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Germanium (German Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Germanium" in German language version.

Last modified:

Ref.Un. Ref.Website
Global rank German rank
2921doi.org
2nd place
3rd place
96nih.gov
5th place
7th place
84webelements.com
4,345th place
516th place
54baua.de
low place
1,687th place
51nist.gov
708th place
424th place
33books.google.com
3rd place
54th place
22usgs.gov
119th place
300th place
22web.archive.org
1st place
1st place
22bund.de
2,223rd place
162nd place
21dguv.de
690th place
51st place
11ciaaw.org
9,183rd place
6,446th place
11hathitrust.org
296th place
523rd place
11rruff.info
5,858th place
965th place
11digitale-sammlungen.de
443rd place
23rd place
11bnf.fr
61st place
204th place
11mindat.org
712th place
405th place
11europa.eu
62nd place
21st place
11spiegel.de
87th place
6th place
11t-online.de
1,448th place
83rd place
11bruker.com
low place
low place
11archive.today
28th place
19th place
11akdae.de
low place
2,534th place

akdae.de (Global: low place; German: 2,534th place)

archive.today (Global: 28th place; German: 19th place)

baua.de (Global: low place; German: 1,687th place)

  • Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (Hrsg.): Germanium und Germaniumdioxid. Mai 2018, S. 7 ff. (baua.de [PDF; 447 kB; abgerufen am 4. August 2019]).
  • Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (Hrsg.): Germanium und Germaniumdioxid. Mai 2018, S. 7 (baua.de [PDF; 447 kB; abgerufen am 4. August 2019]).
  • Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (Hrsg.): Germanium und Germaniumdioxid. Mai 2018, S. 14 ff. (baua.de [PDF; 447 kB; abgerufen am 4. August 2019]).
  • Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (Hrsg.): Germanium und Germaniumdioxid. Mai 2018, S. 4 ff. (baua.de [PDF; 447 kB; abgerufen am 18. Januar 2020]).

bnf.fr (Global: 61st place; German: 204th place)

gallica.bnf.fr

  • Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran: Sur le poids atomique et sur le spectrum du germanium. In: Comptes Rendus. Band 102, 1886, S. 1291–1295, (Digitalisat auf Gallica).

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; German: 54th place)

bruker.com (Global: low place; German: low place)

bund.de (Global: 2,223rd place; German: 162nd place)

bfr.bund.de

ciaaw.org (Global: 9,183rd place; German: 6,446th place)

dguv.de (Global: 690th place; German: 51st place)

gestis.dguv.de

digitale-sammlungen.de (Global: 443rd place; German: 23rd place)

  • R. Hermann: Fortgesetzte Untersuchungen über die Verbindungen der Metalle der Tantalgruppe, so wie über Neptunium, ein neues Metall. In: Journal für praktische Chemie. 1877, Band 15, S. 105–150 (online).

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; German: 3rd place)

  • Manjeera Mantina, Adam C. Chamberlin, Rosendo Valero, Christopher J. Cramer, Donald G. Truhlar: Consistent van der Waals Radii for the Whole Main Group. In: J. Phys. Chem. A. 113, 2009, S. 5806–5812, doi:10.1021/jp8111556.
  • Eintrag zu germanium in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. und NIST ASD Team (2019): NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1). Hrsg.: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. doi:10.18434/T4W30F (physics.nist.gov/asd). Abgerufen am 11. Juni 2020.
  • Yiming Zhang, Julian R. G. Evans, Shoufeng Yang: Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks. In: Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 56, 2011, S. 328–337, doi:10.1021/je1011086.
  • J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 40 (2013) 035110, doi:10.1088/0954-3899/40/3/035110
  • Klaus Volke: Clemens Winkler– zum 100. Todestag. In: Chemie in unserer Zeit. Band 38, Nr. 5, Oktober 2004, S. 360, doi:10.1002/ciuz.200490078.
  • O. Brunck: Clemens Winkler. In: Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. Band 39, Nr. 4, 1906, S. 4491–4548, doi:10.1002/cber.190603904164.
  • Clemens Winkler: Germanium, Ge, ein neues, nichtmetallisches Element. In: Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. Band 19, Nr. 1, 1886, S. 210–211, doi:10.1002/cber.18860190156.
  • Matthew J.M. Phillips, Stephen F. Foley, Olivier Alard: Application of Ge/Si ratios to ultramafic alkaline rocks using a novel LA-ICP- MS/MS method. In: Chemical Geology. Band 616, 2023, Artikel 121236, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121236.
  • R. Höll, M. Kling, E. Schroll: Metallogenesis of germanium — A review. In: Ore Geology Reviews. Band 30, 2007, S. 145–180, doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.07.034.
    1. ↑ S. 151-153
    2. Adrián García-Figueroa, Montserrat Filella, Tomáš Matoušek: Speciation of germanium in environmental water reference materials by hydride generation and cryotrapping in combination with ICP-MS/MS. In: Talanta. Band 225, 2021, Artikel 121972, doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121972.
    3. Oliver Wiche, Balázs Székely, Christin Moschner, Hermann Heilmeier: Germanium in the soil-plant system—a review. In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. Band 25, 2018, S. 31938–31956, doi:10.1007/s11356-018-3172-y.
    4. Benedicte Robertz, Jensen Verhelle, Maarten Schurmans: The Primary and Secondary Production of Germanium: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Different Process Alternatives. In: JOM. Band 67, 2015, S. 412–424, doi:10.1007/s11837-014-1267-6.
    5. Jean Scoyer, Hélian Guislain, H. Uwe Wolf: Germanium and Germanium Compounds. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, 2012, doi:10.1002/14356007.a12_351.
      1. ↑ S. 632-634
      2. Erwin Rosenberg: Germanium: environmental occurrence, importance and speciation. In: Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology. Band 8, 2009, S, 29–57, doi:10.1007/s11157-008-9143-x.
      3. Danilo C. Curtolo, Semiramis Friedrich, Bernd Friedrich: High Purity Germanium, a Review on Principle Theories and Technical Production Methodologies. In: Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology. Band 7, 2017, S. 65–84, doi:10.4236/jcpt.2017.74005.
      4. Europäische Kommission: Study on the EU's list of Critical Raw Materials. Publications Office of the European Union, 2020, S. 248–249, doi:10.2873/92480.
        1. ↑ S. 248-249
        2. Dennis Bastian, Britta Bookhagen, Alexander Fritz, Maren Liedtke, Paul Mählitz, Michael Schmidt: DERA-Rohstoffliste 2025. In: Deutsche Rohstoffagentur (Hrsg.): DERA Rohstoffinformationen. Nr. 62, 2026, S. 99, doi:10.25928/66rn-rv94.
        3. A. G. Schauss: Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in humans from organogermanium compounds and germanium dioxide. In: Biological Trace Element Research. Band 29, Nr. 3, Juni 1991, S. 267–280, doi:10.1007/BF03032683, PMID 1726409.
        4. Hazard assessment of germanium supplements. doi:10.1006/rtph.1997.1098.
        5. Germanium dioxide induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Neuro-2A cells. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2006.05.018.
        6. Roy A. Henry, Keith H. Byington: Inhibition of glutathione-S- aryltransferase from rat liver by organogermanium, lead and tin compounds. In: Biochemical Pharmacology. Band 25, Nr. 20, 1976, S. 2291–2295, doi:10.1016/0006-2952(76)90012-5.

europa.eu (Global: 62nd place; German: 21st place)

consilium.europa.eu

hathitrust.org (Global: 296th place; German: 523rd place)

babel.hathitrust.org

  • Dmitri Mendelejew: Die periodische Gesetzmäßigkeit der chemischen Elemente. (übersetzt von Felix Wreden) In: Liebigs Annalen. 8. Supplementband, 1871, S. 133–239 (genauer S. 200–204, Online in der HathiTrust digital library).

mindat.org (Global: 712th place; German: 405th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; German: 7th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

  • A. G. Schauss: Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in humans from organogermanium compounds and germanium dioxide. In: Biological Trace Element Research. Band 29, Nr. 3, Juni 1991, S. 267–280, doi:10.1007/BF03032683, PMID 1726409.
  • Tubulointerstitial nephropathy persisting 20 months after discontinuation of chronic intake of germanium lactate citrate. PMID 8488824.
  • Germanium poisoning: clinical symptoms and renal damage caused by long-term intake of germanium. PMID 1650857.
  • Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in humans from organogermanium compounds and germanium dioxide. PMID 1726409.
  • The pathogenesis of experimental model of mitochondrial myopathy induced by germanium dioxide. PMID 12899328.

dailymed.nlm.nih.gov

nist.gov (Global: 708th place; German: 424th place)

physics.nist.gov

rruff.info (Global: 5,858th place; German: 965th place)

  • A. Weisbach: Argyrodit, ein neues Silbererz. In: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaontologie. Band 2, 1886, S. 67–71 (PDF 222,3 kB)

spiegel.de (Global: 87th place; German: 6th place)

t-online.de (Global: 1,448th place; German: 83rd place)

usgs.gov (Global: 119th place; German: 300th place)

pubs.usgs.gov

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; German: 1st place)

webelements.com (Global: 4,345th place; German: 516th place)