Meyer, Ronny. Amharic as lingua franca in Ethiopia. Lissan: Journal of African Languages and Linguistics. 2006, 20 (1/2): 117–131 [2020-03-10]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-24) –通过Academia.edu (英语).
Bokamba, Eyamba G. The spread of Lingala as a lingua franca in the Congo Basin. McLaughlin, Fiona (编). The Languages of Urban Africa. London, New York: Continuum. 2009: 50–70 [21 July 2011]. ISBN 978-1-84706-116-4. (原始内容存档于2021-04-12).
Bokamba, Eyamba G. The spread of Lingala as a lingua franca in the Congo Basin. McLaughlin, Fiona (编). The Languages of Urban Africa. London, New York: Continuum. 2009: 50–70 [21 July 2011]. ISBN 978-1-84706-116-4. (原始内容存档于2021-04-12).
Meyer, Ronny. Amharic as lingua franca in Ethiopia. Lissan: Journal of African Languages and Linguistics. 2006, 20 (1/2): 117–131 [2020-03-10]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-24) –通过Academia.edu (英语).