احتمال (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "احتمال" in Arabic language version.

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archive.org

  • Hacking، Ian (1965). The Logic of Statistical Inference. Cambridge University Press. ISBN:978-0-521-05165-1.[بحاجة لرقم الصفحة]
  • Ivancevic، Vladimir G.؛ Ivancevic، Tijana T. (2008). Quantum leap : from Dirac and Feynman, across the universe, to human body and mind. Singapore ; Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific. ص. 16. ISBN:978-981-281-927-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-10.

books.google.com

britannica.com

cam.ac.uk

statslab.cam.ac.uk

columbia.edu

cwi.nl

homepages.cwi.nl

doi.org

  • Finetti، Bruno de (1970). "Logical foundations and measurement of subjective probability". Acta Psychologica. ج. 34: 129–145. DOI:10.1016/0001-6918(70)90012-0.
  • Gao، J.Z.؛ Fong، D.؛ Liu، X. (أبريل 2011). "Mathematical analyses of casino rebate systems for VIP gambling". International Gambling Studies. ج. 11 ع. 1: 93–106. DOI:10.1080/14459795.2011.552575.

kent.edu

archon.educ.kent.edu

secondmoment.org

stanford.edu

plato.stanford.edu

  • Hájek، Alan. "Interpretations of Probability". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-03-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-04-22.

statprob.com

  • Seneta، Eugene William. ""Adrien-Marie Legendre" (version 9)". StatProb: The Encyclopedia Sponsored by Statistics and Probability Societies. مؤرشف من الأصل في 3 فبراير 2016. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 27 يناير 2016.

web.archive.org

wikidata.org

  • Strictly speaking, a probability of 0 indicates that an event almost never  [لغات أخرى]‏ takes place, whereas a probability of 1 indicates than an event almost certainly  [لغات أخرى]‏ takes place. This is an important distinction when the فضاء العينة is infinite. For example, for the توزيع منتظم on the real interval [5, 10], there are an infinite number of possible outcomes, and the probability of any given outcome being observed — for instance, exactly 7 — is 0. This means that when we make an observation, it will almost surely not be exactly 7. However, it does not mean that exactly 7 is impossible. Ultimately some specific outcome (with probability 0) will be observed, and one possibility for that specific outcome is exactly 7.