عرق أسود (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "عرق أسود" in Arabic language version.

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  • Trimingham، James (2013). Islam in Ethiopia. Routledge. ص. 221. ISBN:978-1136970221. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-05-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-01-18. These negroes are the remnants of the original inhabitants of the fluvial region of Somaliland who were overwhelmed by the wave of Somali conquest.[...] The Dube and Shabeli are often referred to as the Adone{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
  • Tibebu, Teshale (1995). The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896–1974. The Red Sea Press. ص. 60–61. ISBN:9781569020012. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-05-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-01-18.

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  • Sonya Tastogi؛ Tallese D. Johnson؛ Elizabeth M. Hoeffel؛ Malcolm P. Drewery, Jr. (سبتمبر 2011). "The Black Population: 2010" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. United States Department of Commerce. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2021-01-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-05-06.
  • "2000 US Census basics" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2020-07-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-05-06.

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  • Memmott, Paul؛ Moran, Mark (2001). "Indigenous Settlements of Australia". Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-03-11.(بالإنجليزية)

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  • "Properties". www.indigenous-americans.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-12-29.

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  • "Evelyn Scott". National Museum of Australia. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-03-08.

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  • Edler، Melissa (Spring 2007). "Acting White". Kent State Magazine. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-09-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-07-22.

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  • "Abolition". National Museums Liverpool (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2020-11-27. Retrieved 2021-01-18.

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  • Timothy Williams, "In Iraq's African Enclave, Color is Plainly Seen", The New York Times, 2 December 2009: "But on the packed dirt streets of Zubayr, Iraq's scaled-down version of Harlem, African-Iraqis talk of discrimination so steeped in Iraqi culture that they are commonly referred to as "abd" – slave in Arabic – prohibited from interracial marriage and denied even menial jobs...Historians say that most African-Iraqis arrived as slaves from East Africa as part of the Arab slave trade starting about 1,400 years ago. They worked in southern Iraq's salt marshes and sugarcane fields. Though slavery – which in Iraq included Arabs as well as Africans – was banned in the 1920s, it continued until the 1950s, African-Iraqis say. Recently, they have begun to campaign for recognition as a minority population, which would grant them the same benefits as Christians, including reserved seats in Parliament..."Black people here are living in fear," said Jalal Dhiyab Thijeel, an advocate for the country's estimated 1.2 million African-Iraqis. "We want to end that."" نسخة محفوظة 9 نوفمبر 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  • Archibold، Randal C. (25 أكتوبر 2014). "Negro? Prieto? Moreno? A Question of Identity for Black Mexicans". New York Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-10-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-11-01.

latitude.blogs.nytimes.com

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  • Reicheneker، Sierra (يناير 2011). "The Marginalization of Afro-Asians in East Asia: Globalization and the Creation of Subculture and Hybrid Identity". There Are Several Models for Analyzing the Marginalization of Ethnic Minorities. The Afro-Asian Population Exemplifies Park's Definition of Marginalization, in That They Are the "product of Human Migrations and Socio-cultural Conflict."15 Born into Relatively New Territory in the Area of Biracial Relations, There Entrance into the Culture of These Asian States Often Causes Quite a Stir. They Also Fit into Green and Goldberg's Definition of Psychological Marginalization, Which Constitutes Multiple Attempts at Assimilation with the Dominant Culture Followed by Continued Rejection. The Magazine Ebony, from 1967, Outlines a Number of Afro-Asians in Japan Who Find Themselves as Outcasts, Most of Which Try to Find Acceptance within the American Military Bubble, but with Varying Degrees of Success.16. ج. 5 ع. 1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-07-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-07-04.

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  • John B. Edlefsen, Khalida Shah, Mohsin Farooq. Makranis, the Negroes of West Pakistan. Clark Atlanta University: Phylon (1960–), Vol. 21, No. 2 (2nd Qtr 1960). ص. 124–130. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-11-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-01-18.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)

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theguardian.com

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  • Coates، Ta-Nehisi Paul (1 فبراير 2007). "Is Obama Black Enough?". Time. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-01-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-05-06. Barack Obama's real problem isn't that he's too white — it's that he's too black.

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uc.edu

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  • Ross Brann, "The Moors?", Andalusia, New York University. Quote: "Andalusi Arabic sources, as opposed to later Mudéjar and Morisco sources in Aljamiado and medieval Spanish texts, neither refer to individuals as Moors nor recognize any such group, community or culture."(بالإنجليزية) "نسخة مؤرشفة" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-08-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-01-18.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)

una.ac.cr

revistas.una.ac.cr

unslaverymemorial.org

  • United Nations Slavery Memorial نسخة محفوظة 10 December 2013 على موقع واي باك مشين.: "Accurate figures are still not available but at a conservative estimate, using the figures that have been generated by the latest Slave Trade Database, of the estimated millions transported, Portugal dominated the trade with 5.8 million or 46%, while Great Britain transported 3.25 million or 26%, France accounted for 1.38 million or 11%, and Spain 1.06 million or 8%. So it is unmistakable, that the 4 leading colonial powers accounted for a combined total of 11.5 million Africans or 92% of the overall trade. The remainder was transported by the US 305,326, the Netherlands 554,336, and Denmark/Baltic 111,041. There were several stages to the trade. During the first phase between 1501 and 1600, an estimated 277,509 Africans or just 2% of the overall trade, were sent to the Americas and Europe. During the 17th century, some 15% or 1,875,631 Africans embarked for the Americas. The period from 1701 to the passage of the British Abolition Act in 1807 was the peak of the trade. Here an estimated 7,163,241 or 57% of the trafficking in Africans transpired, with the remaining 26% or 3,204,935 occurring between 1808 and 1866."
  • United Nations Slavery Memorial نسخة محفوظة 10 December 2013 على موقع واي باك مشين.:"In the Americas, Brazil was the largest importer of Africans, accounting for 5.5 million or 44%, the British Caribbean with 2.76 million or 22%, the French Caribbean 1.32 million, and the Spanish Caribbean and Spanish Mainland accounting for 1.59 million. The relatively high numbers for Brazil and the British Caribbean is largely a reflection of the dominance and continued expansion of the plantation system in those regions. Even more so, the inability of the enslaved population in these regions to reproduce meant that the replacement demand for laborers was significantly high. In other words, Africans were imported to make up the demographic deficit on the plantations."

video.google.com

  • Martin Luther King, Jr. (28 أغسطس 1963). I Have a Dream (Google Video). Washington, D.C. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2010-03-15.

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  • "Remarks of Senator Barack Obama: "A More Perfect Union" (transcript)" (PDF). BBC News. 18 مارس 2008. ص. 2. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-06-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-05-06. This is not to say that race has not been an issue in the campaign. At various stages in the campaign, some commentators have deemed me either "too black" or "not black enough". Racial tensions bubbled to the surface during the week before the South Carolina primary. The press has scoured every exit poll for the latest evidence of racial polarization, not just in terms of white and black, but black and brown as well. See also: video