Joseph Alois Schumpeter: Konjunkturzyklen. Eine theoretische, historische und statistische Analyse des kapitalistischen Prozesses. Band1. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1961, S.111–112 (digitale-sammlungen.de [abgerufen am 27. Juni 2020]).
Wolfgang Pfeifer et al.: Kapitalist. In: Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen. Digitalisierte und von Wolfgang Pfeifer überarbeitete Version im Digitalen Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. 1993, abgerufen am 10. Juni 2020.
Adam Smith: An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Hrsg.: Edwin Cannan. Volume 1. Methuen, London 1904, S.54 (englisch, libertyfund.org): “Wages, profit, and rent, are the three original sources of all revenue as well as of all exchangeable value. All other revenue is ultimately derived from some one or other of these. Whoever derives his revenue from a fund which is his own, must draw it either from his labour, from his stock, or from his land. The revenue derived from labour is called wages. That derived from stock, by the person who manages or employs it, is called profit. That derived from it by the person who does not employ it himself, but lends it to another, is called the interest or the use of money. […] The revenue which proceeds altogether from land, is called rent, and belongs to the landlord.”
Adam Smith: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Hrsg.: Edwin Cannan. Volume 1. Methuen, London 1904, S.261 (englisch, libertyfund.org): “But when he possesses stock sufficient to maintain him for months or years, he naturally endeavours to derive a revenue from the greater part of it; reserving only so much for his immediate consumption as may maintain him till this revenue begins to come in. His whole stock, therefore, is distinguished into two parts. That part which, he expects, is to afford him this revenue, is called his capital. The other is that which supplies his immediate consumption; and which consists either, first, in that portion of his whole stock which was originally reserved for this purpose; or, secondly, in his revenue, from whatever source derived, as it gradually comes in; or, thirdly, in such things as had been purchased by either of these in former years, and which are not yet entirely consumed; such as a stock of clothes, household furniture, and the like. In one, or other, or all of these three articles, consists the stock which men commonly reserve for their own immediate consumption.”
Adam Smith: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Hrsg.: Edwin Cannan. Volume 1. Methuen, London 1904, S.261 (englisch, libertyfund.org): “When the stock which a man possess is no more than sufficient to maintain him for a few days or a few weeks, he seldom thinks of deriving any revenue from it. He consumes it as sparingly as he can, and endeavours by his labour to acquire something which may supply its place before it be consumed altogether. His revenue is, in this case, derived from his labour only. This is the state of the greater part of the labouring poor in all countries.”
Adam Smith: An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Hrsg.: Edwin Cannan. Methuen, London 1904, S.67 (englisch, libertyfund.org): “As soon as land becomes private property, the landlord demands a share of almost all the produce which the labourer can either raise, or collect from it. His rent makes the first deduction from the produce of labour which is employed upon land.”
Adam Smith: An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Hrsg.: Edwin Cannan. Volume 1. Methuen, London 1904, S.67 (englisch, libertyfund.org): “The produce of almost all other labour is liable to the like deduction of profit. In all arts and manufactures the greater part of the workmen stand in need of a master to advance them the materials of their work, and their wages and maintenance till it be compleated. He shares in the produce of their labour, or in the value which it adds to the materials upon which it is bestowed; and in this share consists his profit.”
Adam Smith: An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Hrsg.: Edwin Cannan. Methuen, London 1904, S.67–68 (englisch, libertyfund.org): “It sometimes happens, indeed, that a single independent workman has stock sufficient both to purchase the materials of his work, and to maintain himself till it be compleated. He is both master and workman, and enjoys the whole produce of his own labour, or the whole value which it adds to the materials upon which it is bestowed. It includes what are usually two distinct revenues, belonging to two distinct persons, the profits of stock, and the wages of labour. Such cases, however, are not very frequent […] and the wages of labour are every where understood to be, what they usually are, when the labourer is one person, and the owner of the stock which employs him another.”
Adam Smith: An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Hrsg.: Edwin Cannan. Methuen, London 1904, S.68 (englisch, libertyfund.org): “The workmen desire to get as much, the masters to give as little as possible. […] It is not, however, difficult to foresee which of these two parties must, upon all ordinary occasions, have the advantage in the dispute, and force the other into a compliance with their terms. The masters, being fewer in number, can combine much more easily; and the law, besides, authorities, or at least does not prohibit their combinations, while it prohibits those of the workmen. […] In all such disputes the masters can hold out much longer. A landlord, a farmer, a master manufacturer, or merchant, though they did not employ a single workman, could generally live a year or two upon the stocks […] Many workmen could not subsist a week […]”
Adam Smith: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Hrsg.: Edwin Cannan. Volume 1. Methuen, London 1904, S.50 (englisch, libertyfund.org): “The profits of stock, it might perhaps be thought, are only a different name for the wages of a particular sort of labour, the labour of inspection and direction. They are, however, altogether different, are regulated by quite different principles, and bear no proportion to the quantity, the hardship, or the ingenuity of this supposed labour of inspection and direction. They are regulated altogether by the value of the stock employed, and are greater or smaller in proportion to the extent of this stock.”
Adam Smith: An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Hrsg.: Edwin Cannan. Band1. Methuen, London 1904, S.66 (englisch, libertyfund.org): “The produce of labour constitutes the natural recompence or wages of labour. In that original state of things, which precedes both the appropriation of land and the accumulation of stock, the whole produce of labour belongs to the labourer. He has neither landlord nor master to share with him.”
Adam Smith: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Hrsg.: Edwin Cannan. Volume 1. Methuen, London 1904, S.258–259 (englisch, libertyfund.org).
