الانفجار الكمبري (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "الانفجار الكمبري" in Arabic language version.

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albany.edu

Keese، Bob. "Ozone". albany.edu. University at Albany. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-11-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-11-22.

archive.org

Gould, S.J. (1989). Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. W. W. Norton & Company. Bibcode:1989wlbs.book.....G. ISBN:978-0-393-02705-1. OCLC:185746546.
Valentine، James W. (2004). On the Origin of Phyla. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press. ص. 7. ISBN:978-0-226-84548-7."Classifications of organisms in hierarchical systems were in use by the 17th and 18th centuries. Usually, organisms were grouped according to their morphological similarities as perceived by those early workers, and those groups were then grouped according to their similarities, and so on, to form a hierarchy."
Parker, Andrew (2003). In the Blink of an Eye. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus Books. ISBN:978-0-7382-0607-3. OCLC:52074044.

archive.today

Valentine، JW؛ Jablonski، D؛ Erwin، DH (1999). "Fossils, molecules and embryos: new perspectives on the Cambrian explosion". Development. ج. 126 ع. 5: 851–9. DOI:10.1242/dev.126.5.851. PMID:9927587. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-09-01.
Bell، Mark (2013). "Fossil Focus: Trilobites". Palaeontology Online. ج. 3 ع. 5: 1–9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-01-22.
"'Mindblowing' haul of fossils over 500m years old unearthed in China". The Guardian. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-03-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-03-24.
Stanley (2008). "Predation defeats competition on the seafloor". Paleobiology. ج. 34 ع. 1: 1–21. Bibcode:2008Pbio...34....1S. DOI:10.1666/07026.1. S2CID:83713101. مؤرشف من الأصل (extract) في 2012-12-20.
Seilacher, A. (1992). "Vendobionta and Psammocorallia: lost constructions of Precambrian evolution". Journal of the Geological Society, London (abstract). ج. 149 ع. 4: 607–613. Bibcode:1992JGSoc.149..607S. DOI:10.1144/gsjgs.149.4.0607. S2CID:128681462. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-12-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-06-21.
Lieberman, BS (1 مارس 1999). "Testing the Darwinian Legacy of the Cambrian Radiation Using Trilobite Phylogeny and Biogeography". مجلة علم الحفريات ^{[لغات أخرى]}‏ (abstract). ج. 73 ع. 2: 176. Bibcode:1999JPal...73..176L. DOI:10.1017/S0022336000027700. S2CID:88588171. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-12-20.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)
Andrey Yu. Zhuravlev؛ وآخرون (سبتمبر 2009). "First finds of problematic Ediacaran fossil Gaojiashania in Siberia and its origin". Geological Magazine. ج. 146 ع. 5: 775–780. Bibcode:2009GeoM..146..775Z. DOI:10.1017/S0016756809990185. S2CID:140569611. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-01-13.
Grotzinger, J.P.؛ Watters, W.A.؛ Knoll, A.H. (2000). "Calcified metazoans in thrombolite-stromatolite reefs of the terminal Proterozoic Nama Group, Namibia". Paleobiology. ج. 26 ع. 3: 334–359. Bibcode:2000Pbio...26..334G. DOI:10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0334:CMITSR>2.0.CO;2. ISSN:0094-8373. S2CID:52231115. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-12-20.
McMenamin, M. (2010). "Harry Blackmore Whittington 1916–2010". Geoscientist. ج. 20 ع. 11: 5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-08-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-08-12.

arizona.edu

blc.arizona.edu

Squire، Richard J.؛ Campbell، Ian H.؛ Allen، Charlotte M.؛ Wilson، Christopher J. L. (2006). "Did the Transgondwanan Supermountain trigger the explosive radiation of animals on Earth?" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. ج. 250 ع. 1: 116–133. Bibcode:2006E&PSL.250..116S. DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.032. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2019-07-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-09-11.

arxiv.org

Solé, R.V.؛ Fernández, P. & Kauffman, S.A. (2003). "Adaptive walks in a gene network model of morphogenesis: insights into the Cambrian explosion". Int. J. Dev. Biol. ج. 47 ع. 7: 685–693. arXiv:q-bio/0311013. Bibcode:2003q.bio....11013S. PMID:14756344.

bath.ac.uk

opus.bath.ac.uk

Mounce, R. C. P.؛ Wills, M. A. (2011). "Phylogenetic position of Diania challenged" (PDF). Nature. ج. 476 ع. E1: E1, discussion E3–4. Bibcode:2011Natur.476E...1M. DOI:10.1038/nature10266. PMID:21833044. S2CID:4417903.

bbc.co.uk

"Huge fossil discovery made in China's Hubei province". BBC News. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-03-24.

berkeley.edu

ucmp.berkeley.edu

"What is paleontology?". University of California Museum of Paleontology. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-09-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-09-18.

biologists.org

dev.biologists.org

Valentine، JW؛ Jablonski، D؛ Erwin، DH (1999). "Fossils, molecules and embryos: new perspectives on the Cambrian explosion". Development. ج. 126 ع. 5: 851–9. DOI:10.1242/dev.126.5.851. PMID:9927587. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-09-01.
Erwin, D.H.؛ Davidson, E.H. (1 يوليو 2002). "The last common bilaterian ancestor". Development. ج. 129 ع. 13: 3021–3032. DOI:10.1242/dev.129.13.3021. PMID:12070079. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-07-10.

books.google.com

Butterfield، Nicholas M. (2001). "Ecology and evolution of Cambrian plankton" (PDF). The Ecology of the Cambrian Radiation. New York: Columbia University Press. ص. 200–216. ISBN:978-0-231-10613-9. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-08-19.
Butterfield، Nicholas J. (2001). Ecology and evolution of Cambrian plankton. The Ecology of the Cambrian Radiation. Columbia University Press, New York. ص. 200–216. ISBN:978-0-231-10613-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-07-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-08-19.
Signor، P.W.؛ Lipps، J.H. (1982). "Sampling bias, gradual extinction patterns and catastrophes in the fossil record". في Silver، L.T.؛ Schulz، P.H. (المحررون). Geological implications of impacts of large asteroids and comets on the earth. Geological Society of America. ص. 291–296. ISBN:978-0-8137-2190-3. A 84–25651 10–42.
Fedonkin, M.A.؛ Gehling, J.G.؛ Grey, K.؛ Narbonne, G.M.؛ Vickers-Rich, P. (2007). The Rise of Animals: Evolution and Diversification of the Kingdom Animalia. JHU Press. ص. 213–216. ISBN:978-0-8018-8679-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-05-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-11-14.
Fedonkin, M.A. (1992). "Vendian faunas and the early evolution of Metazoa". في Lipps, J.؛ Signor, P. W. (المحررون). Origin and early evolution of the Metazoa. New York: Springer. ص. 87–129. ISBN:978-0-306-44067-0. OCLC:231467647. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-03-08.

bris.ac.uk

palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk

Benton MJ؛ Wills MA؛ Hitchin R (2000). "Quality of the fossil record through time" (PDF). Nature. ج. 403 ع. 6769: 534–7. Bibcode:2000Natur.403..534B. DOI:10.1038/35000558. PMID:10676959. S2CID:4407172. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-06-06.: Non-technical summary نسخة محفوظة 2007-08-09 على موقع واي باك مشين.

britannica.com

"Cambrian Period - The Cambrian environment | Britannica". britannica.com (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2024-12-10. Retrieved 2023-03-12.

caltech.edu

resolver.caltech.edu

Chen, J. Y.؛ Bottjer, D. J.؛ Oliveri, P.؛ Dornbos, S. Q.؛ Gao, F.؛ وآخرون (9 يوليو 2004). "Small Bilaterian Fossils from 40 to 55 Million Years Before the Cambrian". Science. ج. 305 ع. 5681: 218–222. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..218C. DOI:10.1126/science.1099213. PMID:15178752. S2CID:1811682.

cam.ac.uk

eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk

Butterfield، Nicholas J. (2007). "Macroevolution and macroecology through deep time" (PDF). Palaeontology. ج. 50 ع. 1: 41–55. Bibcode:2007Palgy..50...41B. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00613.x. S2CID:59436643. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-07-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-09-19.

columbia.edu

cup.columbia.edu

Zhuravlev، Andrey؛ Riding، Robert (2000). The Ecology of the Cambrian Radiation. دار نشر جامعة كولومبيا. ISBN:978-0-231-10613-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-04. The Cambrian radiation was the explosive evolution of marine life that started 550,000,000 years ago. It ranks as one of the most important episodes in Earth history. This key event in the history of life on our planet changed the marine biosphere and its sedimentary environment forever, requiring a complex interplay of wide-ranging biologic and nonbiologic processes.

confex.com

gsa.confex.com

McMenamin, M.A.S (2003). "Spriggina is a trilobitoid ecdysozoan". Abstracts with Programs (abstract). ج. 35 ع. 6: 105. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-08-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-08-21.

dartmouth.edu

home.dartmouth.edu

Hirsch، David (26 يناير 2022). "New Research Strengthens Link Between Glaciers and Earth's Puzzling 'Great Unconformity'". Dartmouth College. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-01-27.

darwin-online.org.uk

Darwin، C (1859). On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection. London: Murray. ص. 302, 306–308. ISBN:978-1-60206-144-6. OCLC:176630493.

doi.org

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Budd، Graham (2013). "At the origin of animals: the revolutionary Cambrian fossil record". Current Genomics. ج. 14 ع. 6: 344–354. DOI:10.2174/13892029113149990011. PMC:3861885. PMID:24396267.
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Stanley (2008). "Predation defeats competition on the seafloor". Paleobiology. ج. 34 ع. 1: 1–21. Bibcode:2008Pbio...34....1S. DOI:10.1666/07026.1. S2CID:83713101. مؤرشف من الأصل (extract) في 2012-12-20.
Butterfield، Nicholas J. (2007). "Macroevolution and macroecology through deep time" (PDF). Palaeontology. ج. 50 ع. 1: 41–55. Bibcode:2007Palgy..50...41B. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00613.x. S2CID:59436643. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-07-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-09-19.
Shen, B.؛ Dong, L.؛ Xiao, S.؛ Kowalewski, M. (يناير 2008). "The Avalon Explosion: Evolution of Ediacara Morphospace". Science (abstract). ج. 319 ع. 5859: 81–84. Bibcode:2008Sci...319...81S. DOI:10.1126/science.1150279. PMID:18174439. S2CID:206509488.
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