References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Californium" in the German version

caltech.edu

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G. R. Burbidge, F. Hoyle (Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories, Carnegie Institution of Washington, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California); E. M. Burbidge, Robert F. Christy, W. A. Fowler (Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California): Californium-254 and Supernovae, in: Physical Review, 1956, 103 (5), S. 1145–1149 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.103.1145; PDF).

doi.org

Die Werte der atomaren und physikalischen Eigenschaften (Infobox) sind, wenn nicht anders angegeben, entnommen aus: Richard G. Haire: Californium (Memento vom 17. Juli 2010 im Internet Archive), in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger (Hrsg.): The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, Springer, Dordrecht 2006; ISBN 1-4020-3555-1, S. 1499–1576 (doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_11).

Eintrag zu californium in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. und NIST ASD Team (2019): NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1). Hrsg.: NIST, Gaithersburg, MD. doi:10.18434/T4W30F (physics.nist.gov/asd). Abgerufen am 13. Juni 2020.

G. Audi, O. Bersillon, J. Blachot, A.H. Wapstra: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. In: Nuclear Physics A. 2003. Jahrgang, Nr. 729, S. 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 (in2p3.fr [PDF]).

S. G. Thompson, K. Street, Jr., A. Ghiorso, G. T. Seaborg: Element 98, in: Physical Review, 1950, 78 (3), S. 298–299 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.78.298.2; Maschinoskript (27. Februar 1950)).

S. G. Thompson, K. Street, Jr., A. Ghiorso, G. T. Seaborg: The New Element Californium (Atomic Number 98), in: Physical Review, 1950, 80 (5), S. 790–796 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.80.790; Abstract; Maschinoskript (19. Juni 1950)) (PDF; 1,4 MB).

K. Street, Jr., S. G. Thompson, G. T. Seaborg: Chemical Properties of Californium, in: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1950, 72 (10), S. 4832–4835 (doi:10.1021/ja01166a528; Druck der United States Atomic Energy Commission (12. Juni 1950) (Memento vom 15. Mai 2016)).

Alfred Chetham-Strode, Jr., Gregory R. Choppin, Bernard G. Harvey: Mass Assignment of the 44-Minute Californium-245 and the New Isotope Californium-244, in: Physical Review, 1956, 102 (3), S. 747–748 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.102.747).

Donald A. Hicks, John Ise, Jr., Robert V. Pyle: Multiplicity of Neutrons from the Spontaneous Fission of Californium-252, in: Physical Review, 1955, 97 (2), S. 564–565 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.97.564).

Donald A. Hicks, John Ise, Jr., Robert V. Pyle: Spontaneous-Fission Neutrons of Californium-252 and Curium-244, in: Physical Review, 1955, 98 (5), S. 1521–1523 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.98.1521).

Elis Hjalmar, Hilding Slätis, Stanley G. Thompson: Energy Spectrum of Neutrons from Spontaneous Fission of Californium-252, in: Physical Review, 1955, 100 (5), S. 1542–1543 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.100.1542).

V. V. Golushko, K. D. Zhuravlev, Yu. S. Zamyatnin, N. I. Kroshkin, V. N. Nefedov: The average number of neutrons emitted in the spontaneous fission of Cm²⁴⁴, Cm²⁴⁶, and Cm²⁴⁸, in: Atomnaya Énergiya, 1973, 34 (2), S. 135–136 (doi:10.1007/BF01163947).

P. R. Fields, M. H. Studier, H. Diamond, J. F. Mech, M. G. Inghram, G. L. Pyle, C. M. Stevens, S. Fried, W. M. Manning (Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois); A. Ghiorso, S. G. Thompson, G. H. Higgins, G. T. Seaborg (University of California, Berkeley, California): Transplutonium Elements in Thermonuclear Test Debris, in: Physical Review, 1956, 102 (1), S. 180–182 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.102.180).

J. R. Huizenga, H. Diamond: Spontaneous-Fission Half-Lives of Cf²⁵⁴ and Cm²⁵⁰, in: Physical Review, 1957, 107 (4), S. 1087–1090 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.107.1087).

W. Baade, G. R. Burbidge, F. Hoyle, E. M. Burbidge, Robert F. Christy, W. A. Fowler: Supernovae and Californium 254, in: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 1956, 68, Nr. 403, S. 296–300 (doi:10.1086/126941; bibcode:1956PASP...68..296B).

St. Temesváry: Das Element Californium-254 und die Lichtkurven der Supernovae von Typ I. Ein Beitrag zur Frage der Synthese schwerer Elemente im Kosmos, in: Die Naturwissenschaften, 1957, 44 (11), S. 321–323 (doi:10.1007/BF00630928).

Edward Anders: Californium-254, Iron-59, and Supernovae of Type I, in: The Astrophysical Journal, 1959, 129, S. 327–346 (doi:10.1086/146624; bibcode:1959ApJ...129..327A).

S. G. Thompson, A. Ghiorso, B. G. Harvey, G. R. Choppin: Transcurium Isotopes Produced in the Neutron Irradiation of Plutonium, in: Physical Review, 1954, 93 (4), S. 908–908 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.908).

H. Diamond, L. B. Magnusson, J. F. Mech, C. M. Stevens, A. M. Friedman, M. H. Studier, P. R. Fields, J. R. Huizenga: Identification of Californium Isotopes 249, 250, 251, and 252 from Pile-Irradiated Plutonium, in: Physical Review, 1954, 94 (4), S. 1083–1084 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.94.1083).

L. B. Magnusson, M. H. Studier, P. R. Fields, C. M. Stevens, J. F. Mech, A. M. Friedman, H. Diamond, J. R. Huizenga: Berkelium and Californium Isotopes Produced in Neutron Irradiation of Plutonium, in: Physical Review, 1954, 96 (6), S. 1576–1582 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.96.1576).

T. A. Eastwood, J. P. Butler, M. J. Cabell, H. G. Jackson (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada); R. P. Schuman, F. M. Rourke, T. L. Collins (Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, Schenectady, New York): Isotopes of Berkelium and Californium Produced by Neutron Irradiation of Plutonium, in: Physical Review, 1957, 107 (6), S. 1635–1638 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.107.1635).

A. Ghiorso, S. G. Thompson, K. Street, Jr., G. T. Seaborg: Californium Isotopes from Bombardment of Uranium with Carbon Ions, in: Physical Review, 1951, 81 (1), S. 154–154 (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.81.154; Abstract; Maschinoskript (6. September 1950)).

R. J. Silva, R. L. Hahn, K. S. Toth, M. L. Mallory, C. E. Bemis, Jr., P. F. Dittner, O. L. Keller: New Isotopes ²⁴¹Cf and ²⁴⁰Cf, in: Physical Review C, 1970, 2 (5), S. 1948–1951 (doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.2.1948).

R. G. Haire, R. D. Baybarz: Crystal Structure and Melting Point of Californium Metal, in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1974, 36 (6), S. 1295–1302 (doi:10.1016/0022-1902(74)80067-9).

W. H. Zachariasen: On Californium Metal, in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1975, 37 (6), S. 1441–1442 (doi:10.1016/0022-1902(75)80787-1).

J. R. Peterson, U. Benedict, C. Dufour, I. Birkel, R. G. Haire: X-ray Diffraction Study of Californium Metal to 16 GPa, in: Journal of the Less Common Metals, 1983, 93 (2), S. 353–356 (doi:10.1016/0022-5088(83)90181-9).

J. Fuger, R. G. Haire, J. R. Peterson: The Enthalpy of Solution of Californium Metal and the Standard Enthalpy of Formation of Cf³⁺(aq), in: Journal of the Less Common Metals, 1984, 98 (2), S. 315–321 (doi:10.1016/0022-5088(84)90305-9).

B. F. Myasoedov, I. A. Lebedev, P. L. Khizhnyak, G. A. Timofeev, V. Ya. Frenkel: Electrochemical Oxidation of Americium and Californium in Carbonate Solutions, in: Journal of the Less Common Metals, 1986, 122, S. 189–193 (doi:10.1016/0022-5088(86)90408-X).

V. Ya. Frenkel, Yu. M. Kulyako, V. M. Chistyakov, I. A. Lebedev, B. F. Myasoedov, G. A. Timofeev, E. A. Erin: Electrochemical Oxidation of Californium in Carbonate Solutions, in: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 1986, 104 (4), S. 191–199 (doi:10.1007/BF02165322).

M. B. Chadwick, P. Oblozinsky, M. Herman, N. M. Greene, R. D. McKnight, D. L. Smith, P. G. Young, R. E. MacFarlane, G. M. Hale, S. C. Frankle, A. C. Kahler, T. Kawano, R. C. Little, D. G. Madland, P. Moller, R. D. Mosteller, P. R. Page, P. Talou, H. Trellue, M. C. White, W. B. Wilson, R. Arcilla, C. L. Dunford, S. F. Mughabghab, B. Pritychenko, D. Rochman, A. A. Sonzogni, C. R. Lubitz, T. H. Trumbull, J. P. Weinman, D. A. Brown, D. E. Cullen, D. P. Heinrichs, D. P. McNabb, H. Derrien, M. E. Dunn, N. M. Larson, L. C. Leal, A. D. Carlson, R. C. Block, J. B. Briggs, E. T. Cheng, H. C. Huria, M. L. Zerkle, K. S. Kozier, A. Courcelle, V. Pronyaev, S. C. van der Marck: ENDF/B-VII.0: Next Generation Evaluated Nuclear Data Library for Nuclear Science and Technology, in: Nuclear Data Sheets, 2006, 107 (12), S. 2931–3060 (doi:10.1016/j.nds.2006.11.001).

A. J. Koning et al.: The JEFF evaluated data project, Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Nice 2007 (doi:10.1051/ndata:07476).

Yu. Ts. Oganessian, V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, R. N. Sagaidak, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, A. A. Voinov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russian Federation); K. J. Moody, J. B. Patin, D. A. Shaughnessy, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, P. A. Wilk, J. M. Kenneally, J. H. Landrum, J. F. Wild, R. W. Lougheed (University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA): Synthesis of the isotopes of elements 118 and 116 in the ²⁴⁹Cf and ²⁴⁵Cm+⁴⁸Ca fusion reactions, in: Physical Review C, 2006, 74, S. 044602–044610 (doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044602).

R. D. Baybarz, R. G. Haire, J. A. Fahey: On the Californium Oxide System, in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1972, 34 (2), S. 557–565 (doi:10.1016/0022-1902(72)80435-4).

J. C. Copeland, B. B. Cunningham: Crystallography of the Compounds of Californium. II. Crystal Structure and Lattice Parameters of Californium Oxychloride and Californium Sesquioxide, in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1969, 31 (3), S. 733–740 (doi:10.1016/0022-1902(69)80020-5).

J. R. Peterson, John H. Burns: Preparation and Crystal Structure of Californium Oxyfluoride, CfOF, in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1968, 30 (11), S. 2955–2958 (doi:10.1016/0022-1902(68)80155-1).

J. R. Peterson, R. D. Baybarz: The Stabilization of Divalent Californium in the Solid State: Californium Dibromide, in: Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1972, 8 (4), S. 423–431 (doi:10.1016/0020-1650(72)80025-4).

J. N. Stevenson, J. R. Peterson: The Trigonal and Orthorhombic Crystal Structures of CfF₃ and their Temperature Relationship, in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1973, 35 (10), S. 3481–3486 (doi:10.1016/0022-1902(73)80356-2).

C-T. P. Chang, R. G. Haire, S. E. Nave: Magnetic Susceptibility of Californium Fluorides, in: Physical Review B, 1990, 41 (13), S. 9045–9048 (doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.41.9045).

J. H. Burns, J. R. Peterson, R. D. Baybarz: Hexagonal and Orthorhombic Crystal Structures of Californium Trichloride, in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1973, 35 (4), S. 1171–1177 (doi:10.1016/0022-1902(73)80189-7).

J. P. Young, K. L. Vander Sluis, G. K. Werner, J. R. Peterson, M. Noé: High Temperature Spectroscopic and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Californium Tribromide: Proof of Thermal Reduction to Californium (II), in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1975, 37 (12), S. 2497–2501 (doi:10.1016/0022-1902(75)80878-5).

J. F. Wild, E. K. Hulet, R. W. Lougheed, W. N. Hayes, J. R. Peterson, R. L. Fellows, J. P. Young: Studies of Californium (II) and (III) Iodides, in: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1978, 40 (5), S. 811–817 (doi:10.1016/0022-1902(78)80157-2).

D. Damien, R. G. Haire, J. R. Peterson: Californium-249 Monoarsenide and Monoantimonide, in: Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1980, 16 (9–12), S. 537–541 (doi:10.1016/0020-1650(80)80006-7).

S. E. Nave, J. R. Moore, R. G. Haire, J. R. Peterson, D. A. Damien, Paul G. Huray: Magnetic Susceptibility of CfN, CfAs and CfSb, in: Journal of the Less Common Metals, 1986, 121, S. 319–324 (doi:10.1016/0022-5088(86)90548-5).

Peter G. Laubereau, John H. Burns: Microchemical Preparation of Tricyclopentadienyl Compounds of Berkelium, Californium, and some Lanthanide Elements, in: Inorg. Chem., 1970, 9 (5), S. 1091–1095 (doi:10.1021/ic50087a018).

google.com

Patent US7118524: Dosimetry for Californium-252 (²⁵²Cf) Neutron-emitting Brachytherapy Sources and Encapsulation, Storage, and Clinical Delivery thereof. Angemeldet am 22. April 2003, veröffentlicht am 10. Oktober 2006, Anmelder: New England Medical Center Hospitals, Erfinder: Mark J. Rivard.‌

Patent US3627691: A method of preparing a Californium-252 neutron. Angemeldet am 8. Januar 1970, veröffentlicht am 14. Dezember 1971, Anmelder: Atomic Energy Commission, Erfinder: Alexander R. Boulogne, Jean P. Faraci.‌

osti.gov

M. Noé, J. R. Peterson: Preparation and Study of Elemental Californium-249, in: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on the Transplutonium Elements, Baden-Baden, 13.–17. September 1975, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam 1975.

R. C. Martin, J. B. Knauer, P. A. Balo: Production, Distribution, and Applications of Californium-252 Neutron Sources, 1999 (PDF).

J. F. Wild, E. K. Hulet, R. W. Lougheed, W. N. Hayes: Preparation of Californium Diiodide, Symposium Commemorating the 25th Anniversary of the Discovery of Elements 97 and 98; 20. Januar 1975; Berkeley, USA.

web.archive.org

Informationen zum Element Californium bei www.speclab.com (Memento vom 20. Oktober 2007 im Internet Archive) (engl.); Zugriff: 22. September 2008.

Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire: Evaluation of nuclear criticality safety data and limits for actinides in transport, S. 16 (PDF (Memento vom 18. November 2014 im Internet Archive)).

R. C. Martin, J. H. Miller: Applications of Californium-252 Neutron Sources in Medicine, Research, and Industry, 2002(?) (PDF (Memento vom 14. September 2012 im Internet Archive)).

webelements.com

Eintrag zu californium bei WebElements, www.webelements.com, abgerufen am 13. Juni 2020.

V. M. Radchenko, A. G. Seleznev, R. R. Droznik, L. S. Lebedeva, M. A. Ryabinin, V. D. Shushakov, V. Ya. Vasil'ev & V. T. Ermishev, Soviet Radiochemistry (Engl. Transl.), 1986, 28, S. 401; (Kristallstruktur bei WebElements).

Californium (German Wikipedia)

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