مقاومة مدنية (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "مقاومة مدنية" in Arabic language version.

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aeinstein.org

Examples of the use of the term "civil resistance" include إيريكا تشينويث and Maria J. Stephan, Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, Columbia University Press, New York, 2011; Howard Clark, Civil Resistance in Kosovo, Pluto Press, London, 2000; Sharon Erickson Nepstad, Nonviolent Revolution: Civil Resistance in the Late 20th Century نسخة محفوظة 20 أكتوبر 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين., Oxford University Press, New York, 2011; Michael Randle, Civil Resistance, Fontana, London, 1994; آدم روبرتس, Civil Resistance in the East European and Soviet Revolutions, Albert Einstein Institution, Massachusetts, 1991. نسخة محفوظة 13 ديسمبر 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.

amazon.com

Examples of the use of the term "civil resistance" include إيريكا تشينويث and Maria J. Stephan, Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, Columbia University Press, New York, 2011; Howard Clark, Civil Resistance in Kosovo, Pluto Press, London, 2000; Sharon Erickson Nepstad, Nonviolent Revolution: Civil Resistance in the Late 20th Century نسخة محفوظة 20 أكتوبر 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين., Oxford University Press, New York, 2011; Michael Randle, Civil Resistance, Fontana, London, 1994; آدم روبرتس, Civil Resistance in the East European and Soviet Revolutions, Albert Einstein Institution, Massachusetts, 1991. نسخة محفوظة 13 ديسمبر 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
A pioneering exploration of certain examples of connections between non-violent resistance and other forms of power is in Kurt Schock, Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005, especially at pp. 153–62. A more general discussion of this question is in Adam Roberts, "Introduction", in Roberts and Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics, especially at pp. 13–20. نسخة محفوظة 23 يناير 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.

archive.org

Roberts، Adam (1975). "Civil Resistance to Military Coups". Journal of Peace Research. Oslo. ج. 12 ع. 1: 19–36. DOI:10.1177/002234337501200102. JSTOR:422898.

bbc.co.uk

downloads.bbc.co.uk

أون سان سو تشي, second BBC Reith Lecture, "Dissent", first broadcast 5 July 2011, transcript available at BBC website. نسخة محفوظة 05 مارس 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.

books.google.com

This is abstracted from the longer definition of "civil resistance" in Adam Roberts, Introduction, in Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash (eds.), Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present, Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 2–3. See also the short definition in Gene Sharp, Sharp's Dictionary of Power and Struggle: Language of Civil Resistance in Conflicts, Oxford University Press, New York, 2011, p. 87. نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash (eds.), Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present, Oxford University Press, 2009. Include chapters by specialists on nineteen movements between 1917 and 2007. نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
See for example Roberts and Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics, pp. 21–23 (chapter by Roberts), 93 (Kramer) and 386n. (Garton Ash). نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
These accusations by Presidents Assad and Putin are cited and discussed in Adam Roberts, Michael J. Willis, Rory McCarthy and تيموثي غارتون آش (eds.), Civil Resistance in the Arab Spring: Triumphs and Disasters, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016, pp. 277–80, 314–17 (chapter by Roberts). نسخة محفوظة 10 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
A pioneering exploration of certain examples of connections between non-violent resistance and other forms of power is in Kurt Schock, Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005, especially at pp. 153–62. A more general discussion of this question is in Adam Roberts, "Introduction", in Roberts and Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics, especially at pp. 13–20. نسخة محفوظة 23 يناير 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Amado Mendoza, "‘People Power'" in the Philippines, 1983–86’ in Roberts and Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics, pp. 179–96, where he discusses at pp. 186–89 the competitive relationship between the violent and non-violent anti-dictatorship movements. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-10-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-07-30.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
These three cases of round table talks are outlined by Judith Brown, Alexander Smolar and Andrew Wilson respectively in Roberts and Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics, pp. 47, 55 (India), 136–43 (Poland), and 350–53 (Ukraine). نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Kenneth Maxwell, ‘Portugal: "The Revolution of the Carnations", 1974–75’, in Roberts and Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics, pp. 144–61. نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Cases of perceived failure of civil resistance being followed by armed campaigns and military intervention are outlined by Richard English and Howard Clark in Roberts and Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics, pp. 75–90 (Northern Ireland) and 277–94 (Kosovo). نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.

civilresistance.info

Examples of the use of the term "civil resistance" include إيريكا تشينويث and Maria J. Stephan, Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, Columbia University Press, New York, 2011; Howard Clark, Civil Resistance in Kosovo, Pluto Press, London, 2000; Sharon Erickson Nepstad, Nonviolent Revolution: Civil Resistance in the Late 20th Century نسخة محفوظة 20 أكتوبر 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين., Oxford University Press, New York, 2011; Michael Randle, Civil Resistance, Fontana, London, 1994; آدم روبرتس, Civil Resistance in the East European and Soviet Revolutions, Albert Einstein Institution, Massachusetts, 1991. نسخة محفوظة 13 ديسمبر 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.

columbia.edu

cup.columbia.edu

Examples of the use of the term "civil resistance" include إيريكا تشينويث and Maria J. Stephan, Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, Columbia University Press, New York, 2011; Howard Clark, Civil Resistance in Kosovo, Pluto Press, London, 2000; Sharon Erickson Nepstad, Nonviolent Revolution: Civil Resistance in the Late 20th Century نسخة محفوظة 20 أكتوبر 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين., Oxford University Press, New York, 2011; Michael Randle, Civil Resistance, Fontana, London, 1994; آدم روبرتس, Civil Resistance in the East European and Soviet Revolutions, Albert Einstein Institution, Massachusetts, 1991. نسخة محفوظة 13 ديسمبر 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.

david-kilgour.com

For example, by Stephan، Maria J.؛ Chenoweth، Erica (2008). "Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict". International Security. ج. 33 ع. 1: 7–44. DOI:10.1162/isec.2008.33.1.7. ISSN:0162-2889. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-10-30. And Ackerman، Peter؛ Rodal، Berel (2008). "The Strategic Dimensions of Civil Resistance" (PDF). Survival. London. ج. 50 ع. 3: 111–25. DOI:10.1080/00396330802173131. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-26.

digiactive.org

Fabien Miard, Mobile Phones as a Tool for Civil Resistance: Case Studies from Serbia and Belarus, DigiActive Research Series, June 2009. [9] نسخة محفوظة 27 فبراير 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين. ^{[وصلة مكسورة]}

doi.org

T. R. Davies, "The failure of strategic nonviolent action in Bahrain, Egypt, Libya and Syria: ‘political ju-jitsu’ in reverse", Global Change, Peace and Security, vol. 26, no. 3 (2014), pp. 299–313. ISSN 1478-1158 دُوِي:10.1080/14781158.2014.924916.
Roberts، Adam (1975). "Civil Resistance to Military Coups". Journal of Peace Research. Oslo. ج. 12 ع. 1: 19–36. DOI:10.1177/002234337501200102. JSTOR:422898.
For example, by Stephan، Maria J.؛ Chenoweth، Erica (2008). "Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict". International Security. ج. 33 ع. 1: 7–44. DOI:10.1162/isec.2008.33.1.7. ISSN:0162-2889. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-10-30. And Ackerman، Peter؛ Rodal، Berel (2008). "The Strategic Dimensions of Civil Resistance" (PDF). Survival. London. ج. 50 ع. 3: 111–25. DOI:10.1080/00396330802173131. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-26.

e-ir.info

David Cortright, review on E-International Relations website, 17 January 2013. [4] نسخة محفوظة 26 يوليو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.

freedomhouse.org

See e.g. the report by Peter Ackerman, Adrian Karatnycky and others, How Freedom is Won. From Civil Resistance to Durable Democracy, Freedom House, New York, 2005 [1] نسخة محفوظة 25 أكتوبر 2011 على موقع واي باك مشين. ^{[وصلة مكسورة]}

gandhiserve.org

مهاتما غاندي, "The Momentous Issue", Young India, 10 November 1921; in Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, electronic edition, vol. 25, pp. 76–78. [7] نسخة محفوظة 12 مارس 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
مهاتما غاندي, letter to P. Kodanda Rao, 10 September 1935; in Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, electronic edition, vol. 67, p. 400.[8] نسخة محفوظة 12 مارس 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.

globalpolicyjournal.com

Juan Masullo Jimenez, review of Why Civil Resistance Works on Global Policy website, 29 November 2013. [3]. نسخة محفوظة 23 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.

harvard.edu

belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu

Maria J. Stephan and Erica Chenoweth, "Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict", International Security, vol. 33, no. 1 (Summer 2008), p. 42. ISSN 0162-2889 [2]. (See also their 2011 book, Why Civil Resistance Works, listed below in the bibliography.) نسخة محفوظة 30 أكتوبر 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
For example, by Stephan، Maria J.؛ Chenoweth، Erica (2008). "Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict". International Security. ج. 33 ع. 1: 7–44. DOI:10.1162/isec.2008.33.1.7. ISSN:0162-2889. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-10-30. And Ackerman، Peter؛ Rodal، Berel (2008). "The Strategic Dimensions of Civil Resistance" (PDF). Survival. London. ج. 50 ع. 3: 111–25. DOI:10.1080/00396330802173131. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-26.

jstor.org

Roberts، Adam (1975). "Civil Resistance to Military Coups". Journal of Peace Research. Oslo. ج. 12 ع. 1: 19–36. DOI:10.1177/002234337501200102. JSTOR:422898.

mcherifbassiouni.com

محمود شريف بسيوني, Egypt Update no. 27, 19 February 2014, paragraphs 8–9, 18. نسخة محفوظة 31 يوليو 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين. ^{[وصلة مكسورة]}

ohlj.ca

Conway، Janet (2003). "Civil Resistance and the 'Diversity of Tactics' in the Anti-Globalization Movement: Problems of Violence, Silence, and Solidarity in Activist Politics" (PDF). Osgoode Hall Law Journal. ج. 41 ع. 2 & 3: 505–17. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 26 أغسطس 2019. اطلع عليه بتاريخ أغسطس 2020. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ الوصول= (مساعدة)

oup.com

Examples of the use of the term "civil resistance" include إيريكا تشينويث and Maria J. Stephan, Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, Columbia University Press, New York, 2011; Howard Clark, Civil Resistance in Kosovo, Pluto Press, London, 2000; Sharon Erickson Nepstad, Nonviolent Revolution: Civil Resistance in the Late 20th Century نسخة محفوظة 20 أكتوبر 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين., Oxford University Press, New York, 2011; Michael Randle, Civil Resistance, Fontana, London, 1994; آدم روبرتس, Civil Resistance in the East European and Soviet Revolutions, Albert Einstein Institution, Massachusetts, 1991. نسخة محفوظة 13 ديسمبر 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
This is abstracted from the longer definition of "civil resistance" in Adam Roberts, Introduction, in Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash (eds.), Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present, Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 2–3. See also the short definition in Gene Sharp, Sharp's Dictionary of Power and Struggle: Language of Civil Resistance in Conflicts, Oxford University Press, New York, 2011, p. 87. نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.

tandfonline.com

Adam Roberts, "Terrorism Research: Past, Present and Future", Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, vol. 38, no. 1, January 2015, pp. 62–74. [5] ^{[وصلة مكسورة]} نسخة محفوظة 10 يناير 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.

theguardian.com

Mustafa Khalili, ‘The two sets of protesters were left to fight it out,’ The Guardian, London, 3 February 2011, provides an eye-witness account of the events of 2 February. Also available at [6]. نسخة محفوظة 12 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.

web.archive.org

Examples of the use of the term "civil resistance" include إيريكا تشينويث and Maria J. Stephan, Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, Columbia University Press, New York, 2011; Howard Clark, Civil Resistance in Kosovo, Pluto Press, London, 2000; Sharon Erickson Nepstad, Nonviolent Revolution: Civil Resistance in the Late 20th Century نسخة محفوظة 20 أكتوبر 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين., Oxford University Press, New York, 2011; Michael Randle, Civil Resistance, Fontana, London, 1994; آدم روبرتس, Civil Resistance in the East European and Soviet Revolutions, Albert Einstein Institution, Massachusetts, 1991. نسخة محفوظة 13 ديسمبر 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
This is abstracted from the longer definition of "civil resistance" in Adam Roberts, Introduction, in Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash (eds.), Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present, Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 2–3. See also the short definition in Gene Sharp, Sharp's Dictionary of Power and Struggle: Language of Civil Resistance in Conflicts, Oxford University Press, New York, 2011, p. 87. نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
See e.g. the report by Peter Ackerman, Adrian Karatnycky and others, How Freedom is Won. From Civil Resistance to Durable Democracy, Freedom House, New York, 2005 [1] نسخة محفوظة 25 أكتوبر 2011 على موقع واي باك مشين. ^{[وصلة مكسورة]}
Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash (eds.), Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present, Oxford University Press, 2009. Include chapters by specialists on nineteen movements between 1917 and 2007. نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Maria J. Stephan and Erica Chenoweth, "Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict", International Security, vol. 33, no. 1 (Summer 2008), p. 42. ISSN 0162-2889 [2]. (See also their 2011 book, Why Civil Resistance Works, listed below in the bibliography.) نسخة محفوظة 30 أكتوبر 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Juan Masullo Jimenez, review of Why Civil Resistance Works on Global Policy website, 29 November 2013. [3]. نسخة محفوظة 23 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
David Cortright, review on E-International Relations website, 17 January 2013. [4] نسخة محفوظة 26 يوليو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Adam Roberts, "Terrorism Research: Past, Present and Future", Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, vol. 38, no. 1, January 2015, pp. 62–74. [5] ^{[وصلة مكسورة]} نسخة محفوظة 10 يناير 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
أون سان سو تشي, second BBC Reith Lecture, "Dissent", first broadcast 5 July 2011, transcript available at BBC website. نسخة محفوظة 05 مارس 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
See for example Roberts and Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics, pp. 21–23 (chapter by Roberts), 93 (Kramer) and 386n. (Garton Ash). نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
These accusations by Presidents Assad and Putin are cited and discussed in Adam Roberts, Michael J. Willis, Rory McCarthy and تيموثي غارتون آش (eds.), Civil Resistance in the Arab Spring: Triumphs and Disasters, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016, pp. 277–80, 314–17 (chapter by Roberts). نسخة محفوظة 10 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
A pioneering exploration of certain examples of connections between non-violent resistance and other forms of power is in Kurt Schock, Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005, especially at pp. 153–62. A more general discussion of this question is in Adam Roberts, "Introduction", in Roberts and Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics, especially at pp. 13–20. نسخة محفوظة 23 يناير 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Amado Mendoza, "‘People Power'" in the Philippines, 1983–86’ in Roberts and Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics, pp. 179–96, where he discusses at pp. 186–89 the competitive relationship between the violent and non-violent anti-dictatorship movements. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-10-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-07-30.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
These three cases of round table talks are outlined by Judith Brown, Alexander Smolar and Andrew Wilson respectively in Roberts and Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics, pp. 47, 55 (India), 136–43 (Poland), and 350–53 (Ukraine). نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
محمود شريف بسيوني, Egypt Update no. 27, 19 February 2014, paragraphs 8–9, 18. نسخة محفوظة 31 يوليو 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين. ^{[وصلة مكسورة]}
Kenneth Maxwell, ‘Portugal: "The Revolution of the Carnations", 1974–75’, in Roberts and Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics, pp. 144–61. نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Cases of perceived failure of civil resistance being followed by armed campaigns and military intervention are outlined by Richard English and Howard Clark in Roberts and Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics, pp. 75–90 (Northern Ireland) and 277–94 (Kosovo). نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Mustafa Khalili, ‘The two sets of protesters were left to fight it out,’ The Guardian, London, 3 February 2011, provides an eye-witness account of the events of 2 February. Also available at [6]. نسخة محفوظة 12 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
مهاتما غاندي, "The Momentous Issue", Young India, 10 November 1921; in Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, electronic edition, vol. 25, pp. 76–78. [7] نسخة محفوظة 12 مارس 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
مهاتما غاندي, letter to P. Kodanda Rao, 10 September 1935; in Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, electronic edition, vol. 67, p. 400.[8] نسخة محفوظة 12 مارس 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Fabien Miard, Mobile Phones as a Tool for Civil Resistance: Case Studies from Serbia and Belarus, DigiActive Research Series, June 2009. [9] نسخة محفوظة 27 فبراير 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين. ^{[وصلة مكسورة]}
For example, by Stephan، Maria J.؛ Chenoweth، Erica (2008). "Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict". International Security. ج. 33 ع. 1: 7–44. DOI:10.1162/isec.2008.33.1.7. ISSN:0162-2889. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-10-30. And Ackerman، Peter؛ Rodal، Berel (2008). "The Strategic Dimensions of Civil Resistance" (PDF). Survival. London. ج. 50 ع. 3: 111–25. DOI:10.1080/00396330802173131. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-26.
Conway، Janet (2003). "Civil Resistance and the 'Diversity of Tactics' in the Anti-Globalization Movement: Problems of Violence, Silence, and Solidarity in Activist Politics" (PDF). Osgoode Hall Law Journal. ج. 41 ع. 2 & 3: 505–17. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 26 أغسطس 2019. اطلع عليه بتاريخ أغسطس 2020. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ الوصول= (مساعدة)

worldcat.org

Maria J. Stephan and Erica Chenoweth, "Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict", International Security, vol. 33, no. 1 (Summer 2008), p. 42. ISSN 0162-2889 [2]. (See also their 2011 book, Why Civil Resistance Works, listed below in the bibliography.) نسخة محفوظة 30 أكتوبر 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
T. R. Davies, "The failure of strategic nonviolent action in Bahrain, Egypt, Libya and Syria: ‘political ju-jitsu’ in reverse", Global Change, Peace and Security, vol. 26, no. 3 (2014), pp. 299–313. ISSN 1478-1158 دُوِي:10.1080/14781158.2014.924916.
For example, by Stephan، Maria J.؛ Chenoweth، Erica (2008). "Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict". International Security. ج. 33 ع. 1: 7–44. DOI:10.1162/isec.2008.33.1.7. ISSN:0162-2889. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-10-30. And Ackerman، Peter؛ Rodal، Berel (2008). "The Strategic Dimensions of Civil Resistance" (PDF). Survival. London. ج. 50 ع. 3: 111–25. DOI:10.1080/00396330802173131. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-26.