Barbara Tepa Lupack: Literary Adaptations in Black American Cinema: From Oscar Micheaux to Toni Morrison. Hrsg.: University of Rochester Press. 2002, ISBN 978-1-58046-103-0 (209–211).
David Reynolds: America, Empire of Liberty: A New History. Penguin UK, 2009, ISBN 978-0-14-190856-4 (241–242).