References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Aktiver Galaxienkern" in the German version

arxiv.org

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L. C. Ho, A. V. Filippenko, W. L. W. Sargent: A Search for “Dwarf” Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies. In: Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 112. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, 1997, S. 315–390, doi:10.1086/313041, arxiv:astro-ph/9704107, bibcode:1997ApJS..112..315H.

S. Giacintucci, M. Markevitch, M. Johnston-Hollitt, D. R. Wik, Q. H. S. Wang, T. E. Clarke: Discovery of a Giant Radio Fossil in the Ophiuchus Galaxy Cluster. In: The Astrophysical Journal. 891. Jahrgang, Nr. 1, 27. Februar 2020, ISSN 1538-4357, S. 1, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab6a9d, arxiv:2002.01291, bibcode:2020ApJ...891....1G.

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J. K. Webb u. a.: Search for Time Variation of the Fine Structure Constant. In: Physical Review Letters. 82. Jahrgang, Nr. 5, 1999, S. 884–887, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.884, arxiv:astro-ph/9803165, bibcode:1999PhRvL..82..884W. M. T. Murphy u. a.: Possible evidence for a variable fine-structure constant from QSO absorption lines: motivations, analysis and results. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 327. Jahrgang, Nr. 4, 2001, S. 1208, doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04840.x, arxiv:astro-ph/0012419, bibcode:2001MNRAS.327.1208M. J.K. Webb u. a.: Further Evidence for Cosmological Evolution of the Fine Structure Constant. In: Physical Review Letters. 87. Jahrgang, Nr. 9, 2001, S. 091301, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.091301, PMID 11531558, arxiv:astro-ph/0012539, bibcode:2001PhRvL..87i1301W. M. T. Murphy, J. K. Webb, V. V. Flambaum: Further Evidence for a Variable Fine-Structure Constant from Keck/HIRES QSO Absorption Spectra. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 345. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, 2003, S. 609, doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06970.x, arxiv:astro-ph/0306483, bibcode:2003MNRAS.345..609M. H. Chand u. a.: Probing the Cosmological Variation of the Fine-Structure Constant: Results Based on VLT-UVES Sample. In: Astronomy & Astrophysics. 417. Jahrgang, Nr. 3, 2004, S. 853, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035701, arxiv:astro-ph/0401094, bibcode:2004A&A...417..853C. R. Srianand u. a.: Limits on the Time Variation of the Electromagnetic Fine-Structure Constant in the Low Energy Limit from Absorption Lines in the Spectra of Distant Quasars. In: Physical Review Letters. 92. Jahrgang, Nr. 12, 2004, S. 121302, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.121302, PMID 15089663, arxiv:astro-ph/0402177, bibcode:2004PhRvL..92l1302S. M. T. Murphy, J. K. Webb, V. V. Flambaum: Comment on “Limits on the Time Variation of the Electromagnetic Fine-Structure Constant in the Low Energy Limit from Absorption Lines in the Spectra of Distant Quasars”. In: Physical Review Letters. 99. Jahrgang, Nr. 23, 2007, S. 239001, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.239001, arxiv:0708.3677, bibcode:2007PhRvL..99w9001M. M. T. Murphy, J. K. Webb, V. V. Flambaum: Revision of VLT/UVES Constraints on a Varying Fine-Structure Constant. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 384. Jahrgang, Nr. 3, 2008, S. 1053, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12695.x, arxiv:astro-ph/0612407, bibcode:2008MNRAS.384.1053M.

D. Watson, K. D. Denney, M. Vestergaard, T. M. Davis: A new cosmological distance measure using AGN. 21. September 2011. arxiv:1109.4632.

caltech.edu

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Donald Osterbrock: Emission-line spectra and the nature of active galactic nuclei. In: H.R. Miller, P.J. Wiita (Hrsg.): Active Galactic Nuclei. Springer, 1988, ISBN 978-3-540-19492-7, S. 1–18 (Online-Version auf NED).

D. Tytler, X. M. Fan, S. Burles: Cosmological baryon density derived from the deuterium abundance at redshift z = 3.57. In: Nature. Band 381, 1996, S. 207 (Online-Version auf NED).

doi.org

R. Antonucci: Unified Models for Active Galactic Nuclei and Quasars. In: Annual Reviews in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Band 31, Nr. 1, 1993, S. 473–521, doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.31.090193.002353, bibcode:1993ARA&A..31..473A.

E. W. Bonning u. a.: Accretion Disk Temperatures and Continuum Colors in QSOs. In: Astrophysical Journal. Band 659, 2007, S. 211–217, doi:10.1086/510712, arxiv:astro-ph/0611263.

R. D. Blandford, D. G. Payne: Hydromagnetic flows from accretion discs and the production of radio jets. In: MNRAS. Band 1999, 1982, S. 883–903, doi:10.1093/mnras/199.4.883.

R. A. Laing: The sidedness of jets and depolarization in powerful extragalactic radio sources. In: Nature. 331. Jahrgang, Nr. 6152, 1988, S. 149, doi:10.1038/331149a0, bibcode:1988Natur.331..149L.

S. Garrington, J. P. Leahy, R. G. Conway, R. A. Laing: A systematic asymmetry in the polarization properties of double radio sources. In: Nature. 331. Jahrgang, Nr. 6152, 1988, S. 147, doi:10.1038/331147a0, bibcode:1988Natur.331..147G.

The Pierre Auger Collaboration: Correlation of the Highest-Energy Cosmic Rays with Nearby Extragalactic Objects. In: Science. Band 318, 2007, S. 938–943, doi:10.1126/science.1151124.

Thomas A. Matthews, Allan R. Sandage: Optical Identification of 3c 48, 3c 196, and 3c 286 with Stellar Objects. In: Astrophysical Journal. 138. Jahrgang, 1963, S. 30–56, doi:10.1086/147615, bibcode:1963ApJ...138...30M.

L. C. Ho, A. V. Filippenko, W. L. W. Sargent: A Reevaluation of the Excitation Mechanism of LINERs. In: Astrophysical Journal. 417. Jahrgang, 1993, S. 63–81, doi:10.1086/173291, bibcode:1993ApJ...417...63H.

R. Terlevich, J. Melnick: Warmers – The missing link between Starburst and Seyfert galaxies. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 213. Jahrgang, 1985, S. 841–856, doi:10.1093/mnras/213.4.841, bibcode:1985MNRAS.213..841T.

J. C. Shields: Normal O stars in dense media generate LINERs. In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. 399. Jahrgang, 1992, S. L27–L30, doi:10.1086/186598, bibcode:1992ApJ...399L..27S.

A. H. Andrei u. a.: The large quasar reference frame (LQRF): An optical representation of the ICRS. In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. Band 505, 2009, S. 385–404, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912041, bibcode:2009A&A...505..385A.

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Erstmals F. K. Baganoff u. a.: Rapid X-ray flaring from the direction of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Centre. In: Nature. Band 413, 2001, S. 45–48, bibcode:2001Natur.413...45B.

E. A. Fath: The spectra of some spiral nebulae and globular star clusters. In: Lick Obs. Bull. Band 5, 1909, S. 71, bibcode:1909LicOB...5...71F.

C. Seyfert: Nuclear Emission in Spiral Nebulae. bibcode:1943ApJ....97...28S. Vgl. Abschnitt 2 in Shields 1999.

E. Ya. Khachikyan, D. W. Weedman: A spectroscopic study of luminous galactic nuclei. In: Astrophysics. Band 7, Nr. 3, S. 231–240, bibcode:1971Ap......7..231K.

Maarten Schmidt: 3C 273: A Star-Like Object with Large Red-Shift. In: Nature. Band 197, 1963, S. 1040, bibcode:1963Natur.197.1040S.

S. Wyckoff, T. Gehren, P. A. Wehinger: Resolution of quasar images. In: Astrophysical Journal. Band 247, 1981, S. 750–761, bibcode:1981ApJ...247..750W.

J. B. Hutchings, D. Crampton, B. Campbell: Optical imaging of 78 quasars and host galaxies. In: Astrophysical Journal. Band 280, 1984, bibcode:1984ApJ...280...41H.

R. R. J. Antonucci. J. S. Miller: Spectropolarimetry and the nature of NGC 1068. In: Astrophysical Journal. Band 297, 1985, S. 621–632, bibcode:1985ApJ...297..621A.

Holland C. Ford, Richard J. Harms, Zlatan I. Tsvetanov, George F. Hartig, Linda L. Dressel, Gerard A. Kriss, Ralph C. Bohlin, Arthur F. Davidsen, Bruce Margon, Ajay K. Kochhar: Narrowband HST images of M87: Evidence for a disk of ionized gas around a massive black hole. In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. Band 435, 1994, ISSN 0004-637X, S. L27–L30, bibcode:1994ApJ...435L..27F.

R. D. Blandford, C. F. McKee: Reverberation mapping of the emission line regions of Seyfert galaxies and quasars. In: Astrophysical Journal. Band 255, 1982, S. 419–439, bibcode:1982ApJ...255..419B.

Y. Y. Zhou u. a.: Statistical Properties of the Big Blue Bump in Active Galactic Nuclei. In: Astrophysical Journal. Band 475, 1997, S. L9–L12, bibcode:1997ApJ...475L...9Z.

Francesco Haardt, Laura Maraschini: X-ray spectra from two-phase accretion disks. In: Astrophysical Journal. Band 413, 1993, S. 507–517, bibcode:1993ApJ...413..507H.

Francesco Haardt, Laura Maraschini, Gabriele Ghisellini: A model for the X-ray and ultraviolet emission from Seyfert galaxies and galactic black holes. In: Astrophysical Journal. Band 432, 1994, S. L95–L99, bibcode:1994ApJ...432L..95H.

Y. Tanaka u. a.: Gravitationally redshifted emission implying an accretion disk and massive black hole in the active galaxy MCG-6-30-15. In: Nature. Band 375, 1995, S. 659–661, bibcode:1995Natur.375..659T.

K. Iwasawa, G. Miniutti, A. C. Fabian: Flux and energy modulation of redshifted iron emission in NGC 3516: implications for the black hole mass. In: MNRAS. Band 355, 2004, S. 1073–1079, bibcode:2004MNRAS.355.1073I.

R. D. Blandford, R. L. Znajek: Electromagnetic extraction of energy from Kerr black holes. In: MNRAS. Band 179, 1977, S. 433–456, bibcode:1977MNRAS.179..433B.

R. A. Laing: The sidedness of jets and depolarization in powerful extragalactic radio sources. In: Nature. 331. Jahrgang, Nr. 6152, 1988, S. 149, doi:10.1038/331149a0, bibcode:1988Natur.331..149L.

L. Burtscher u. a.: A diversity of dusty AGN tori. Data release for the VLTI/MIDI AGN Large Program and first results for 23 galaxies. Astronomy & Astrophysics 558, A149 (2013). bibcode:2013A&A...558A.149B

R. D. Blandford, M. J. Rees: A ‘twin-exhaust’ model for double radio sources. Zwillings-Jet-Modell. 1974. bibcode:1974MNRAS.169..395B

B. L. Fanaroff, J. M. Riley: The morphology of extragalactic radio sources of high and low luminosity. bibcode:1974MNRAS.167P..31F

Cuno Hoffmeister: 354 neue Veränderliche. In: Astronomische Nachrichten. Band 236, 1929, S. 242, bibcode:1929AN....236..233H.

John L. Schmitt: BL Lac identified as a Radio Source. In: Nature. Band 218, 1968, S. 663, bibcode:1968Natur.218..663S.

T. M. Heckman: An optical and radio survey of the nuclei of bright galaxies – Activity in normal galactic nuclei. In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. 87. Jahrgang, 1980, S. 152–164, bibcode:1980A&A....87..152H.

G. Kauffmann: The discovery of LINERs and a premonition that black holes are found in every galaxy. Commentary on: Heckman T. M., 1980, A&A, 87, 152. In: Astronomy & Astrophysics. Band 500, 2009, S. 201–202, bibcode:2009A&A...500..201K.

J. C. Shields: Normal O stars in dense media generate LINERs. In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. 399. Jahrgang, 1992, S. L27–L30, doi:10.1086/186598, bibcode:1992ApJ...399L..27S.

Abschnitt 6 in Kormendy, John; Richstone, Douglas: Inward Bound – The Search For Supermassive Black Holes In Galactic Nuclei. In: Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. Band 33, 1995, S. 581–624, bibcode:1995ARA&A..33..581K.

John Magorrian u. a.: The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centers. In: Astronomical Journal. Band 115, 1998, S. 2285–2305, bibcode:1998AJ....115.2285M.

Laura Ferrarese, David Merritt: A Fundamental Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies. In: Astrophysical Journal. Band 539, 2000, S. L9–L12, bibcode:2000ApJ...539L...9F. vs. Karl Gebhardt u. a.: A Relationship between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion. In: Astrophysical Journal. Band 539, 2000, S. L13–L16, bibcode:2000ApJ...539L..13G.

Roger Lynds: The Absorption-Line Spectrum of 4C 05.34. In: Astrophysical Journal. Band 164, 1971, S. L73–L78, bibcode:1971ApJ...164L..73L.

Neil H. M. Crighton, Joseph F. Hennawi, J. Xavier Prochaska: Metal-poor, Cool Gas in the Circumgalactic Medium of a z = 2.4 Star-forming Galaxy: Direct Evidence for Cold Accretion? In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. Band 776, 2013, S. L18, bibcode:2013ApJ...776L..18C.

Sebastiano Cantalupo, Fabrizio Arrigoni-Battaia, J. Xavier Prochaska, Joseph F. Hennawi, Piero Madau: A cosmic web filament revealed in Lyman-alpha emission around a luminous high-redshift quasar. In: Nature. Band 506, 2014, S. 63–66, bibcode:2014Natur.506...63C.

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Aktive galaktische Kerne helfen Entfernungen zu bestimmen. In: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. November 2011. Spektrum der Wissenschaft Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Heidelberg. ISSN 0170-2971.

Aktiver Galaxienkern (German Wikipedia)

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