العنصرية في تركيا (Arabic Wikipedia)

Hovannisian، Richard G. (2011). The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies. Transaction Publishers. ص. 40. ISBN:9781412835923. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-04. In it, Muslims had full legal and social rights, while non-Muslim "people of the book," that is, Jews and Christians, had a second-class subject status that entailed, among other things, higher taxes, exclusion from the military and political spheres, and strict limitations on legal rights.
Adalian، Rouben Paul (2012). "The Armenian Genocide". في Totten، Samuel؛ Parsons، William S. (المحررون). Century of Genocide. Routledge. ص. 117–56. ISBN:9780415871914. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24.
Adalian، Rouben Paul (2010). "Adana Massacre". Historical Dictionary of Armenia. Scarecrow Press. ص. 70–71. ISBN:9780810874503. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-10-19.
Marchand، Laure؛ Perrier، Guillaume (2015). Turkey and the Armenian Ghost: On the Trail of the Genocide. McGill-Queen's Press. ص. 158. ISBN:0773597204. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-05-07.
Stafford، Ronald Sempill (2006)، [http://books.google.com/books?id=LSzuzsRh37gC&pg=PA25 The Tragedy of the Assyrians]، Gorgias Press LLC، ISBN:978-1593334130، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-04-09، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-11-21 {{استشهاد}}: روابط خارجية في |عنوان= (مساعدة).
Hovannisian، Richard (2007)، [http://books.google.com/books?id=CB4Bh0-zrgoC&pg=PA271 The Armenian genocide: cultural and ethical legacies]، New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers، ISBN:978-1412806190، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-05-18، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-09-20 {{استشهاد}}: روابط خارجية في |عنوان= (مساعدة).
Benbassa، Esther؛ Rodrigue, Aron (1999). Sephardi Jewry: a history of the Judeo-Spanish community, 14th--20th centuries (ط. 1. California paperback). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN:9780520218222. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-02.
Kalderon، Albert E. (1983). Abraham Galanté : a biography. New York: Published by Sepher-Hermon Press for Sephardic House at Congregation Shearith Israel. ص. 53. ISBN:9780872031111. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-02.

doi.org

Xypolia، Ilia (18 فبراير 2016). "Racist Aspects of Modern Turkish Nationalism". Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. ج. 0 ع. 0: 1–14. DOI:10.1080/19448953.2016.1141580. ISSN:1944-8953. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة)
Kenanoğlu، Pinar Dinç (2012). "Discrimination and silence: minority foundations in Turkey during the Cyprus conflict of 1974". Nations and Nationalism. ج. 18 ع. 2: 267–286. DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8129.2011.00531.x. Comprehensive reading of the newspaper articles show that the negative attitude towards the non-Muslim minorities in Turkey does not operate in a linear fashion. There are rises and falls, the targets can vary from individuals to institutions, and the agents of discrimination can be politicians, judicial offices, government-operated organisations, press members or simply individuals in society.
Sule; Bulent، Toktas; Bulent. (Winter 2009). "The EU and Minority Rights in Turkey". Political Science Quarterly. New York, NY: Academy of Political Science. ج. 124 ع. 4: 697-0_8. DOI:10.1002/j.1538-165x.2009.tb00664.x. ISSN:0032-3195. In the Turkish context, the solution to minority rights is to handle them through improvements in three realms: elimination of discrimination, cultural rights, and religious freedom. However, reforms in these spheres fall short of the spirit generated in the Treaty of Lausanne.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
Schaller، Dominik J؛ Zimmerer، Jürgen (2008). "Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies – introduction". Journal of Genocide Research. ج. 10 ع. 1: 7–14. DOI:10.1080/14623520801950820.
Çetinoğlu، Sait (2012). "The Mechanisms for Terrorizing Minorities: The Capital Tax and Work Battalions in Turkey during the Second World War". Mediterranean Quarterly. DUKE University Press. ج. 23. ص. 14. DOI:10.1215/10474552-1587838."The aim was to destroy the economic and cultural base of these minorities, loot their properties and means of livelihood, and, at the same time "turkify" the economy of Turkey."
Levene, Mark (1998). "Creating a Modern 'Zone of Genocide': The Impact of Nation- and State-Formation on Eastern Anatolia, 1878-1923". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. ج. 12 ع. 3: 393–433. DOI:10.1093/hgs/12.3.393. The persistence of genocide or near-genocidal incidents from the 1890s through the 1990s, committed by Ottoman and successor Turkish and Iraqi states against Armenian, Kurdish, Assyrian, and Pontic Greek communities in Eastern Anatolia, is striking. ... the creation of this "zone of genocide" in Eastern Anatolia cannot be understood in isolation, but only in light of the role played by the Great Powers in the emergence of a Western-led international system.
In the last hundred years, four Eastern Anatolian groups—Armenians, Kurds, Assyrians, and Greeks—have fallen victim to state-sponsored attempts by the Ottoman authorities or their Turkish or Iraqi successors to eradicate them. Because of space limitations, I have concentrated here on the genocidal sequence affecting Armenians and Kurds only, though my approach would also be pertinent to the Pontic Greek and Assyrian cases.

dx.doi.org

Xypolia، Ilia (18 فبراير 2016). "Racist Aspects of Modern Turkish Nationalism". Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. ج. 0 ع. 0: 1–14. DOI:10.1080/19448953.2016.1141580. ISSN:1944-8953. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة)

ermenisoykirimi.net

Ungor، Uğur (2005)، [http://ermenisoykirimi.net/thesis.pdf CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923] (PDF)، ص. 62، مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-10-12، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-11-21 {{استشهاد}}: روابط خارجية في |عنوان= (مساعدة)

europa.eu

ec.europa.eu

"Turkey 2007 Progress Report, Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges 2007–2008" (PDF). Commission Stuff Working Document of International Affairs. ص. 22. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-10-28{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: postscript (link)

foxnews.com

"Bombings at Istanbul Synagogues Kill 23". Fox News. 16 نوفمبر 2003. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-10-23.

genocidescholars.org

winnipeg2014.genocidescholars.org

Resolution on genocides committed by the Ottoman empire (PDF)، International Association of Genocide Scholars، مؤرشف من الأصل (نسق المستندات المنقولة) في 2012-01-17.

genocidewatch.com

A Letter from The International Association of Genocide Scholars (PDF)، Genocide Watch، 13 يونيو 2005، مؤرشف من الأصل (نسق المستندات المنقولة) في 2017-10-11.

google.gr

books.google.gr

Nowill، Sidney E. P. (ديسمبر 2011). Constantinople and Istanbul: 72 Years of Life in Turkey. Matador. ص. 77. ISBN:978-1848767911. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."In reality, the idea was to reduce the influence of the minority non-Turkish citizens to the country's affairs."
Ince، Basak (أبريل 2012). Citizenship and Identity in Turkey: From Atatürk's Republic to the Present Day. I. B. Tauris. ص. 75. ISBN:978-1780760261. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."These quotations reveal that the real reason for the Wealth Tax was the elimination of non-Muslims from the economy."
Ince، Basak (أبريل 2012). Citizenship and Identity in Turkey: From Atatürk's Republic to the Present Day. I. B. Tauris. ص. 75. ISBN:978-1780760261. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."However, the underlying reason was the elimination of minorities from the economy, and the replacement of the non-Muslim bourgeoisie by its Turkish counterpart."
C. Fortna، Benjamin؛ Katsikas، Stefanos؛ Kamouzis، Dimitris؛ Konortas، Paraskevas (ديسمبر 2012). State-Nationalisms in the Ottoman Empire, Greece and Turkey: Orthodox and Muslims, 1830-1945 (SOAS/Routledge Studies on the Middle East). Routledge. ص. 195. ISBN:978-0415690560. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."... an attempt was being made by means of the Wealth Tax to eliminate the minorities who occupied an important place in Turkey's commercial life."
Akıncılar، Nihan؛ Rogers، Amanda E.؛ Dogan، Evinc؛ Brindisi، Jennifer؛ Alexieva، Anna؛ Schimmang، Beatrice (ديسمبر 2011). Young Minds Rethinking the Mediterranean. Istanbul Kultur University. ص. 23. ISBN:978-0415690560. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."The first visible attempt in order to remove minorities from economic life was the implementation of ‘Wealth Tax’ in 1942 which was accepted in the National Assembly with the claim of balancing and distributing properties of minorities. The actual aim behind the scenes was to impoverish the non-Muslim minorities and eliminate them from the competition in the national economy. Instead, the RPP government tried to create a new wealthy Turkish Muslim bourgeoisie."
Turam، Berna (يناير 2012). Secular State and Religious Society: Two Forces in Play in Turkey. Palgrave Macmillan. ص. 43. ISBN:978-0230338616. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."With the introduction of the Varlik Vergisi (capital tax) in 1942, which aimed to confiscate the property and assets of non-Muslims, an attempt was made to bring the national economy also under the control of Muslim citizens."
Egorova، Yulia (يوليو 2013). Jews, Muslims and Mass Media: Mediating the 'Other. Routledge. ص. 43. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."That tax was instrumental in transferring the control of the market from the non-Muslim groups to the Muslims."
Brink-Danan، Marcy (ديسمبر 2011). Jewish Life in Twenty-First-Century Turkey: The Other Side of Tolerance (New Anthropologies of Europe). Indiana University Press. ص. 11. ISBN:978-0253223500. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."Varlik Vergisi is commonly translated as "Capital Tax" or "Wealth Tax" we might, however, consider an alternate translation of varlik as "presence" which focuses attention on the devaluation- both financial and political of minority presence during this time"
Guttstadt، Corry (مايو 2013). Turkey, the Jews, and the Holocaust. Cambridge University Press. ص. 76. ISBN:978-0521769914. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."... We will use it to eliminate the foreigners who control the market and hand the Turkish market over the Turks." "The foreigners to be eliminated" referred primarily to the non-Muslims citizens of Turkey."

google.se

books.google.se

Gaunt, David. Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press, 2006. نسخة محفوظة 17 مارس 2015 على موقع واي باك مشين. ^{[وصلة مكسورة]}

greekworks.com

Vryonis، Speros (2005). The Mechanism of Catastrophe: The Turkish Pogrom of September 6–7, 1955, and the Destruction of the Greek Community of Istanbul. New York: Greekworks.com, Inc. ISBN:0-9747660-3-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-03-15. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: روابط خارجية في |ناشر= (مساعدة)

hurriyet.com.tr

"Neve Şalom'a ilk saldırı değil (Not the first attack on Neve Shalom)" (بالتركية). صحيفة حريت daily website. 15 Nov 2003. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-04-17.

hurriyetdailynews.com

Yilmaz، Mehmet (26 مارس 2015). "Armenian as an 'insult'". Today's Zaman. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-10-25.

independent.co.uk

Reeves، Phil (20 أغسطس 2002). "Mystery surrounds 'suicide' of Abu Nidal, once a ruthless killer and face of terror". The Independent. London. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-09-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-05-20.

jta.org

"New Trial Ordered for Nine Constantinople Jews Once Acquitted". Jewish News Archive. 16 يناير 1928. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-01-23. {{استشهاد بخبر}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة)
"New Trial Ordered for Nine Constantinople Jews Once Acquitted". Jewish News Archive. 16 يناير 1928. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24.

minorityrights.org

"Minority Rights Group, Turkey > Armenians". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-05-08.

multiculturalcanada.ca

"Turkish Jewry Agitated Over Murder Case". Canadian Jewish Review. 7 أكتوبر 1927. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-11-03.

noravank.am

Melkonyan، Ruben. Melkonyan_02_2010.pdf "ON SOME PROBLEMS OF THE ARMENIAN NATIONAL MINORITY IN TURKEY" (PDF). ص. 2. مؤرشف من الأصل (pdf) في 2019-02-08. {{استشهاد ويب}}: تحقق من قيمة |مسار أرشيف= (مساعدة)

nytimes.com

Arsu، Sebnem؛ Filkins، Dexter (16 نوفمبر 2003). "20 in Istanbul Die in Bombings At Synagogues". The New York Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-12-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-05-20.

pen-kurd.org

https://web.archive.org/web/20191110160825/http://www.pen-kurd.org/almani/haydar/Dersim-PresseerklC3A4rungEnglish.pdf. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2019-11-10. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |title= غير موجود أو فارغ (مساعدة)

radikal.com.tr

Güven, Dilek (6 Sep 2005). "6-7 Eylül Olayları (1)". Radikal (بالتركية). Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2008-10-25. Nitekim 1942 yılında yürürlüğe giren Varlık Vergisi, Ermenilerin, Rumların ve Yahudilerin ekonomideki liderliğine son vermeyi hedeflemiştir...Seçim dönemleri CHP ve DP'nin Varlık Vergisi'nin geri ödeneceği yönündeki vaatleri ise seçim propagandasından ibarettir. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |الفصل= تم تجاهله (help)
Güven, Dilek (6 Sep 2005). "6-7 Eylül Olayları (1)". Radikal (بالتركية). Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2008-10-25. Nitekim 1942 yılında yürürlüğe giren Varlık Vergisi, Ermenilerin, Rumların ve Yahudilerin ekonomideki liderliğine son vermeyi hedeflemiştir...Seçim dönemleri CHP ve DP'nin Varlık Vergisi'nin geri ödeneceği yönündeki vaatleri ise seçim propagandasından ibarettir. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |الفصل= تم تجاهله (help)
Güven, Dilek (6 Sep 2005). "6–7 Eylül Olayları (1)". Radikal (بالتركية). Archived from the original on 2016-03-06.
"Resmi raporlarda Dersim katliamı: 13 bin kişi öldürüldü", Radikal, November 19, 2009. (بالتركية) "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2010-04-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-11-21.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)

refworld.org

Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Turkey : Assyrians نسخة محفوظة 08 يوليو 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.

sabah.com.tr

arsiv.sabah.com.tr

Kilic, Ecevit (7 Sep 2008). "Sermaye nasıl el değiştirdi?". Sabah (بالتركية). Archived from the original on 2017-03-12. 6-7 Eylül olaylarından önce İstanbul'da 135 bin Rum yaşıyordu. Sonrasında bu sayı 70 bine düştü. 1978'e gelindiğinde bu rakam 7 bindi.

tesev.org.tr

Özdoğan، Günay Göksu؛ Kılıçdağı، Ohannes (2012). Hearing Turkey's Armenians : issues, demands and policy recommendations (PDF). İstanbul: Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV). ص. 26. ISBN:978-605-5332-01-3. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2015-04-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-26.

time.com

"TURKEY: Notes, Aug. 29, 1927". Time. 29 أغسطس 1927. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-08-27.

timesofisrael.com

"There's a new bogeyman in Turkey, and, for a change, he's not a Jew". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-22.

uth.gr

demography-lab.prd.uth.gr

https://web.archive.org/web/20190208042233/http://www.demography-lab.prd.uth.gr/DDAoG/article/cont/ergasies/tsilenis.htm. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-02-08. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |title= غير موجود أو فارغ (مساعدة)

uu.nl

"The Suppression of the Dersim Rebellion in Turkey (1937-38) Page 4". مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2013-05-21.

web.archive.org

"'Khojali: A Pretext to Incite Ethnic Hatred'". Armenian Weekly. 22 فبراير 2015. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-08-26.
Xypolia، Ilia (18 فبراير 2016). "Racist Aspects of Modern Turkish Nationalism". Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. ج. 0 ع. 0: 1–14. DOI:10.1080/19448953.2016.1141580. ISSN:1944-8953. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة)
الشافي، د عصام عبد. "العنصرية في تركيا.. الأسباب وآليات المواجهة". الجزيرة نت. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-07-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-07-28.
Hovannisian، Richard G. (2011). The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies. Transaction Publishers. ص. 40. ISBN:9781412835923. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-04. In it, Muslims had full legal and social rights, while non-Muslim "people of the book," that is, Jews and Christians, had a second-class subject status that entailed, among other things, higher taxes, exclusion from the military and political spheres, and strict limitations on legal rights.
Hamidian Massacres, Armenian Genocide. نسخة محفوظة 24 أبريل 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Adalian، Rouben Paul (2012). "The Armenian Genocide". في Totten، Samuel؛ Parsons، William S. (المحررون). Century of Genocide. Routledge. ص. 117–56. ISBN:9780415871914. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24.
Adalian، Rouben Paul (2010). "Adana Massacre". Historical Dictionary of Armenia. Scarecrow Press. ص. 70–71. ISBN:9780810874503. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-10-19.
Resolution on genocides committed by the Ottoman empire (PDF)، International Association of Genocide Scholars، مؤرشف من الأصل (نسق المستندات المنقولة) في 2012-01-17.
Gaunt, David. Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press, 2006. نسخة محفوظة 17 مارس 2015 على موقع واي باك مشين. ^{[وصلة مكسورة]}
Letter from the الجمعية الدولية لعلماء الإبادة الجماعية to رئيس وزراء تركيا رجب طيب أردوغان, June 13, 2005 نسخة محفوظة 17 ديسمبر 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution, April 24, 1998. نسخة محفوظة 14 مارس 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
A Letter from The International Association of Genocide Scholars (PDF)، Genocide Watch، 13 يونيو 2005، مؤرشف من الأصل (نسق المستندات المنقولة) في 2017-10-11.
Melkonyan، Ruben. Melkonyan_02_2010.pdf "ON SOME PROBLEMS OF THE ARMENIAN NATIONAL MINORITY IN TURKEY" (PDF). ص. 2. مؤرشف من الأصل (pdf) في 2019-02-08. {{استشهاد ويب}}: تحقق من قيمة |مسار أرشيف= (مساعدة)
Güven, Dilek (6 Sep 2005). "6-7 Eylül Olayları (1)". Radikal (بالتركية). Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2008-10-25. Nitekim 1942 yılında yürürlüğe giren Varlık Vergisi, Ermenilerin, Rumların ve Yahudilerin ekonomideki liderliğine son vermeyi hedeflemiştir...Seçim dönemleri CHP ve DP'nin Varlık Vergisi'nin geri ödeneceği yönündeki vaatleri ise seçim propagandasından ibarettir. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |الفصل= تم تجاهله (help)
Nowill، Sidney E. P. (ديسمبر 2011). Constantinople and Istanbul: 72 Years of Life in Turkey. Matador. ص. 77. ISBN:978-1848767911. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."In reality, the idea was to reduce the influence of the minority non-Turkish citizens to the country's affairs."
Ince، Basak (أبريل 2012). Citizenship and Identity in Turkey: From Atatürk's Republic to the Present Day. I. B. Tauris. ص. 75. ISBN:978-1780760261. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."These quotations reveal that the real reason for the Wealth Tax was the elimination of non-Muslims from the economy."
Ince، Basak (أبريل 2012). Citizenship and Identity in Turkey: From Atatürk's Republic to the Present Day. I. B. Tauris. ص. 75. ISBN:978-1780760261. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."However, the underlying reason was the elimination of minorities from the economy, and the replacement of the non-Muslim bourgeoisie by its Turkish counterpart."
C. Fortna، Benjamin؛ Katsikas، Stefanos؛ Kamouzis، Dimitris؛ Konortas، Paraskevas (ديسمبر 2012). State-Nationalisms in the Ottoman Empire, Greece and Turkey: Orthodox and Muslims, 1830-1945 (SOAS/Routledge Studies on the Middle East). Routledge. ص. 195. ISBN:978-0415690560. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."... an attempt was being made by means of the Wealth Tax to eliminate the minorities who occupied an important place in Turkey's commercial life."
Akıncılar، Nihan؛ Rogers، Amanda E.؛ Dogan، Evinc؛ Brindisi، Jennifer؛ Alexieva، Anna؛ Schimmang، Beatrice (ديسمبر 2011). Young Minds Rethinking the Mediterranean. Istanbul Kultur University. ص. 23. ISBN:978-0415690560. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."The first visible attempt in order to remove minorities from economic life was the implementation of ‘Wealth Tax’ in 1942 which was accepted in the National Assembly with the claim of balancing and distributing properties of minorities. The actual aim behind the scenes was to impoverish the non-Muslim minorities and eliminate them from the competition in the national economy. Instead, the RPP government tried to create a new wealthy Turkish Muslim bourgeoisie."
Turam، Berna (يناير 2012). Secular State and Religious Society: Two Forces in Play in Turkey. Palgrave Macmillan. ص. 43. ISBN:978-0230338616. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."With the introduction of the Varlik Vergisi (capital tax) in 1942, which aimed to confiscate the property and assets of non-Muslims, an attempt was made to bring the national economy also under the control of Muslim citizens."
Egorova، Yulia (يوليو 2013). Jews, Muslims and Mass Media: Mediating the 'Other. Routledge. ص. 43. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."That tax was instrumental in transferring the control of the market from the non-Muslim groups to the Muslims."
Brink-Danan، Marcy (ديسمبر 2011). Jewish Life in Twenty-First-Century Turkey: The Other Side of Tolerance (New Anthropologies of Europe). Indiana University Press. ص. 11. ISBN:978-0253223500. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."Varlik Vergisi is commonly translated as "Capital Tax" or "Wealth Tax" we might, however, consider an alternate translation of varlik as "presence" which focuses attention on the devaluation- both financial and political of minority presence during this time"
Guttstadt، Corry (مايو 2013). Turkey, the Jews, and the Holocaust. Cambridge University Press. ص. 76. ISBN:978-0521769914. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24."... We will use it to eliminate the foreigners who control the market and hand the Turkish market over the Turks." "The foreigners to be eliminated" referred primarily to the non-Muslims citizens of Turkey."
Güven, Dilek (6 Sep 2005). "6-7 Eylül Olayları (1)". Radikal (بالتركية). Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2008-10-25. Nitekim 1942 yılında yürürlüğe giren Varlık Vergisi, Ermenilerin, Rumların ve Yahudilerin ekonomideki liderliğine son vermeyi hedeflemiştir...Seçim dönemleri CHP ve DP'nin Varlık Vergisi'nin geri ödeneceği yönündeki vaatleri ise seçim propagandasından ibarettir. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |الفصل= تم تجاهله (help)
"Minority Rights Group, Turkey > Armenians". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-05-08.
Marchand، Laure؛ Perrier، Guillaume (2015). Turkey and the Armenian Ghost: On the Trail of the Genocide. McGill-Queen's Press. ص. 158. ISBN:0773597204. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-05-07.
Özdoğan، Günay Göksu؛ Kılıçdağı، Ohannes (2012). Hearing Turkey's Armenians : issues, demands and policy recommendations (PDF). İstanbul: Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV). ص. 26. ISBN:978-605-5332-01-3. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2015-04-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-26.
Yilmaz، Mehmet (26 مارس 2015). "Armenian as an 'insult'". Today's Zaman. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-10-25.
Aghajanian، Liana (2 فبراير 2012). "Under Hrant Dink's Aura, a Turkish-Armenian Community Comes Into Its Own". Ararat. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-08-12.
Tremblay، Pinar (11 أكتوبر 2015). "Grew up Kurdish, forced to be Turkish, now called Armenian". Al-Monitor. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-08.
Stafford، Ronald Sempill (2006)، [http://books.google.com/books?id=LSzuzsRh37gC&pg=PA25 The Tragedy of the Assyrians]، Gorgias Press LLC، ISBN:978-1593334130، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-04-09، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-11-21 {{استشهاد}}: روابط خارجية في |عنوان= (مساعدة).
Hovannisian، Richard (2007)، [http://books.google.com/books?id=CB4Bh0-zrgoC&pg=PA271 The Armenian genocide: cultural and ethical legacies]، New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers، ISBN:978-1412806190، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-05-18، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-09-20 {{استشهاد}}: روابط خارجية في |عنوان= (مساعدة).
Ungor، Uğur (2005)، [http://ermenisoykirimi.net/thesis.pdf CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923] (PDF)، ص. 62، مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-10-12، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-11-21 {{استشهاد}}: روابط خارجية في |عنوان= (مساعدة)
Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Turkey : Assyrians نسخة محفوظة 08 يوليو 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
قصة "آخر مسيحية" في بلدة زاز التركية نسخة محفوظة 21 نوفمبر 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
البرلمان الألماني يدعو تركيا إلى حماية حقوق الأقليات نسخة محفوظة 19 يونيو 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Reconciled By the St. Gabriel Assyrian Monastery in Turkey، AINA.org نسخة محفوظة 05 مارس 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Turkish Supreme Court Rules Against Assyrian Monastery، AINA.org نسخة محفوظة 17 سبتمبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
أنقاض التاريخ: مسيحيو وعرب الإمبراطورية العثمانية؛ أحوال تركيَّة، 29 يناير 2018. نسخة محفوظة 16 ديسمبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Pope Francis visit: Turkey's Christians face tense times نسخة محفوظة 25 نوفمبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Vryonis، Speros (2005). The Mechanism of Catastrophe: The Turkish Pogrom of September 6–7, 1955, and the Destruction of the Greek Community of Istanbul. New York: Greekworks.com, Inc. ISBN:0-9747660-3-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-03-15. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: روابط خارجية في |ناشر= (مساعدة)
Güven, Dilek (6 Sep 2005). "6–7 Eylül Olayları (1)". Radikal (بالتركية). Archived from the original on 2016-03-06.
https://web.archive.org/web/20190208042233/http://www.demography-lab.prd.uth.gr/DDAoG/article/cont/ergasies/tsilenis.htm. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-02-08. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |title= غير موجود أو فارغ (مساعدة)
Kilic, Ecevit (7 Sep 2008). "Sermaye nasıl el değiştirdi?". Sabah (بالتركية). Archived from the original on 2017-03-12. 6-7 Eylül olaylarından önce İstanbul'da 135 bin Rum yaşıyordu. Sonrasında bu sayı 70 bine düştü. 1978'e gelindiğinde bu rakam 7 bindi.
"Turkey 2007 Progress Report, Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges 2007–2008" (PDF). Commission Stuff Working Document of International Affairs. ص. 22. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-10-28{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: postscript (link)
"New Trial Ordered for Nine Constantinople Jews Once Acquitted". Jewish News Archive. 16 يناير 1928. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-01-23. {{استشهاد بخبر}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة)
Benbassa، Esther؛ Rodrigue, Aron (1999). Sephardi Jewry: a history of the Judeo-Spanish community, 14th--20th centuries (ط. 1. California paperback). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN:9780520218222. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-02.
"New Trial Ordered for Nine Constantinople Jews Once Acquitted". Jewish News Archive. 16 يناير 1928. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24.
"Turkish Jewry Agitated Over Murder Case". Canadian Jewish Review. 7 أكتوبر 1927. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-11-03.
Kalderon، Albert E. (1983). Abraham Galanté : a biography. New York: Published by Sepher-Hermon Press for Sephardic House at Congregation Shearith Israel. ص. 53. ISBN:9780872031111. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-02.
"TURKEY: Notes, Aug. 29, 1927". Time. 29 أغسطس 1927. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-08-27.
Arsu، Sebnem؛ Filkins، Dexter (16 نوفمبر 2003). "20 in Istanbul Die in Bombings At Synagogues". The New York Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-12-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-05-20.
Reeves، Phil (20 أغسطس 2002). "Mystery surrounds 'suicide' of Abu Nidal, once a ruthless killer and face of terror". The Independent. London. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-09-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-05-20.
"Bombings at Istanbul Synagogues Kill 23". Fox News. 16 نوفمبر 2003. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-10-23.
"Neve Şalom'a ilk saldırı değil (Not the first attack on Neve Shalom)" (بالتركية). صحيفة حريت daily website. 15 Nov 2003. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
"There's a new bogeyman in Turkey, and, for a change, he's not a Jew". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-22.
"Resmi raporlarda Dersim katliamı: 13 bin kişi öldürüldü", Radikal, November 19, 2009. (بالتركية) "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2010-04-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-11-21.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
"The Suppression of the Dersim Rebellion in Turkey (1937-38) Page 4". مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2013-05-21.
https://web.archive.org/web/20191110160825/http://www.pen-kurd.org/almani/haydar/Dersim-PresseerklC3A4rungEnglish.pdf. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2019-11-10. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |title= غير موجود أو فارغ (مساعدة)

wikidata.org

Akçam, Taner ^{[لغات أخرى]}‏ (2006) A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility p. 42, Metropolitan Books, New York (ردمك 978-0-8050-7932-6)

wiktionary.org

ar.wiktionary.org

Wiktionary definition of genocide

worldcat.org

Xypolia، Ilia (18 فبراير 2016). "Racist Aspects of Modern Turkish Nationalism". Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies. ج. 0 ع. 0: 1–14. DOI:10.1080/19448953.2016.1141580. ISSN:1944-8953. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة)
Lauren، Fulton (Spring 2008). "A Muted Controversy: Freedom of Speech in Turkey". Harvard International Review. ج. 30 ع. 1: 26–29. ISSN:0739-1854. Free speech is now in a state reminiscent of the days before EU accession talks. Journalists or academics who speak out against state institutions are subject to prosecution under the aegis of loophole laws. Such laws are especially objectionable because they lead to a culture in which other, more physically apparent rights abuses become prevalent. Violations of freedom of expression can escalate into other rights abuses, including torture, racism, and other forms of discrimination. Because free speech is suppressed, the stories of these abuses then go unreported in what becomes a vicious cycle.
Sule; Bulent، Toktas; Bulent. (Winter 2009). "The EU and Minority Rights in Turkey". Political Science Quarterly. New York, NY: Academy of Political Science. ج. 124 ع. 4: 697-0_8. DOI:10.1002/j.1538-165x.2009.tb00664.x. ISSN:0032-3195. In the Turkish context, the solution to minority rights is to handle them through improvements in three realms: elimination of discrimination, cultural rights, and religious freedom. However, reforms in these spheres fall short of the spirit generated in the Treaty of Lausanne.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
Özbek، Sinan (2005). "Reflections on Racism in Turkey". Human Affairs. ج. 15 ع. 1: 84–95. ISSN:1210-3055.