October 2020, 49 (7): 2227–2229. PMC 8169497 . PMID 32495241. S2CID 219314661. doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01743-6.
The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. A flawed agenda for trans youth. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 14 May 2021, 5 (6): 385. ISSN 2352-4642. PMID 34000232. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00139-5 . This stance wilfully ignores decades of use of and research about puberty blockers and hormone therapy
Malone, William; D’Angelo, Roberto; Beck, Stephen; Mason, Julia; Evans, Marcus. Puberty blockers for gender dysphoria: the science is far from settled (PDF). 刺胳針. 2021-09, 5 (9) [2023-03-29]. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00235-2. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-05-19）.
Priest M. Transgender Children and the Right to Transition: Medical Ethics When Parents Mean Well but Cause Harm. American Journal of Bioethics. February 2019, 19 (2): 45–59. PMID 30784385. S2CID 73456261. doi:10.1080/15265161.2018.1557276.
Butler G, Wren B, Carmichael P. Puberty blocking in gender dysphoria: suitable for all?. Archives of Disease in Childhood. June 2019, 104 (6): 509–510. PMID 30655266. S2CID 58539498. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2018-315984. Our multidisciplinary staged approach is paced to ensure time for exploration of a range of possibilities and to ensure meaningful consent to any treatments.
Ashley F. Puberty Blockers Are Necessary, but They Don't Prevent Homelessness: Caring for Transgender Youth by Supporting Unsupportive Parents. American Journal of Bioethics. February 2019, 19 (2): 87–89. PMID 30784386. S2CID 73478358. doi:10.1080/15265161.2018.1557277.
Littman, Lisa. Individuals Treated for Gender Dysphoria with Medical and/or Surgical Transition Who Subsequently Detransitioned: A Survey of 100 Detransitioners. 性行為檔案 (施普林格科学+商业媒体). 19 October 2021, 50: 3353–3369 [2022-12-25]. doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02163-w. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.
Vandenbussche, Elie. Detransition-Related Needs and Support: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey. 同性戀期刊. 30 Apr 2021, 69: 1602-1620 [2022-12-25]. doi:10.1080/00918369.2021.1919479. （原始内容存档于2022-06-13）.
Turban, Jack L.; Loo, Stephanie S.; Almazan, Anthony N.; Keuroghlian, Alex S. Factors Leading to "Detransition" Among Transgender and Gender Diverse People in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Analysis. LGBT Health. May 2021, 8 (4): 273–280. ISSN 2325-8306. PMC 8213007 . PMID 33794108. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2020.0437. "Because the USTS only surveyed currently TGD-identified people, our study does not offer insights into reasons for detransition in previously TGD-identified people who currently identify as cisgender." "The vast majority of participants reported detransition due at least in part to external factors, such as pressure from family, nonaffirming school environments, and sexual assault." "iIt was just too hard for me" is shown in table 2.
van der Loos, Maria Anna Theodora Catharina; Hannema, Sabine Elisabeth; Klink, Daniel Tatting; den Heijer, Martin; Wiepjes, Chantal Maria. Continuation of gender-affirming hormones in transgender people starting puberty suppression in adolescence: a cohort study in the Netherlands. 柳叶刀 (The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health). 2022-10-20, 6 (12) [2022-12-25]. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00254-1. （原始内容存档于2022-12-20）.
Linander, Ida; Alm, Erika. Waiting for and in gender-confirming healthcare in Sweden: An analysis of young trans people's experiences (PDF). European Journal of Social Work (Routledge). 20 April 2022: 1–12 [11 October 2022]. S2CID 248314474. doi:10.1080/13691457.2022.2063799. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于26 September 2022）.
Linander, Ida; Lauri, Marcus; Alm, Erika; Goicolea, Isabel. Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: A Policy Analysis of the Swedish Guidelines for Trans-Specific Healthcare. Sexuality Research and Social Policy. June 2021, 18 (2): 309–320 [2022-11-14]. S2CID 219733261. doi:10.1007/s13178-020-00459-5. （原始内容存档于2022-09-29）.

economist.com

Questioning America's approach to transgender health care. The Economist. 28 July 2022 [6 August 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-04）.
Little is known about the effects of puberty blockers. The Economist. 18 February 2021 [25 March 2021]. ISSN 0013-0613. （原始内容存档于2022-12-07）.
Doubts are growing about therapy for gender-dysphoric children. The Economist. 13 May 2021 [2 November 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-03）.

endocrine.org

Discriminatory policies threaten care for transgender, gender diverse individuals. 16 December 2020 [2022-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-18）.

england.nhs.uk

engage.england.nhs.uk

Interim service specification for specialist gender dysphoria services for children and young people – public consultation. NHS UK. 20 October 2022 [31 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-31）（英国英语）.

epath.eu

Davies, Skye; McIntyre, Stephen; Rypma, Craig. Detransition rates in a national UK Gender Identity Clinic (PDF). 3rd Biennial EPATH Conference: Inside Matters, On Law, Ethics and Religion: 118. April 2019 [2021-05-27]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-05-21）.

fda.gov

存档副本. [2022-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-22）.

gov.uk

Ban on puberty blockers to be made indefinite on experts’ advice. GOV.UK. 2024-12-11.

gript.ie

ADOLESCENTS WHO CHANGE SEX WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO ACHIEVE “SEXUAL SATISFACTION” – LEADING SURGEON. Gript. 2022-05-04 [2023-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-20）.

hrc.org

assets2.hrc.org

Murchison G, Adkins D, Conard LA, Elliott T, Hawkins LA, Newby H, et al. Supporting and Caring for Transgender Children (PDF) (报告). American Academy of Pediatrics: 11. September 2016 [2022-11-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-12-18）. To prevent the consequences of going through a puberty that doesn't match a transgender child's identity, healthcare providers may use fully reversible medications that put puberty on hold.

jamanetwork.com

Tordoff, Diana M.; Wanta, Jonathon W.; Collin, Arin; Stepney, Cesalie; Inwards-Breland, David J.; Ahrens, Kym. Mental Health Outcomes in Transgender and Nonbinary Youths Receiving Gender-Affirming Care. JAMA Network Open. 25 February 2022, 5 (2): e220978 [2022-11-14]. PMC 8881768 . PMID 35212746. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0978. （原始内容存档于2022-12-29）.

mayoclinic.org

Pubertal blockers for transgender and gender diverse youth. Mayo Clinic. 16 August 2019 [15 December 2020]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-31）（英语）.

missouriindependent.com

Emergency rule seeks to limit access to certain procedures for transgender Missourians. Missouri Independent. 2023-04-13 [2023-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-19）（英语）.

nbcnews.com

Yurcaba, Jo. Judge blocks Alabama's felony ban on transgender medication for minors. NBC News. 14 May 2022 [2022-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-02）.

news-medical.net

Endocrine Society opposes legislative efforts to prevent access to medical care for transgender youth. 15 April 2021 [2022-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-23）.

nhs.uk

Gender dysphoria - Treatment. nhs.uk. 3 October 2018 [31 March 2022]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-02）（英语）.

nice.org.uk

arms.nice.org.uk

Evidence review: Gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues for children and adolescents with gender dysphoria. 2020 [1 April 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-02）. The critical outcomes for decision making are the impact on gender dysphoria, mental health and quality of life. The quality of evidence for these outcomes was assessed as very low certainty using modified GRADE.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stevens J, Gomez-Lobo V, Pine-Twaddell E. Insurance Coverage of Puberty Blocker Therapies for Transgender Youth. Pediatrics. December 2015, 136 (6): 1029–31. PMID 26527547. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2849 .
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Helyar, Sinead; Jackson, Laura; Patrick, Leanne; Hill, Andy; Ion, Robin. Gender Dysphoria in children and young people: The implications for clinical staff of the Bell V's Tavistock Judicial Review and Appeal Ruling. Journal of Clinical Nursing. May 2022, 31 (9–10): e11–e13 [2022-11-14]. PMID 34888970. S2CID 245029743. doi:10.1111/jocn.16164. （原始内容存档于2022-08-19）.
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de Vries AL, Cohen-Kettenis PT. Clinical management of gender dysphoria in children and adolescents: the Dutch approach. Journal of Homosexuality. 2012, 59 (3): 301–20. PMID 22455322. S2CID 11731779. doi:10.1080/00918369.2012.653300.
Rew, Lynn; Young, Cara C.; Monge, Maria; Bogucka, Roxanne. Review: Puberty blockers for transgender and gender diverse youth-a critical review of the literature. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. February 2021, 26 (1): 3–14 [2022-11-14]. ISSN 1475-357X. PMID 33320999. S2CID 229282305. doi:10.1111/camh.12437. （原始内容存档于2022-05-20）.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Off-Label Use of Drugs in Children (PDF). Pediatrics. March 2014, 133 (3): 563–567 [2022-11-14]. PMID 24567009. S2CID 227262172. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-4060. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-10-15）.
Mahfouda S, Moore JK, Siafarikas A, Zepf FD, Lin A. Puberty suppression in transgender children and adolescents. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. October 2017, 5 (10): 816–826. PMID 28546095. doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30099-2. The few studies that have examined the psychological effects of suppressing puberty, as the first stage before possible future commencement of CSH therapy, have shown benefits.
Rafferty J. Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. October 2018, 142 (4): e20182162. PMID 30224363. doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2162 . Often, pubertal suppression...reduces the need for later surgery because physical changes that are otherwise irreversible (protrusion of the Adam's apple, male pattern baldness, voice change, breast growth, etc) are prevented. The available data reveal that pubertal suppression in children who identify as TGD generally leads to improved psychological functioning in adolescence and young adulthood.
Hembree WC, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Gooren L, Hannema SE, Meyer WJ, Murad MH, et al. Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. November 2017, 102 (11): 3869–3903. PMID 28945902. doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01658 . Treating GD/gender-incongruent adolescents entering puberty with GnRH analogs has been shown to improve psychological functioning in several domains", "In the future, we need more rigorous evaluations of the effectiveness and safety of endocrine and surgical protocols. Specifically, endocrine treatment protocols for GD/gender incongruence should include the careful assessment of the following: (1) the effects of prolonged delay of puberty in adolescents on bone health, gonadal function, and the brain (including effects on cognitive, emotional, social, and sexual development)". "the effects of prolonged delay of puberty in adolescents on bone health, gonadal function, and the brain (including effects on cognitive, emotional, social, and sexual development).
Turban, Jack L.; King, Dana; Carswell, Jeremi M.; Keuroghlian, Alex S. Pubertal Suppression for Transgender Youth and Risk of Suicidal Ideation. Pediatrics. February 2020, 145 (2): e20191725. ISSN 1098-4275. PMC 7073269 . PMID 31974216. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1725.
Tordoff, Diana M.; Wanta, Jonathon W.; Collin, Arin; Stepney, Cesalie; Inwards-Breland, David J.; Ahrens, Kym. Mental Health Outcomes in Transgender and Nonbinary Youths Receiving Gender-Affirming Care. JAMA Network Open. 25 February 2022, 5 (2): e220978 [2022-11-14]. PMC 8881768 . PMID 35212746. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0978. （原始内容存档于2022-12-29）.
Loos, Maria Anna Theodora Catharina van der; Hannema, Sabine Elisabeth; Klink, Daniel Tatting; Heijer, Martin den; Wiepjes, Chantal Maria. Continuation of gender-affirming hormones in transgender people starting puberty suppression in adolescence: a cohort study in the Netherlands. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2022-10-20. ISSN 2352-4642. PMID 36273487. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00254-1 （English）.
Rafferty, Jason; Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health; Committee On Adolescence; ((Section on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health and Wellness)); et al. Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2018-10-01, 142 (4): e20182162 [2021-06-11]. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 30224363. doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2162 . （原始内容存档于2019-07-19）（英语）.
Coleman, E.; Radix, A.E.; Bouman, W.P.; et al. Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8. International Journal of Transgender Health. 2022, 23 (Supl 1): S18, S64, S111. PMC 9553112 . PMID 36238954. doi:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644.
Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.; Schagen, Sebastiaan E. E.; Steensma, Thomas D. Puberty suppression in a gender-dysphoric adolescent: A 22-year follow-up. Archives of Sexual Behavior. August 2011, 40 (4): 843–847. PMC 3114100 . PMID 21503817. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9758-9.
Bangalore Krishna, Kanthi; Fuqua, John S.; Rogol, Alan D.; Klein, Karen O.; Popovic, Jadranka; Houk, Christopher P.; Charmandari, Evangelia; Lee, Peter A.; Freire, A. V.; Ropelato, M. G.; Yazid Jalaludin, M. Use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs in Children: Update by an International Consortium. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 2019, 91 (6): 357–372. ISSN 1663-2826. PMID 31319416. doi:10.1159/000501336 . GnRHa therapy prevents maturation of primary oocytes and spermatogonia and may preclude gamete maturation, and currently there are no proven methods to preserve fertility in early pubertal transgender adolescents.
Giovanardi G. Buying time or arresting development? The dilemma of administering hormone blockers in trans children and adolescents. Porto Biomedical Journal. September 2017, 2 (5): 153–156. PMC 6806792 . PMID 32258611. doi:10.1016/j.pbj.2017.06.001 .
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Tuvemo T. Treatment of central precocious puberty. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. May 2006, 15 (5): 495–505. PMID 16634688. S2CID 34018785. doi:10.1517/13543784.15.5.495.
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Roth C. Therapeutic potential of GnRH antagonists in the treatment of precocious puberty. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. September 2002, 11 (9): 1253–9. PMID 12225246. S2CID 9146658. doi:10.1517/13543784.11.9.1253.
Rosenthal SM. Challenges in the care of transgender and gender-diverse youth: an endocrinologist's view. Nat Rev Endocrinol. October 2021, 17 (10): 581–591. PMID 34376826. S2CID 236972394. doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00535-9.
Neyman A, Fuqua JS, Eugster EA. Bicalutamide as an Androgen Blocker With Secondary Effect of Promoting Feminization in Male-to-Female Transgender Adolescents. J Adolesc Health. April 2019, 64 (4): 544–546. PMC 6431559 . PMID 30612811. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.10.296.
Schoelwer M, Eugster EA. Treatment of Peripheral Precocious Puberty. Puberty from Bench to Clinic. Endocrine Development 29. 2016: 230–9. ISBN 978-3-318-02788-4. PMC 5345994 . PMID 26680582. doi:10.1159/000438895.
Richards C, Maxwell J, McCune N. Use of puberty blockers for gender dysphoria: a momentous step in the dark. Archives of Disease in Childhood. June 2019, 104 (6): 611–612. PMID 30655265. S2CID 58613069. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2018-315881.
Cohen D, Barnes H. Gender dysphoria in children: puberty blockers study draws further criticism. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). September 2019, 366: l5647. PMID 31540909. S2CID 202711942. doi:10.1136/bmj.l5647.
Biggs M. Puberty Blockers and Suicidality in Adolescents Suffering from Gender Dysphoria. Archives of Sexual Behavior. October 2020, 49 (7): 2227–2229. PMC 8169497 . PMID 32495241. S2CID 219314661. doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01743-6.
The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. A flawed agenda for trans youth. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 14 May 2021, 5 (6): 385. ISSN 2352-4642. PMID 34000232. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00139-5 . This stance wilfully ignores decades of use of and research about puberty blockers and hormone therapy
Priest M. Transgender Children and the Right to Transition: Medical Ethics When Parents Mean Well but Cause Harm. American Journal of Bioethics. February 2019, 19 (2): 45–59. PMID 30784385. S2CID 73456261. doi:10.1080/15265161.2018.1557276.
Butler G, Wren B, Carmichael P. Puberty blocking in gender dysphoria: suitable for all?. Archives of Disease in Childhood. June 2019, 104 (6): 509–510. PMID 30655266. S2CID 58539498. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2018-315984. Our multidisciplinary staged approach is paced to ensure time for exploration of a range of possibilities and to ensure meaningful consent to any treatments.
Ashley F. Puberty Blockers Are Necessary, but They Don't Prevent Homelessness: Caring for Transgender Youth by Supporting Unsupportive Parents. American Journal of Bioethics. February 2019, 19 (2): 87–89. PMID 30784386. S2CID 73478358. doi:10.1080/15265161.2018.1557277.
Turban, Jack L.; Loo, Stephanie S.; Almazan, Anthony N.; Keuroghlian, Alex S. Factors Leading to "Detransition" Among Transgender and Gender Diverse People in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Analysis. LGBT Health. May 2021, 8 (4): 273–280. ISSN 2325-8306. PMC 8213007 . PMID 33794108. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2020.0437. "Because the USTS only surveyed currently TGD-identified people, our study does not offer insights into reasons for detransition in previously TGD-identified people who currently identify as cisgender." "The vast majority of participants reported detransition due at least in part to external factors, such as pressure from family, nonaffirming school environments, and sexual assault." "iIt was just too hard for me" is shown in table 2.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rew, Lynn; Young, Cara C.; Monge, Maria; Bogucka, Roxanne. Review: Puberty blockers for transgender and gender diverse youth-a critical review of the literature. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. February 2021, 26 (1): 3–14 [2022-11-14]. ISSN 1475-357X. PMID 33320999. S2CID 229282305. doi:10.1111/camh.12437. （原始内容存档于2022-05-20）.

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As children line up at gender clinics, families confront many unknowns. Reuters. 6 October 2022 [10 October 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-19）（英语）. pubertal suppression may prevent key aspects of development during a sensitive period of brain organization", "we need high-quality research to understand the impacts of this treatment – impacts which may be positive in some ways and potentially negative in others.

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Alegría CA. Gender nonconforming and transgender children/youth: Family, community, and implications for practice. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. October 2016, 28 (10): 521–527. PMID 27031444. S2CID 22374099. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12363.
Helyar, Sinead; Jackson, Laura; Patrick, Leanne; Hill, Andy; Ion, Robin. Gender Dysphoria in children and young people: The implications for clinical staff of the Bell V's Tavistock Judicial Review and Appeal Ruling. Journal of Clinical Nursing. May 2022, 31 (9–10): e11–e13 [2022-11-14]. PMID 34888970. S2CID 245029743. doi:10.1111/jocn.16164. （原始内容存档于2022-08-19）.
de Vries AL, Cohen-Kettenis PT. Clinical management of gender dysphoria in children and adolescents: the Dutch approach. Journal of Homosexuality. 2012, 59 (3): 301–20. PMID 22455322. S2CID 11731779. doi:10.1080/00918369.2012.653300.
Rew, Lynn; Young, Cara C.; Monge, Maria; Bogucka, Roxanne. Review: Puberty blockers for transgender and gender diverse youth-a critical review of the literature. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. February 2021, 26 (1): 3–14 [2022-11-14]. ISSN 1475-357X. PMID 33320999. S2CID 229282305. doi:10.1111/camh.12437. （原始内容存档于2022-05-20）.
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Roth C. Therapeutic potential of GnRH antagonists in the treatment of precocious puberty. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. September 2002, 11 (9): 1253–9. PMID 12225246. S2CID 9146658. doi:10.1517/13543784.11.9.1253.
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Cohen D, Barnes H. Gender dysphoria in children: puberty blockers study draws further criticism. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). September 2019, 366: l5647. PMID 31540909. S2CID 202711942. doi:10.1136/bmj.l5647.
Biggs M. Puberty Blockers and Suicidality in Adolescents Suffering from Gender Dysphoria. Archives of Sexual Behavior. October 2020, 49 (7): 2227–2229. PMC 8169497 . PMID 32495241. S2CID 219314661. doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01743-6.
Priest M. Transgender Children and the Right to Transition: Medical Ethics When Parents Mean Well but Cause Harm. American Journal of Bioethics. February 2019, 19 (2): 45–59. PMID 30784385. S2CID 73456261. doi:10.1080/15265161.2018.1557276.
Butler G, Wren B, Carmichael P. Puberty blocking in gender dysphoria: suitable for all?. Archives of Disease in Childhood. June 2019, 104 (6): 509–510. PMID 30655266. S2CID 58539498. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2018-315984. Our multidisciplinary staged approach is paced to ensure time for exploration of a range of possibilities and to ensure meaningful consent to any treatments.
Ashley F. Puberty Blockers Are Necessary, but They Don't Prevent Homelessness: Caring for Transgender Youth by Supporting Unsupportive Parents. American Journal of Bioethics. February 2019, 19 (2): 87–89. PMID 30784386. S2CID 73478358. doi:10.1080/15265161.2018.1557277.
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onlinelibrary.wiley.com

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Wyckoff, Alyson Sulaski. AAP continues to support care of transgender youths as more states push restrictions. American Academy of Pediatrics. 6 January 2022 [2022-11-14]. eISSN 1556-3332. （原始内容存档于2022-12-18）.
Rew, Lynn; Young, Cara C.; Monge, Maria; Bogucka, Roxanne. Review: Puberty blockers for transgender and gender diverse youth-a critical review of the literature. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. February 2021, 26 (1): 3–14 [2022-11-14]. ISSN 1475-357X. PMID 33320999. S2CID 229282305. doi:10.1111/camh.12437. （原始内容存档于2022-05-20）.
Wilson, Lena. What Are Puberty Blockers?. The New York Times. 11 May 2021 [31 March 2022]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容存档于2022-12-26）（美国英语）.
Turban, Jack L.; King, Dana; Carswell, Jeremi M.; Keuroghlian, Alex S. Pubertal Suppression for Transgender Youth and Risk of Suicidal Ideation. Pediatrics. February 2020, 145 (2): e20191725. ISSN 1098-4275. PMC 7073269 . PMID 31974216. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1725.
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Bangalore Krishna, Kanthi; Fuqua, John S.; Rogol, Alan D.; Klein, Karen O.; Popovic, Jadranka; Houk, Christopher P.; Charmandari, Evangelia; Lee, Peter A.; Freire, A. V.; Ropelato, M. G.; Yazid Jalaludin, M. Use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs in Children: Update by an International Consortium. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 2019, 91 (6): 357–372. ISSN 1663-2826. PMID 31319416. doi:10.1159/000501336 . GnRHa therapy prevents maturation of primary oocytes and spermatogonia and may preclude gamete maturation, and currently there are no proven methods to preserve fertility in early pubertal transgender adolescents.
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The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. A flawed agenda for trans youth. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 14 May 2021, 5 (6): 385. ISSN 2352-4642. PMID 34000232. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00139-5 . This stance wilfully ignores decades of use of and research about puberty blockers and hormone therapy
Turban, Jack L.; Loo, Stephanie S.; Almazan, Anthony N.; Keuroghlian, Alex S. Factors Leading to "Detransition" Among Transgender and Gender Diverse People in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Analysis. LGBT Health. May 2021, 8 (4): 273–280. ISSN 2325-8306. PMC 8213007 . PMID 33794108. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2020.0437. "Because the USTS only surveyed currently TGD-identified people, our study does not offer insights into reasons for detransition in previously TGD-identified people who currently identify as cisgender." "The vast majority of participants reported detransition due at least in part to external factors, such as pressure from family, nonaffirming school environments, and sexual assault." "iIt was just too hard for me" is shown in table 2.
Rojas, Rick. Alabama Governor Signs Ban on Transition Care for Transgender Youth. The New York Times. 8 April 2022 [17 July 2022]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容存档于2022-12-26）（美国英语）.

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Statement in Response to Proposed Legislation Denying Evidence-Based Care for Transgender People Under 18 Years of Age and to Penalize Professionals who Provide that Medical Care (PDF). wpath.org. World Professional Association for Transgender Health. 28 January 2022 [11 October 2022]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于7 October 2022）（英语）.

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