References analysis of the Wikipedia article "ضربة استباقية" in the Arabic version

archive.org

"Preemptive attack is morally justified when three conditions are fulfilled: The existence of an intention to injure, the undertaking of military preparations that increase the level of danger, and the need to act immediately because of a higher degree of risk. Since these conditions were met in Israel's Six Day War, Israel's preemptive attack on Egypt on June 5, 1967 was a legitimate act of self-defense." Mark R. Amstutz International Ethics: Concepts, Theories, and Cases in Global Politics

Mark R. Amstutz, International Ethics: Concepts, Theories, and Cases in Global Politics

army.mil

history.army.mil

"COMMAND DECISIONS", CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C., 2000. URL p. 59 "The British plan which was adopted was more modest. While ostensibly intended to bring Allied troops to the Finnish front, it laid its main emphasis on operations in northern Norway and Sweden. The main striking force was to land at Narvik and advance along the railroad to its eastern terminus at Lulea, occupying Kiruna and Gallivare along the way. By late April two Allied brigades were to be established along that line." نسخة محفوظة 8 أكتوبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.

"COMMAND DECISIONS", CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C., 2000. URL p. 66, 67 "The British held back two divisions from France, intending to put them into the field in Norway, and planned to expand their force eventually to 100,000 men. The French intended to commit about 50,000. The British and French staffs agreed that the latter half of March would be the best time for going into Norway;" نسخة محفوظة 8 أكتوبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.

"COMMAND DECISIONS", CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C., 2000. URL p.67,68 "The objectives were to take Narvik, the railroad, and the Swedish ore fields;" "an intercepted radio message setting 14 March as the deadline for preparation of transport groups indicated that the Allied operation was getting under way. But another message, intercepted on the 15th, ordering the submarines to disperse revealed that the peace [in Finland] had disrupted the Allied plan." نسخة محفوظة 8 أكتوبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.

"COMMAND DECISIONS", CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C., 2000. URL p. 68 نسخة محفوظة 8 أكتوبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.

strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil

"The Implications of Preemptive and Preventive War Doctrines: a Reconsideration" (PDF). 2007. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-02-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-12-02. A US Army sponsored discussion of various justifications for preemptive, preventive and 'precautionary' war.

books.google.com

Thomas Heyck (27 سبتمبر 2013). A History of the Peoples of the British Isles: From 1688 to 1914. Routledge. ص. 29. ISBN:978-1-134-41521-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-22.

Richard L. DiNardo (14 أبريل 2015). Invasion: The Conquest of Serbia, 1915: The Conquest of Serbia, 1915. ABC-CLIO. ص. 13–. ISBN:978-1-4408-0093-1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-22.

Michael S. Neiberg (2007). The World War I Reader. NYU Press. ص. 7. ISBN:978-0-8147-5832-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-22.

The Six Day War is, "A classic example of preemptive war." Henry Shue, David Rodin Preemption: military action and moral justification نسخة محفوظة 22 فبراير 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.

"Classic examples of preemptive wars include the July Crisis of 1914 and the Six Day War of 1967 in which Israel preemptively attacked Egypt...." Karl P. Mueller Striking first: preemptive and preventive attack in U.S. national security نسخة محفوظة 22 فبراير 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.

"The Six Day War between Israel and alliance of Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq was an example of preemption." And, "It exemplifies preemption." Charles W. Kegley, Gregory A. Raymond The Global Future: A Brief Introduction to World Politics نسخة محفوظة 22 فبراير 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.

"The United States has often walked a fine line between preemption and prevention. In fact there have only been a handful of clear-cut cases of military preemption by any states in the last 200 years. (Israeli preemption in the Six Day War of 1967 is perhaps the most cited example)" U.S. National Security Strategy: a New Era U.S. Department of State (2002) نسخة محفوظة 22 فبراير 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.

Distein, Yoram, War, Aggression and Self-Defense p. 192, Cambridge University Press (2005) نسخة محفوظة 22 فبراير 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.

heinonline.org

u-s-history.com

"United States History: Woodrow Wilson". 2010. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 1010-11-30. {{استشهاد ويب}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ الوصول= (مساعدة) Discussion of Woodrow Wilson's desire to make World War I the War to End All Wars.

un.org

"Adoption of Policy of Pre-emption Could Result in Proliferation of Uniliteral, Lawless Use of Force: By Kofi Annan". 2003. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-04-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-12-02. Kofi Annan discusses his unwillingness to accept proposed new changes in UN policy towards the use of preemptive force, and why.

web.archive.org

Beres, Louis Rene (1991–1992)، On Assassination as Anticipatory Self-Defense: The Case of Israel، Hofstra L. Rev.، ج. 20، ص. 321، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-22

"الاتحاد". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-22.

Beres, Louis R. (1991)، Permissibility of State-Sponsored Assassination during Peace and War, The، Temp. Int'l & Comp. L.J.، ج. 5، ص. 231، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-22

Thomas Heyck (27 سبتمبر 2013). A History of the Peoples of the British Isles: From 1688 to 1914. Routledge. ص. 29. ISBN:978-1-134-41521-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-22.

Michael S. Neiberg (2007). The World War I Reader. NYU Press. ص. 7. ISBN:978-0-8147-5832-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-22.

"Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site: League of Nations article". 2010. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-11-30. Article summarizing the primary objective of the League of Nations.

"COMMAND DECISIONS", CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C., 2000. URL p. 68 نسخة محفوظة 8 أكتوبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.

"https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2009-10-14. {{استشهاد ويب}}: روابط خارجية في |عنوان= (مساعدة)

"Israel's Strategic Doctrine" (PDF). مؤسسة راند. سبتمبر 1981. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2019-08-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-08-27.

""Israel's National Security Doctrine: The Report of the Committee on the Formulation of the National Security Doctrine (Meridor Committee), Ten Years Later."" (PDF). معهد دراسات الأمن القومي الإسرائيلي. فبراير 2019. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2019-08-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-08-27.

"Strategic Doctrine - Israel". اتحاد العلماء الأمريكيين. 25 مايو 2000. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-11-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-01-27.

Choice or Necessity (New York Times, May 8, 2009) نسخة محفوظة 1 مارس 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.

Distein, Yoram, War, Aggression and Self-Defense p. 192, Cambridge University Press (2005) نسخة محفوظة 22 فبراير 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.

Sofaer Abraham D (2003). "On the Necessity of Pre-emption". European Journal of International Law. ج. 14 ع. 2: 220. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2006-10-03.

Krauthammer، Charles (23 مايو 2011). "Obama adopts the Bush Doctrine". Chicago Tribune. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-03-30.

ضربة استباقية (Arabic Wikipedia)

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