D. Pauly: Catch reconstructions reveal that global marine fisheries catches are higher than reported and declining. In: Nature Communications. 7. Jahrgang, 2016, 10244, doi:10.1038/ncomms10244 (englisch): “Fisheries data assembled by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) suggest that global marine fisheries catches increased to 86 million tonnes in 1996, then slightly declined. Here, using a decade-long multinational ‘catch reconstruction’ project covering the Exclusive Economic Zones of the world’s maritime countries and the High Seas from 1950 to 2010, and accounting for all fisheries, we identify catch trajectories differing considerably from the national data submitted to the FAO. We suggest that catch actually peaked at 130 million tonnes, and has been declining much more strongly since. This decline in reconstructed catches reflects declines in industrial catches and to a smaller extent declining discards, despite industrial fishing having expanded from industrialized countries to the waters of developing countries. The differing trajectories documented here suggest a need for improved monitoring of all fisheries, including often neglected small-scale fisheries, and illegal and other problematic fisheries, as well as discarded bycatch.”
Elliott A. Norse: Sustainability of deep-sea fisheries. In: Marine Policy. 36. Jahrgang, Nr.2, 2012, S.307–320, doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2011.06.008 (englisch, sciencedirect.com): “As coastal fisheries around the world have collapsed, industrial fishing has spread seaward and deeper in pursuit of the last economically attractive concentrations of fishable biomass. For a seafood-hungry world depending on the oceans' ecosystem services, it is crucial to know whether deep-sea fisheries can be sustainable. The deep sea is by far the largest but least productive part of the oceans, although in very limited places fish biomass can be very high. Most deep-sea fishes have life histories giving them far less population resilience/productivity than shallow-water fishes, and could be fished sustainably only at very low catch rates if population resilience were the sole consideration. But like old-growth trees and great whales, their biomass makes them tempting targets while their low productivity creates strong economic incentive to liquidate their populations rather than exploiting them sustainably (Clark's Law). Many deep-sea fisheries use bottom trawls, which often have high impacts on nontarget fishes (e.g., sharks) and invertebrates (e.g., corals), and can often proceed only because they receive massive government subsidies. The combination of very low target population productivity, nonselective fishing gear, economics that favor population liquidation and a very weak regulatory regime makes deep-sea fisheries unsustainable with very few exceptions. Rather, deep-sea fisheries more closely resemble mining operations that serially eliminate fishable populations and move on. Instead of mining fish from the least-suitable places on Earth, an ecologically and economically preferable strategy would be rebuilding and sustainably fishing resilient populations in the most suitable places, namely shallower and more productive marine ecosystems that are closer to markets.”
Eric J Brunner: Fish, human health and marine ecosystem health: policies in collision. In: International Journal of Epidemiology. 38. Jahrgang, Nr.1, 2008, S.93–100, doi:10.1093/ije/dyn157 (englisch): “Marine ecologists predict on current trends that fish stocks are set to collapse in 40 years, and propose increased restrictions on fishing, including no-take zones, in order to restore marine ecosystem health. Differences in fish consumption probably contribute to within-country and international health inequalities.”
Kelly L. Smalling et al.: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications. In: Environment International. 178. Jahrgang, 2023, S.108033, doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.108033 (englisch, sciencedirect.com [PDF; abgerufen am 13. April 2024]): “Drinking-water quality is a rising concern in the United States (US), emphasizing the need to broadly assess exposures and potential health effects at the point-of-use. Drinking-water exposures to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a national concern, however, there is limited information on PFAS in residential tapwater at the point-of-use, especially from private-wells. We conducted a national reconnaissance to compare human PFAS exposures in unregulated private-well and regulated public-supply tapwater. Tapwater from 716 locations (269 private-wells; 447 public supply) across the US was collected during 2016â2021 including three locations where temporal sampling was conducted. Concentrations of PFAS were assessed by three laboratories and compared with land-use and potential-source metrics to explore drivers of contamination. The number of individual PFAS observed ranged from 1 to 9 (median: 2) with corresponding cumulative concentrations (sum of detected PFAS) ranging from 0.348 to 346 ng/L. Seventeen PFAS were observed at least once with PFBS, PFHxS and PFOA observed most frequently in approximately 15% of the samples. Across the US, PFAS profiles and estimated median cumulative concentrations were similar among private wells and public-supply tapwater. We estimate that at least one PFAS could be detected in about 45% of US drinking-water samples. These detection probabilities varied spatially with limited temporal variation in concentrations/numbers of PFAS detected. Benchmark screening approaches indicated potential human exposure risk was dominated by PFOA and PFOS, when detected. Potential source and land-use information was related to cumulative PFAS concentrations, and the number of PFAS detected; however, corresponding relations with specific PFAS were limited likely due to low detection frequencies and higher detection limits. Information generated supports the need for further assessments of cumulative health risks of PFAS as a class and in combination with other co-occurring contaminants, particularly in unmonitored private-wells where information is limited or not available.”
Sudarshan Kurwadkar: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution. In: Science of The Total Environment. 809. Jahrgang, 2022, S.151003, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151003 (englisch, sciencedirect.com): “Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of fluorinated organic compounds of anthropogenic origin. Due to their unique chemical properties, widespread production, environmental distribution, long-term persistence, bioaccumulative potential, and associated risks for human health, PFAS have been classified as persistent organic pollutants of significant concern. Scientific evidence from the last several decades suggests that their widespread occurrence in the environment correlates with adverse effects on human health and ecology. The presence of PFAS in the aquatic environment demonstrates a close link between the anthroposphere and the hydrological cycle, and concentrations of PFAS in surface and groundwater range in value along the ng L−1–μg L−1 scale. Here, we critically reviewed the research published in the last decade on the global occurrence and distribution of PFAS in the aquatic environment. Ours is the first paper to critically evaluate the occurrence of PFAS at the continental scale and the evolving global regulatory responses to manage and mitigate the adverse human health risks posed by PFAS. The review reports that PFAS are widespread despite being phased out—they have been detected in different continents irrespective of the level of industrial development. Their occurrence far from the potential sources suggests that long-range atmospheric transport is an important pathway of PFAS distribution. Recently, several studies have investigated the health impacts of PFAS exposure—they have been detected in biota, drinking water, food, air, and human serum. In response to the emerging information about PFAS toxicity, several countries have provided administrative guidelines for PFAS in water, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, Germany, and Australia. In the US, additional regulatory measures are under consideration. Further, many PFAS have now been listed as persistent organic pollutants. This comprehensive review provides crucial baseline information on the global occurrence, distribution, and regulatory framework of PFAS.”
Michael Janofsky: DuPont to Pay $16.5 Million for Unreported Risks. In: https://www.nytimes.com. New York Times, 5. Dezember 2005, archiviert vom Original am 27. September 2023; abgerufen am 13. April 2024 (englisch): „The Environmental Protection Agency said Wednesday that it had reached a $16.5 million settlement with DuPont, which it had accused of failing to report information about the health and environmental risks of a substance used in making Teflon and other plastics. The settlement includes $10.25 million in fines, which the agency says is the largest administrative penalty it has ever imposed, and a commitment by DuPont to spend another $6.25 million for two environmental projects in lieu of more fines. "This settlement sends a strong message that companies are responsible for promptly informing E.P.A. about risk information associated with their products," said Granta Y. Nakayama, assistant administrator for the agency's Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance. The agency said DuPont had withheld information about perfluorooctanoic acid, a chemical known as PFOA that is used in processing high-performance plastics, from residents near the company's plant in Parkersburg, W.Va., where the chemical contaminated local waters. The agency said the company had information on the chemical's potential risk as early as 1981 but did not report it, as required by the federal Toxic Substances Control Act.“
Nathaniel Rich: The Lawyer Who Became DuPont’s Worst Nightmare. In: The New York Times. 6. Januar 2016, ISSN0362-4331 (nytimes.com [abgerufen am 13. Oktober 2019]).
William Glaberson: Behind Du Pont's Shift On Loss of Ozone Layer. In: The New York Times. 26. März 1988, archiviert vom Original am 4. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 13. April 2024 (englisch): „On March 4, Richard E. Heckert, chairman of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, wrote the kind of combative letter Du Pont executives have been writing for years. Answering three Senators who had sharply criticized the company, he said there was no reason for Du Pont to stop making chlorofluorocarbons, the useful compound that critics say destroys the earth's protective layer of ozone. Two days ago, just 20 days after he had dismissed the concerns of the latest critics, Mr. Heckert announced a dramatic turnaround. Du Pont, he said, would get out of the chlorofluorocarbon business entirely. After years of criticizing the company for dragging its heels, many politicians and environmentalists hailed the decision. Du Pont executives promptly began to call for new worldwide controls on the substance, of which they are the world's leading producer, with about 25 percent of the market. Taking Science into Account“
Alex Formuzis: DuPont Made Billions Polluting Tap Water With PFAS; Will Now Make More Cleaning It Up. In: Environmental Working Group. 12. Dezember 2019, archiviert vom Original am 7. November 2023; abgerufen am 13. April 2024: „DuPont announced on Wednesday it will purchase Desalitech Ltd., a manufacturer of closed-circuit reverse osmosis technology. Reverse osmosis is one of the most expensive water filter technologies on the market, but it can remove many fluorinated chemicals, known as PFAS, that have contaminated drinking water for an estimated 110 million Americans and are in the blood of virtually everyone, including newborns. Since the 1940s, DuPont made and used PFAS chemicals to make highly profitable consumer products, including Teflon, which at one point earned $1 billion a year for the chemical giant. Communities whose water is contaminated with the Teflon chemical, or other PFAS compounds from other companies, face huge costs for installing filters to remove the chemicals, which have been linked to cancer, thyroid disease, reproductive and immune system problems and many other serious health harms.“
Emily Dao: DuPont, Formerly The Largest Chemical Company, Announces Nine New Sustainability Goals. In: The Rising – The Most Important Sustainability Stories. 30. Oktober 2019, archiviert vom Original am 4. November 2019; abgerufen am 4. November 2019 (amerikanisches Englisch): „Align 100 percent of the company’s innovation portfolio to meaningfully advance the UN SDGs and create value for our customers
Integrate circular economy principles into DuPont’s business models considering lifecycle impacts in the markets it serves. Design 100 percent of its products and processes using sustainability criteria including the principles of green chemistry. Reduce greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions by 30 percent including sourcing 60 percent of electricity from renewable energy, and deliver carbon neutral operations by 2050. Implement water strategies across all facilities at the company’s sites, prioritizing manufacturing plants and communities in high-risk watershed, and enable millions of people access to clean water through leadership in advancing water technology and enacting strategic partnerships
Further DuPont’s commitment to zero injuries, occupational illnesses, incidents, waste and emissions
Become one of the world’s most inclusive companies, with diversity well ahead of industry benchmarks
Create a workplace where employees report high levels of well-being and fulfillment
Improve over 100 million lives through targeted social impact program“
DuPont Tops BusinessWeek Ranking of Green Companies. In: GreenBiz News. 6. Dezember 2005 (englisch, greenbiz.com (Memento des Originals vom 27. April 2006 im Internet Archive)): “Topping the list of BusinessWeek's ranking of "The Top Green Companies" is an experienced hand at making the most out of changing regulations, DuPont. Back in the mid-1980s, DuPont created a profitable business selling substitutes for chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants that were destroying the earth's protective ozone layer. Tackling climate change "was a natural extension of this experience," explained environmental manager Mack McFarland. DuPont has reduced energy consumption 7% below 1990 levels, saving more than $2 billion-including at least $10 million per year by using renewable resources”
Green Leaders Show The Way (Memento des Originals vom 7. April 2024 im Internet Archive), Bloomberg, 11. Dezember 2005. Abgerufen am 7. April 2024 (englisch). „But at long last, some companies have discovered that reducing greenhouse gas emissions can make monetary sense, too. BusinessWeek, working with the Climate Group, Innovest Strategic Value Advisors, and independent experts, identified the companies that are the best-practice leaders in cutting their gas emissions. The list is led by DuPont (DD ), followed by BP (BP ), Bayer (BAY ), BT (BT ), and Alcoa (AA ). DuPont, for example, has reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by more than 65% from the 1990 levels while using 7% less energy and producing 30% more product. The company's cost savings: more than $2 billion.“
Michael Janofsky: DuPont to Pay $16.5 Million for Unreported Risks. In: https://www.nytimes.com. New York Times, 5. Dezember 2005, archiviert vom Original am 27. September 2023; abgerufen am 13. April 2024 (englisch): „The Environmental Protection Agency said Wednesday that it had reached a $16.5 million settlement with DuPont, which it had accused of failing to report information about the health and environmental risks of a substance used in making Teflon and other plastics. The settlement includes $10.25 million in fines, which the agency says is the largest administrative penalty it has ever imposed, and a commitment by DuPont to spend another $6.25 million for two environmental projects in lieu of more fines. "This settlement sends a strong message that companies are responsible for promptly informing E.P.A. about risk information associated with their products," said Granta Y. Nakayama, assistant administrator for the agency's Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance. The agency said DuPont had withheld information about perfluorooctanoic acid, a chemical known as PFOA that is used in processing high-performance plastics, from residents near the company's plant in Parkersburg, W.Va., where the chemical contaminated local waters. The agency said the company had information on the chemical's potential risk as early as 1981 but did not report it, as required by the federal Toxic Substances Control Act.“
An Update On The DuPont Chemical Federal Lawsuit Filed By Local Attorney Robert Bilott (Memento des Originals vom 19. Januar 2024 im Internet Archive), Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. Abgerufen am 7. April 2024 (englisch). „Local attorney Robert Bilott, whose story has made national headlines, took on a high-profile case against the DuPont chemical company. He filed a federal suit against DuPont in 1999, in West Virginia. He exposed that DuPont had operated above the Environmental Protection Agency for decades, intentionally hiding the dangers of Teflon and the chemical PFOA (C8), to which people have been exposed.“
Lise Olsen: DuPont's safety record has slipped in recent years. In: Houston Chronicle. 7. Dezember 2014, archiviert vom Original am 3. März 2024; abgerufen am 7. April 2024: „But there are signs of cracks in that lauded corporate culture - including 34 accidents involving toxic releases and at least eight fatalities at DuPont plants nationwide since 2007, public records reviewed by the Houston Chronicle show.“
Bilott Involved in $4B Settlement Agreement with Chemical Giants on PFAS Liabilities. In: Taft Law. 17. August 2015, archiviert vom Original am 28. Februar 2023; abgerufen am 7. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch): „In addition, DuPont, Corteva, and Chemours jointly committed $4 billion to cover liabilities for their past use of PFOA and other per-and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) commonly now known as “forever chemicals.” The arrangement is an update to previous agreements crafted to handle how the companies would allocate liability related to PFAS claims after what used to be known as E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. recently split into the trio of publicly traded companies.“
The Case Against DuPont. Part 2: The Teflon Toxin. In: The Intercept. 17. August 2015, archiviert vom Original am 20. Dezember 2023; abgerufen am 7. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch): „Bilott learned that the company had been quietly monitoring public drinking water outside its plant and, since 1984, had been documenting C8’s presence at potentially dangerous levels. As far back as 1991, DuPont had estimated the C8 in a stream from which cattle drank at 100 parts per billion — which was 100 times greater than an internal safety limit the company had set for drinking water.“
DuPont 'Acted With Malice,' Says Jury in Cancer Lawsuit. In: Medscape. 2. August 2016, archiviert vom Original am 27. März 2024; abgerufen am 27. März 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch): „The culprit at hand is perfluorooctanoic acid, also known as PFOA or C8, which is the chemical used to manufacture Teflon and other products. The byproducts of C8 were dumped into the Ohio River near the DuPont plant at Parkersburg, West Virginia, contaminating the drinking water that served two districts in West Virginia and four in Ohio. In the latest lawsuit, held in early July 2016, the jury said that DuPont had "acted with malice." The jury awarded the plaintiff $5.1 million in compensatory damages and an additional $500,000 in punitive damages. The plaintiff was David Freeman, a 56-year-old man from Washington County, Ohio, who developed testicular cancer that he blames on drinking the tainted water, and the jury apparently agreed.“
Alejandro de la Garza: Dark Waters Tells the True Story of the Lawyer Who Took DuPont to Court and Won. But Rob Bilott’s Fight Is Far From Over. In: https://time.com/.Time, 25. November 2019, archiviert vom Original am 9. April 2024; abgerufen am 13. April 2024 (englisch): „He works, at first, on Tennant’s behalf, then pursues a class action suit representing around 70,000 people living near a chemical plant that allegedly contaminated drinking water with PFOA, a toxic chemical used in the production of Teflon. In recent years, studies have correlated long-term exposure to PFOA with a number of illnesses, including some types of cancer. [...] In 2017, Bilott won a $671 million settlement on behalf of more than 3,500 plaintiffs.“
‘Forever Chemical’ Lawsuits Could Ultimately Eclipse the Big Tobacco Settlement. In: Time. 12. Juli 2023, archiviert vom Original am 31. Januar 2024; abgerufen am 7. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch): „In early June, DuPont, Chemours, and Corteva got out from under a little bit of the civil litigation brought against them, reaching a $1.185 billion settlement with 300 local water systems that had sued the companies for the costs of cleaning and filtering their wells and aquifers. Three weeks later, 3M reached a much larger $10.3 billion settlement with 300 different water providers. Most, but not all, of the plaintiffs in both settlements are part of what is known as multidistrict litigation (MDL), in which suits alleging similar damages and identical defendants are consolidated for trial before a single judge in a single court. The 600 settled cases represent only a tiny share of the 15,000 claims in the MDL, being heard in the courtroom of Judge Richard Gergel, in the United States District Court for South Carolina.“
DuPont de Nemours Settlement. In: Violation Tracker. Good Jobs First, 8. Februar 2024, archiviert vom Original am 7. April 2024; abgerufen am 7. April 2024 (englisch): „DuPont and its spinoff companies together agreed to pay $1.185 billion to settle litigation over the contamination to public water systems they allegedly caused through the production of PFAS forever chemicals used in firefighting foam. A DuPont SEC filing revealed its share was $400 million.“
rightlivelihoodaward.org
Robert Bilott. In: The Right Livelihood Award. Abgerufen am 13. Oktober 2019.
sciencedirect.com
Elliott A. Norse: Sustainability of deep-sea fisheries. In: Marine Policy. 36. Jahrgang, Nr.2, 2012, S.307–320, doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2011.06.008 (englisch, sciencedirect.com): “As coastal fisheries around the world have collapsed, industrial fishing has spread seaward and deeper in pursuit of the last economically attractive concentrations of fishable biomass. For a seafood-hungry world depending on the oceans' ecosystem services, it is crucial to know whether deep-sea fisheries can be sustainable. The deep sea is by far the largest but least productive part of the oceans, although in very limited places fish biomass can be very high. Most deep-sea fishes have life histories giving them far less population resilience/productivity than shallow-water fishes, and could be fished sustainably only at very low catch rates if population resilience were the sole consideration. But like old-growth trees and great whales, their biomass makes them tempting targets while their low productivity creates strong economic incentive to liquidate their populations rather than exploiting them sustainably (Clark's Law). Many deep-sea fisheries use bottom trawls, which often have high impacts on nontarget fishes (e.g., sharks) and invertebrates (e.g., corals), and can often proceed only because they receive massive government subsidies. The combination of very low target population productivity, nonselective fishing gear, economics that favor population liquidation and a very weak regulatory regime makes deep-sea fisheries unsustainable with very few exceptions. Rather, deep-sea fisheries more closely resemble mining operations that serially eliminate fishable populations and move on. Instead of mining fish from the least-suitable places on Earth, an ecologically and economically preferable strategy would be rebuilding and sustainably fishing resilient populations in the most suitable places, namely shallower and more productive marine ecosystems that are closer to markets.”
Kelly L. Smalling et al.: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications. In: Environment International. 178. Jahrgang, 2023, S.108033, doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.108033 (englisch, sciencedirect.com [PDF; abgerufen am 13. April 2024]): “Drinking-water quality is a rising concern in the United States (US), emphasizing the need to broadly assess exposures and potential health effects at the point-of-use. Drinking-water exposures to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a national concern, however, there is limited information on PFAS in residential tapwater at the point-of-use, especially from private-wells. We conducted a national reconnaissance to compare human PFAS exposures in unregulated private-well and regulated public-supply tapwater. Tapwater from 716 locations (269 private-wells; 447 public supply) across the US was collected during 2016â2021 including three locations where temporal sampling was conducted. Concentrations of PFAS were assessed by three laboratories and compared with land-use and potential-source metrics to explore drivers of contamination. The number of individual PFAS observed ranged from 1 to 9 (median: 2) with corresponding cumulative concentrations (sum of detected PFAS) ranging from 0.348 to 346 ng/L. Seventeen PFAS were observed at least once with PFBS, PFHxS and PFOA observed most frequently in approximately 15% of the samples. Across the US, PFAS profiles and estimated median cumulative concentrations were similar among private wells and public-supply tapwater. We estimate that at least one PFAS could be detected in about 45% of US drinking-water samples. These detection probabilities varied spatially with limited temporal variation in concentrations/numbers of PFAS detected. Benchmark screening approaches indicated potential human exposure risk was dominated by PFOA and PFOS, when detected. Potential source and land-use information was related to cumulative PFAS concentrations, and the number of PFAS detected; however, corresponding relations with specific PFAS were limited likely due to low detection frequencies and higher detection limits. Information generated supports the need for further assessments of cumulative health risks of PFAS as a class and in combination with other co-occurring contaminants, particularly in unmonitored private-wells where information is limited or not available.”
Sudarshan Kurwadkar: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution. In: Science of The Total Environment. 809. Jahrgang, 2022, S.151003, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151003 (englisch, sciencedirect.com): “Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of fluorinated organic compounds of anthropogenic origin. Due to their unique chemical properties, widespread production, environmental distribution, long-term persistence, bioaccumulative potential, and associated risks for human health, PFAS have been classified as persistent organic pollutants of significant concern. Scientific evidence from the last several decades suggests that their widespread occurrence in the environment correlates with adverse effects on human health and ecology. The presence of PFAS in the aquatic environment demonstrates a close link between the anthroposphere and the hydrological cycle, and concentrations of PFAS in surface and groundwater range in value along the ng L−1–μg L−1 scale. Here, we critically reviewed the research published in the last decade on the global occurrence and distribution of PFAS in the aquatic environment. Ours is the first paper to critically evaluate the occurrence of PFAS at the continental scale and the evolving global regulatory responses to manage and mitigate the adverse human health risks posed by PFAS. The review reports that PFAS are widespread despite being phased out—they have been detected in different continents irrespective of the level of industrial development. Their occurrence far from the potential sources suggests that long-range atmospheric transport is an important pathway of PFAS distribution. Recently, several studies have investigated the health impacts of PFAS exposure—they have been detected in biota, drinking water, food, air, and human serum. In response to the emerging information about PFAS toxicity, several countries have provided administrative guidelines for PFAS in water, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, Germany, and Australia. In the US, additional regulatory measures are under consideration. Further, many PFAS have now been listed as persistent organic pollutants. This comprehensive review provides crucial baseline information on the global occurrence, distribution, and regulatory framework of PFAS.”
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
Atle Ove Martinussen: Nylon Fever: Technological Innovation, Diffusion and Control in Norwegian Fishery during the 1950s. In: MAST. 5. Jahrgang, Nr.1, 2006, S.29–44 (englisch, semanticscholar.org): “The main issue in this paper is the change from natural to synthetic fibre in the Norwegian fisheries during the 1950s. The focus is on the innovation process and changes in net fishing. Early in the 1950s, the State and the private fishermen conducted parallel fishing tests especially for cod with synthetic fibre nets. The fishermen’s tests showed an increase in catches which were measured up to 400% compared with natural fibre nets, while the State was a more reluctant supporter of the new materials. Early on in the development of synthetic fibre, the big multinational companies like Du Pont and I G Farben pushed the market based on the great demand for synthetic fibre nets. An important question is whether this transition was fast or slow. The statistics for all fishing gear show that it was really slow, but is that the whole story?”
terramedia.co.uk
Chronomedia 1985. terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia, abgerufen am 22. Dezember 2009 (englisch): „October Philips and Du Pont Company form Philips Du Pont Optical (PDO) joint venture to manufacture and market optical discs.“
Alejandro de la Garza: Dark Waters Tells the True Story of the Lawyer Who Took DuPont to Court and Won. But Rob Bilott’s Fight Is Far From Over. In: https://time.com/.Time, 25. November 2019, archiviert vom Original am 9. April 2024; abgerufen am 13. April 2024 (englisch): „He works, at first, on Tennant’s behalf, then pursues a class action suit representing around 70,000 people living near a chemical plant that allegedly contaminated drinking water with PFOA, a toxic chemical used in the production of Teflon. In recent years, studies have correlated long-term exposure to PFOA with a number of illnesses, including some types of cancer. [...] In 2017, Bilott won a $671 million settlement on behalf of more than 3,500 plaintiffs.“
William Glaberson: Behind Du Pont's Shift On Loss of Ozone Layer. In: The New York Times. 26. März 1988, archiviert vom Original am 4. Juni 2023; abgerufen am 13. April 2024 (englisch): „On March 4, Richard E. Heckert, chairman of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, wrote the kind of combative letter Du Pont executives have been writing for years. Answering three Senators who had sharply criticized the company, he said there was no reason for Du Pont to stop making chlorofluorocarbons, the useful compound that critics say destroys the earth's protective layer of ozone. Two days ago, just 20 days after he had dismissed the concerns of the latest critics, Mr. Heckert announced a dramatic turnaround. Du Pont, he said, would get out of the chlorofluorocarbon business entirely. After years of criticizing the company for dragging its heels, many politicians and environmentalists hailed the decision. Du Pont executives promptly began to call for new worldwide controls on the substance, of which they are the world's leading producer, with about 25 percent of the market. Taking Science into Account“
Alex Formuzis: DuPont Made Billions Polluting Tap Water With PFAS; Will Now Make More Cleaning It Up. In: Environmental Working Group. 12. Dezember 2019, archiviert vom Original am 7. November 2023; abgerufen am 13. April 2024: „DuPont announced on Wednesday it will purchase Desalitech Ltd., a manufacturer of closed-circuit reverse osmosis technology. Reverse osmosis is one of the most expensive water filter technologies on the market, but it can remove many fluorinated chemicals, known as PFAS, that have contaminated drinking water for an estimated 110 million Americans and are in the blood of virtually everyone, including newborns. Since the 1940s, DuPont made and used PFAS chemicals to make highly profitable consumer products, including Teflon, which at one point earned $1 billion a year for the chemical giant. Communities whose water is contaminated with the Teflon chemical, or other PFAS compounds from other companies, face huge costs for installing filters to remove the chemicals, which have been linked to cancer, thyroid disease, reproductive and immune system problems and many other serious health harms.“
Emily Dao: DuPont, Formerly The Largest Chemical Company, Announces Nine New Sustainability Goals. In: The Rising – The Most Important Sustainability Stories. 30. Oktober 2019, archiviert vom Original am 4. November 2019; abgerufen am 4. November 2019 (amerikanisches Englisch): „Align 100 percent of the company’s innovation portfolio to meaningfully advance the UN SDGs and create value for our customers
Integrate circular economy principles into DuPont’s business models considering lifecycle impacts in the markets it serves. Design 100 percent of its products and processes using sustainability criteria including the principles of green chemistry. Reduce greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions by 30 percent including sourcing 60 percent of electricity from renewable energy, and deliver carbon neutral operations by 2050. Implement water strategies across all facilities at the company’s sites, prioritizing manufacturing plants and communities in high-risk watershed, and enable millions of people access to clean water through leadership in advancing water technology and enacting strategic partnerships
Further DuPont’s commitment to zero injuries, occupational illnesses, incidents, waste and emissions
Become one of the world’s most inclusive companies, with diversity well ahead of industry benchmarks
Create a workplace where employees report high levels of well-being and fulfillment
Improve over 100 million lives through targeted social impact program“
DuPont Tops BusinessWeek Ranking of Green Companies. In: GreenBiz News. 6. Dezember 2005 (englisch, greenbiz.com (Memento des Originals vom 27. April 2006 im Internet Archive)): “Topping the list of BusinessWeek's ranking of "The Top Green Companies" is an experienced hand at making the most out of changing regulations, DuPont. Back in the mid-1980s, DuPont created a profitable business selling substitutes for chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants that were destroying the earth's protective ozone layer. Tackling climate change "was a natural extension of this experience," explained environmental manager Mack McFarland. DuPont has reduced energy consumption 7% below 1990 levels, saving more than $2 billion-including at least $10 million per year by using renewable resources”
Green Leaders Show The Way (Memento des Originals vom 7. April 2024 im Internet Archive), Bloomberg, 11. Dezember 2005. Abgerufen am 7. April 2024 (englisch). „But at long last, some companies have discovered that reducing greenhouse gas emissions can make monetary sense, too. BusinessWeek, working with the Climate Group, Innovest Strategic Value Advisors, and independent experts, identified the companies that are the best-practice leaders in cutting their gas emissions. The list is led by DuPont (DD ), followed by BP (BP ), Bayer (BAY ), BT (BT ), and Alcoa (AA ). DuPont, for example, has reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by more than 65% from the 1990 levels while using 7% less energy and producing 30% more product. The company's cost savings: more than $2 billion.“
Michael Janofsky: DuPont to Pay $16.5 Million for Unreported Risks. In: https://www.nytimes.com. New York Times, 5. Dezember 2005, archiviert vom Original am 27. September 2023; abgerufen am 13. April 2024 (englisch): „The Environmental Protection Agency said Wednesday that it had reached a $16.5 million settlement with DuPont, which it had accused of failing to report information about the health and environmental risks of a substance used in making Teflon and other plastics. The settlement includes $10.25 million in fines, which the agency says is the largest administrative penalty it has ever imposed, and a commitment by DuPont to spend another $6.25 million for two environmental projects in lieu of more fines. "This settlement sends a strong message that companies are responsible for promptly informing E.P.A. about risk information associated with their products," said Granta Y. Nakayama, assistant administrator for the agency's Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance. The agency said DuPont had withheld information about perfluorooctanoic acid, a chemical known as PFOA that is used in processing high-performance plastics, from residents near the company's plant in Parkersburg, W.Va., where the chemical contaminated local waters. The agency said the company had information on the chemical's potential risk as early as 1981 but did not report it, as required by the federal Toxic Substances Control Act.“
An Update On The DuPont Chemical Federal Lawsuit Filed By Local Attorney Robert Bilott (Memento des Originals vom 19. Januar 2024 im Internet Archive), Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. Abgerufen am 7. April 2024 (englisch). „Local attorney Robert Bilott, whose story has made national headlines, took on a high-profile case against the DuPont chemical company. He filed a federal suit against DuPont in 1999, in West Virginia. He exposed that DuPont had operated above the Environmental Protection Agency for decades, intentionally hiding the dangers of Teflon and the chemical PFOA (C8), to which people have been exposed.“
Lise Olsen: DuPont's safety record has slipped in recent years. In: Houston Chronicle. 7. Dezember 2014, archiviert vom Original am 3. März 2024; abgerufen am 7. April 2024: „But there are signs of cracks in that lauded corporate culture - including 34 accidents involving toxic releases and at least eight fatalities at DuPont plants nationwide since 2007, public records reviewed by the Houston Chronicle show.“
Bilott Involved in $4B Settlement Agreement with Chemical Giants on PFAS Liabilities. In: Taft Law. 17. August 2015, archiviert vom Original am 28. Februar 2023; abgerufen am 7. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch): „In addition, DuPont, Corteva, and Chemours jointly committed $4 billion to cover liabilities for their past use of PFOA and other per-and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) commonly now known as “forever chemicals.” The arrangement is an update to previous agreements crafted to handle how the companies would allocate liability related to PFAS claims after what used to be known as E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. recently split into the trio of publicly traded companies.“
The Case Against DuPont. Part 2: The Teflon Toxin. In: The Intercept. 17. August 2015, archiviert vom Original am 20. Dezember 2023; abgerufen am 7. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch): „Bilott learned that the company had been quietly monitoring public drinking water outside its plant and, since 1984, had been documenting C8’s presence at potentially dangerous levels. As far back as 1991, DuPont had estimated the C8 in a stream from which cattle drank at 100 parts per billion — which was 100 times greater than an internal safety limit the company had set for drinking water.“
DuPont 'Acted With Malice,' Says Jury in Cancer Lawsuit. In: Medscape. 2. August 2016, archiviert vom Original am 27. März 2024; abgerufen am 27. März 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch): „The culprit at hand is perfluorooctanoic acid, also known as PFOA or C8, which is the chemical used to manufacture Teflon and other products. The byproducts of C8 were dumped into the Ohio River near the DuPont plant at Parkersburg, West Virginia, contaminating the drinking water that served two districts in West Virginia and four in Ohio. In the latest lawsuit, held in early July 2016, the jury said that DuPont had "acted with malice." The jury awarded the plaintiff $5.1 million in compensatory damages and an additional $500,000 in punitive damages. The plaintiff was David Freeman, a 56-year-old man from Washington County, Ohio, who developed testicular cancer that he blames on drinking the tainted water, and the jury apparently agreed.“
Alejandro de la Garza: Dark Waters Tells the True Story of the Lawyer Who Took DuPont to Court and Won. But Rob Bilott’s Fight Is Far From Over. In: https://time.com/.Time, 25. November 2019, archiviert vom Original am 9. April 2024; abgerufen am 13. April 2024 (englisch): „He works, at first, on Tennant’s behalf, then pursues a class action suit representing around 70,000 people living near a chemical plant that allegedly contaminated drinking water with PFOA, a toxic chemical used in the production of Teflon. In recent years, studies have correlated long-term exposure to PFOA with a number of illnesses, including some types of cancer. [...] In 2017, Bilott won a $671 million settlement on behalf of more than 3,500 plaintiffs.“
‘Forever Chemical’ Lawsuits Could Ultimately Eclipse the Big Tobacco Settlement. In: Time. 12. Juli 2023, archiviert vom Original am 31. Januar 2024; abgerufen am 7. April 2024 (amerikanisches Englisch): „In early June, DuPont, Chemours, and Corteva got out from under a little bit of the civil litigation brought against them, reaching a $1.185 billion settlement with 300 local water systems that had sued the companies for the costs of cleaning and filtering their wells and aquifers. Three weeks later, 3M reached a much larger $10.3 billion settlement with 300 different water providers. Most, but not all, of the plaintiffs in both settlements are part of what is known as multidistrict litigation (MDL), in which suits alleging similar damages and identical defendants are consolidated for trial before a single judge in a single court. The 600 settled cases represent only a tiny share of the 15,000 claims in the MDL, being heard in the courtroom of Judge Richard Gergel, in the United States District Court for South Carolina.“
DuPont de Nemours Settlement. In: Violation Tracker. Good Jobs First, 8. Februar 2024, archiviert vom Original am 7. April 2024; abgerufen am 7. April 2024 (englisch): „DuPont and its spinoff companies together agreed to pay $1.185 billion to settle litigation over the contamination to public water systems they allegedly caused through the production of PFAS forever chemicals used in firefighting foam. A DuPont SEC filing revealed its share was $400 million.“
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Nathaniel Rich: The Lawyer Who Became DuPont’s Worst Nightmare. In: The New York Times. 6. Januar 2016, ISSN0362-4331 (nytimes.com [abgerufen am 13. Oktober 2019]).
