الآثار الصحية للتدخين (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "الآثار الصحية للتدخين" in Arabic language version.

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pubs.aeaweb.org

Bedard, Kelly; Deschênes, Olivier (1 Feb 2006). "The Long-Term Impact of Military Service on Health: Evidence from World War II and Korean War Veterans". American Economic Review (بالإنجليزية). 96 (1): 176–194. DOI:10.1257/000282806776157731. ISSN:0002-8282. PMID:29125728. Archived from the original on 2023-02-01.

alligator.org

"UF study finds more teens smoke hookah". The Independent Florida Alligator. 18 نوفمبر 2009. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-10-25.

americashealthrankings.org

"America's Health Rankings – 2011" (PDF). United Health Foundation. ديسمبر 2011. ص. 12. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2012-11-15.

apa.org

"Smoking increases teen depression". Monitor on Psychology. American Psychological Association. 2000. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-06-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-05-06.

aradnj.com

"Radiation Risk for Xray and CT exams –". dosage chart. Associated Radiologists. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-04-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-05-06.

archive.org

"Commentary: Schairer and Schöniger's forgotten tobacco epidemiology and the Nazi quest for racial purity". International Journal of Epidemiology. ج. 30 ع. 1: 31–4. فبراير 2001. DOI:10.1093/ije/30.1.31. PMID:11171846.
Oreskes N، Conway EM (2010). Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming. San Francisco, CA: Bloomsbury Press. ص. 15. ISBN:978-1-59691-610-4.
Michaels D (2008). Doubt is their product: how industry's assault on science threatens your health. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ص. 4–5. ISBN:978-0-19-530067-3.
Oreskes N، Conway EM (2010). Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming. San Francisco, CA: Bloomsbury Press. ص. 15. ISBN:978-1-59691-610-4.
Brandt AM (2007). The cigarette century: the rise, fall and deadly persistence of the product that defined America. New York: Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group. ISBN:978-0-465-07047-3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-07-27.
Brandt AM (2007). The cigarette century: the rise, fall and deadly persistence of the product that defined America. New York: Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group. ISBN:978-0-465-07047-3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-07-27.
"Endothelial dysfunction: a marker of atherosclerotic risk". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. ج. 23 ع. 2: 168–175. 2003. DOI:10.1161/01.ATV.0000051384.43104.FC. PMID:12588755.
"The effects of cigarette smoking on overnight performance". Psychopharmacology. ج. 136 ع. 2: 172–8. مارس 1998. DOI:10.1007/s002130050553. PMID:9551774.
"Transient behavioral sensitization to nicotine becomes long-lasting with monoamine oxidases inhibitors". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. ج. 76 ع. 2: 267–74. سبتمبر 2003. DOI:10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00223-5. PMID:14592678.
Mahid SS، Minor KS، Soto RE، Hornung CA، Galandiuk S (نوفمبر 2006). "Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. ج. 81 ع. 11: 1462–71. DOI:10.4065/81.11.1462. PMID:17120402.
"Cigar smoking: an ignored public health threat". Secdondary. The Journal of Primary Prevention. ج. 26 ع. 4: 363–75. يوليو 2005. DOI:10.1007/s10935-005-5389-z. PMID:15995804.
"Towards a topographical model of narghile water-pipe café smoking: a pilot study in a high socioeconomic status neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. ج. 79 ع. 1: 75–82. سبتمبر 2004. DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2004.06.005. PMID:15388286.
"Saving the Children for the Tobacco Industry". Medical Anthropology Quarterly. ج. 5 ع. 3: 236–56. 1991. DOI:10.1525/maq.1991.5.3.02a00040. JSTOR:648675.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Coustals N، Martelli C، Brunet-Lecomte M، Petillion A، Romeo B، Benyamina A (أغسطس 2020). "Chronic smoking and cognition in patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis" (PDF). Schizophrenia Research. ج. 222: 113–121. DOI:10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.071. PMID:32507373. S2CID:219300105. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-12-06.

army.mil

chppm-apgea.army.mil

القوات البرية للولايات المتحدة Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. "Radiological Sources of Potential Exposure and/or Contamination" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2006-12-12.

bbc.co.uk

"Radiation fears after Japan blast". بي بي سي. 21 يوليو 2011. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-02-01.

biomedcentral.com

harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com

"Mortality among male cigar and cigarette smokers in the USA" (PDF). Primary. BioMed Central. ج. 18 ع. 1: 7. يناير 2021. DOI:10.1186/s12954-020-00446-4. LCCN:2004243422. PMC:7789747. PMID:33413424. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-07-03.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: دوي مجاني غير معلم (link)

books.google.com

Godish T (2001). Indoor environmental quality. Chelsea, Michigan: Lewis Publishers. ص. 77–9. ISBN:978-1-56670-402-1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-02-01.
Hecht SS (2011). "Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer". Chemical Carcinogenesis. Totowa, NJ: Springer. ص. 67. ISBN:9781617379949.
Scientific American (بالإنجليزية). Munn & Company. 10 Nov 1888. p. 296. Archived from the original on 2023-01-12.

briannarego.org

"The Polonium brief: a hidden history of cancer, radiation, and the tobacco industry" (PDF). Isis; an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences. ج. 100 ع. 3: 453–84. سبتمبر 2009. DOI:10.1086/644613. PMID:19960838. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-03-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-07-20.

cancer.gov

National Cancer Institute. "Harms of Smoking and Health Benefits of Quitting". Fact Sheet. United States National Institutes of Health. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-02-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-05-06.
"Questions and answers about cigar smoking and cancer". National Cancer Institute. 7 مارس 2000. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-02-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-10-21.

cancercontrol.cancer.gov

Shanks TG، Burns DM (فبراير 1988). "Disease Consequences of Cigar Smoking" (PDF). Cigars: Health Effects and Trends. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 9. National Cancer Institute. ص. 105–60. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-02-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-02-09.
Burns DM (1998). "Cigar smoking: overview and current state of the science" (PDF). Cigars: Health Effects and Trends. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 9. National Cancer Institute. ص. 1–20.

cancer.org

"What is cancer?". Detailed Guide. American Cancer Society. 11 أبريل 2011. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-01-14.

cdc.gov

"Smoking and Diabetes". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). 23 Apr 2018. Archived from the original on 2023-02-07.
"2014 Surgeon General's Report: The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). 5 Mar 2018. Archived from the original on 2023-02-14.
"Quick Facts on the Risks of E-cigarettes for Kids, Teens, and Young Adults". CDC. 3 ديسمبر 2018. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-02-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-12-23.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (نوفمبر 2007). "Cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 2006". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. ج. 56 ع. 44: 1157–61. PMID:17989644. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-02-13.

doi.org

De Klerk، Nicholas Hubert؛ Musk، Arthur William (2003). "History of tobacco and health". Respirology. ج. 8 ع. 3: 286–290. DOI:10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00483.x. PMID:14528877. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-12-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-12-21.
Brandt، Allan M. (يناير 2012). "Inventing Conflicts of Interest: A History of Tobacco Industry Tactics". American Journal of Public Health. ج. 102 ع. 1: 63–71. DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300292. ISSN:0090-0036. PMC:3490543. PMID:22095331.
"Social reformers and regulation: the prohibition of cigarettes in the United States and Canada". Explorations in Economic History. ج. 39 ع. 4: 425–445. 2002. DOI:10.1016/S0014-4983(02)00005-0.
"Classics in oncology. Primary malignant growths of the lung. Isaac A. Adler, A.M., M.D". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. ج. 30 ع. 5: 295–301. 1980. DOI:10.3322/canjclin.30.5.295. PMID:6773624.
"A short history of lung cancer". Toxicological Sciences. ج. 64 ع. 1: 4–6. نوفمبر 2001. DOI:10.1093/toxsci/64.1.4. PMID:11606795.
Proctor, Robert N. (May 2004). "The Global Smoking Epidemic: A History and Status Report". Clinical Lung Cancer (بالإنجليزية). 5 (6): 371–376. DOI:10.3816/CLC.2004.n.016. PMID:15217537. Archived from the original on 2022-10-14.
Bedard, Kelly; Deschênes, Olivier (1 Feb 2006). "The Long-Term Impact of Military Service on Health: Evidence from World War II and Korean War Veterans". American Economic Review (بالإنجليزية). 96 (1): 176–194. DOI:10.1257/000282806776157731. ISSN:0002-8282. PMID:29125728. Archived from the original on 2023-02-01.
"Uncovering the effects of smoking: historical perspective" (PDF). Statistical Methods in Medical Research. ج. 7 ع. 2: 87–117. يونيو 1998. DOI:10.1177/096228029800700202. PMID:9654637. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-10-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-09-30.
"Commentary: Schairer and Schöniger's forgotten tobacco epidemiology and the Nazi quest for racial purity". International Journal of Epidemiology. ج. 30 ع. 1: 31–4. فبراير 2001. DOI:10.1093/ije/30.1.31. PMID:11171846.
"Smoking and carcinoma of the lung; preliminary report". British Medical Journal. ج. 2 ع. 4682: 739–48. سبتمبر 1950. DOI:10.1136/bmj.2.4682.739. PMC:2038856. PMID:14772469.
"Uncovering the effects of smoking: historical perspective" (PDF). Statistical Methods in Medical Research. ج. 7 ع. 2: 87–117. يونيو 1998. DOI:10.1177/096228029800700202. PMID:9654637. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-10-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-09-30.
"Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors". BMJ. ج. 328 ع. 7455: 1519. يونيو 2004. DOI:10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE. PMC:437139. PMID:15213107.
"The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits: a preliminary report. 1954". BMJ. ج. 328 ع. 7455: 1529–33, discussion 1533. يونيو 2004. DOI:10.1136/bmj.328.7455.1529. PMC:437141. PMID:15217868.
Di Cicco, Maria Elisa; Ragazzo, Vincenzo; Jacinto, Tiago (Sep 2016). "Mortality in relation to smoking: the British Doctors Study". Breathe (بالإنجليزية). 12 (3): 275–276. DOI:10.1183/20734735.013416. ISSN:1810-6838. PMC:5298160. PMID:28210302.
Chapman، Simon؛ MacKenzie، Ross (9 فبراير 2010). "The Global Research Neglect of Unassisted Smoking Cessation: Causes and Consequences". PLOS Medicine. ج. 7 ع. 2: e1000216. DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000216. PMC:2817714. PMID:20161722.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: دوي مجاني غير معلم (link)
"Smoke-free legislation and hospitalizations for acute coronary syndrome" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. ج. 359 ع. 5: 482–91. يوليو 2008. DOI:10.1056/NEJMsa0706740. PMID:18669427. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-06-04.
"Going up or coming down? The changing phases of the lung cancer epidemic from 1967 to 1999 in the 15 European Union countries". European Journal of Cancer. ج. 40 ع. 1: 96–125. يناير 2004. DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2003.08.005. PMID:14687795.
"Acrolein is a major cigarette-related lung cancer agent: Preferential binding at p53 mutational hotspots and inhibition of DNA repair". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ج. 103 ع. 42: 15404–9. أكتوبر 2006. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10315404F. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0607031103. PMC:1592536. PMID:17030796.
"Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. ج. 91 ع. 14: 1194–210. يوليو 1999. DOI:10.1093/jnci/91.14.1194. PMID:10413421.
"Acrolein is a major cigarette-related lung cancer agent: Preferential binding at p53 mutational hotspots and inhibition of DNA repair". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ج. 103 ع. 42: 15404–9. أكتوبر 2006. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10315404F. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0607031103. PMC:1592536. PMID:17030796.
"Determination of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes in cigarette smoke by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection". Chromatographia. ج. 44 ع. 9–10: 491–6. 1997. DOI:10.1007/BF02466742.
"Alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes in cigarette smoke release inflammatory mediators from human macrophages". American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. ج. 37 ع. 5: 617–23. نوفمبر 2007. DOI:10.1165/rcmb.2007-0130OC. PMID:17600310.
"alpha-Radiation dose at bronchial bifurcations of smokers from indoor exposure to radon progeny". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ج. 80 ع. 5: 1285–9. مارس 1983. Bibcode:1983PNAS...80.1285M. DOI:10.1073/pnas.80.5.1285. PMC:393580. PMID:6572389.
"Waking a sleeping giant: the tobacco industry's response to the polonium-210 issue". American Journal of Public Health. ج. 98 ع. 9: 1643–50. سبتمبر 2008. DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2007.130963. PMC:2509609. PMID:18633078.
"The Polonium brief: a hidden history of cancer, radiation, and the tobacco industry" (PDF). Isis; an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences. ج. 100 ع. 3: 453–84. سبتمبر 2009. DOI:10.1086/644613. PMID:19960838. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-03-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-07-20.
"Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. ج. 91 ع. 14: 1194–210. يوليو 1999. DOI:10.1093/jnci/91.14.1194. PMID:10413421.
"Smoking and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and early atherogenesis". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. ج. 34 ع. 3: 509–515. 2014. DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.300156. PMID:24554606.
"Endothelial dysfunction: a marker of atherosclerotic risk". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. ج. 23 ع. 2: 168–175. 2003. DOI:10.1161/01.ATV.0000051384.43104.FC. PMID:12588755.
"Role of acetaldehyde in tobacco smoke addiction". European Neuropsychopharmacology. ج. 17 ع. 10: 627–36. أكتوبر 2007. DOI:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.02.013. PMID:17382522.
"Milestones in the natural course of onset of cigarette use among adolescents". CMAJ. ج. 175 ع. 3: 255–61. أغسطس 2006. DOI:10.1503/cmaj.051235. PMC:1513423. PMID:16880445.
"The effects of cigarette smoking on overnight performance". Psychopharmacology. ج. 136 ع. 2: 172–8. مارس 1998. DOI:10.1007/s002130050553. PMID:9551774.
"Monoamine oxidase inhibition dramatically increases the motivation to self-administer nicotine in rats". The Journal of Neuroscience. ج. 25 ع. 38: 8593–600. سبتمبر 2005. DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2139-05.2005. PMC:6725504. PMID:16177026.
"Transient behavioral sensitization to nicotine becomes long-lasting with monoamine oxidases inhibitors". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. ج. 76 ع. 2: 267–74. سبتمبر 2003. DOI:10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00223-5. PMID:14592678.
Wang M، Wang ZP، Gong R، Zhao ZT (يناير 2014). "Maternal smoking during pregnancy and neural tube defects in offspring: a meta-analysis". Child's Nervous System. ج. 30 ع. 1: 83–9. DOI:10.1007/s00381-013-2194-5. PMID:23760473. S2CID:40996359.
Ward C، Lewis S، Coleman T (مايو 2007). "Prevalence of maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy and impact on birth weight: retrospective study using Millennium Cohort". BMC Public Health. ج. 7: 81. DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-7-81. PMC:1884144. PMID:17506887.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: دوي مجاني غير معلم (link)
Kroon LA (سبتمبر 2007). "Drug interactions with smoking". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. ج. 64 ع. 18: 1917–21. DOI:10.2146/ajhp060414. PMID:17823102. S2CID:5397510. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-02-18.
Ande A، McArthur C، Ayuk L، Awasom C، Achu PN، Njinda A، Sinha N، Rao PS، Agudelo M، Nookala AR، Simon S، Kumar A، Kumar S (2015). "Effect of mild-to-moderate smoking on viral load, cytokines, oxidative stress, and cytochrome P450 enzymes in HIV-infected individuals". PLOS ONE. ج. 10 ع. 4: e0122402. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1022402A. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0122402. PMC:4399877. PMID:25879453.
Chen H، Vlahos R، Bozinovski S، Jones J، Anderson GP، Morris MJ (أبريل 2005). "Effect of short-term cigarette smoke exposure on body weight, appetite and brain neuropeptide Y in mice". Neuropsychopharmacology. ج. 30 ع. 4: 713–9. DOI:10.1038/sj.npp.1300597. PMID:15508020.
Vanni H، Kazeros A، Wang R، Harvey BG، Ferris B، De BP، Carolan BJ، Hübner RH، O'Connor TP، Crystal RG (مايو 2009). "Cigarette smoking induces overexpression of a fat-depleting gene AZGP1 in the human". Chest. ج. 135 ع. 5: 1197–1208. DOI:10.1378/chest.08-1024. PMC:2679098. PMID:19188554.
Leistikow BN، Martin DC، Milano CE (أغسطس 2000). "Fire injuries, disasters, and costs from cigarettes and cigarette lights: a global overview". Preventive Medicine. ج. 31 ع. 2 Pt 1: 91–9. DOI:10.1006/pmed.2000.0680. PMID:10938207. S2CID:11722177. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-02-18.
Leistikow BN، Martin DC، Samuels SJ (ديسمبر 2000). "Injury death excesses in smokers: a 1990–95 United States national cohort study". Injury Prevention. ج. 6 ع. 4: 277–80. DOI:10.1136/ip.6.4.277. PMC:1730660. PMID:11144627.
Cosnes J، Carbonnel F، Carrat F، Beaugerie L، Cattan S، Gendre J (نوفمبر 1999). "Effects of current and former cigarette smoking on the clinical course of Crohn's disease". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. ج. 13 ع. 11: 1403–11. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00630.x. PMID:10571595. S2CID:6620451.
Calkins BM (ديسمبر 1989). "A meta-analysis of the role of smoking in inflammatory bowel disease". Digestive Diseases and Sciences. ج. 34 ع. 12: 1841–54. DOI:10.1007/BF01536701. PMID:2598752. S2CID:5775169.
Lakatos PL، Szamosi T، Lakatos L (ديسمبر 2007). "Smoking in inflammatory bowel diseases: good, bad or ugly?". World Journal of Gastroenterology. ج. 13 ع. 46: 6134–9. DOI:10.3748/wjg.13.6134. PMC:4171221. PMID:18069751.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: دوي مجاني غير معلم (link)
Mahid SS، Minor KS، Soto RE، Hornung CA، Galandiuk S (نوفمبر 2006). "Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. ج. 81 ع. 11: 1462–71. DOI:10.4065/81.11.1462. PMID:17120402.
Missmer SA، Hankinson SE، Spiegelman D، Barbieri RL، Marshall LM، Hunter DJ (أكتوبر 2004). "Incidence of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis by demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors". American Journal of Epidemiology. ج. 160 ع. 8: 784–96. DOI:10.1093/aje/kwh275. PMID:15466501.
Calhaz-Jorge C، Mol BW، Nunes J، Costa AP (سبتمبر 2004). "Clinical predictive factors for endometriosis in a Portuguese infertile population". Human Reproduction. ج. 19 ع. 9: 2126–31. DOI:10.1093/humrep/deh374. PMID:15229202.
Baron JA (يناير 1996). "Beneficial effects of nicotine and cigarette smoking: the real, the possible and the spurious". British Medical Bulletin. ج. 52 ع. 1: 58–73. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011533. PMID:8746297.
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