Wald, N J; Hackshaw, A K; Frost, C D. When can a risk factor be used as a worthwhile screening test?. BMJ. 1999, 319 (7224): 1562–1565. ISSN 0959-8138. doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7224.1562.
Margolese, Richard G, Bernard Fisher, Gabriel N Hortobagyi, and William D Bloomer. 118. Bast RC, Kufe DW, Pollock RE, et al (编). Cancer Medicine e.5. Hamilton, Ontario: B.C. Decker. 2000 [27 January 2011]. ISBN 1-55009-113-1. (原始内容存档于2020-01-11). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
Margolese, Richard G, Bernard Fisher, Gabriel N Hortobagyi, and William D Bloomer. 118. Bast RC, Kufe DW, Pollock RE, et al (编). Cancer Medicine e.5. Hamilton, Ontario: B.C. Decker. 2000 [27 January 2011]. ISBN 1-55009-113-1. (原始内容存档于2020-01-11). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
Wald, N J; Hackshaw, A K; Frost, C D. When can a risk factor be used as a worthwhile screening test?. BMJ. 1999, 319 (7224): 1562–1565. ISSN 0959-8138. doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7224.1562.