1883 eruption of Krakatoa (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "1883 eruption of Krakatoa" in English language version.

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9doi.org

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aps.org

Olson, Donald W.; Russell L. Doescher; Marilynn S. Olson (May 2005). "The Blood-Red Sky of the Scream". APS News. 13 (5). American Physical Society. Retrieved 22 December 2007.

archive.org

Symons, G.J. (ed) The Eruption of Krakatoa and Subsequent Phenomena (Report of the Krakatoa Committee of the Royal Society). London, 1888. Internet Archive. 1888.

bom.gov.au

"The eruption of Krakatoa, August 27, 1883". Commonwealth of Australia 2012, Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2012.

books.google.com

Thornton, Ian W. B. (1997). Krakatau: The Destruction and Reassembly of an Island Ecosystem. Harvard University Press. pp. 9–11. ISBN 978-0-674-50572-8.

branchcollective.org

Monique R. Morgan (January 2013). "The Eruption of Krakatoa (also known as Krakatau) in 1883". 'BRANCH': Britain, Representation and Nineteenth-Century History. Retrieved 5 February 2019.

caltech.edu

calteches.library.caltech.edu

Press, Frank (November 1956). "Volcanoes, ice, and destructive waves" (PDF). Engineering and Science. 20 (2): 26–30. ISSN 0013-7812. Retrieved 5 April 2007. Fortunately, the tide gauges of 1883 were sufficiently well designed to provide fairly good records of the Krakatoa waves. Thus we have instrumental data for the Krakatoa sea waves from such widely separated places as Honolulu, San Francisco, Colon, South Georgia and English Channel ports.

doi.org

A documentary film showed tests made by a research team at the University of Kiel, Germany, of pyroclastic flows moving over the water. See Freundt, Armin (2002). "Entrance of hot pyroclastic flows into the sea: experimental observations". Bulletin of Volcanology. 65 (2–3): 144–164. Bibcode:2002BVol...65..144F. doi:10.1007/s00445-002-0250-1. S2CID 73620085. Retrieved 10 April 2012. The tests revealed that hot ash travelled over the water on a cloud of superheated steam, continuing to be a pyroclastic flow after crossing water; the heavy matter precipitated out of the flow shortly after initial contact with the water, creating a tsunami due to the precipitate mass.
Self, Stephen (1992). "Krakatau revisited: The course of events and interpretation of the 1883 eruption". GeoJournal. 28 (2). Springer Science+Business Media. doi:10.1007/BF00177223. S2CID 189890473. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
Woulff, Gordon; McGetchin, Thomas R (December 1958). "Acoustic Noise from Volcanoes: Theory and Experiment". Geophysical Journal International. 1 (4). Oxford University Press: 601–616. Bibcode:1958GeoJ....1..601W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1958.tb05346.x.
Mandeville, C.W.; Carey, S; Sigurdsson, H. & King, J. (1994). "Paleomagnetic evidence for high-temperature emplacement of the 1883 subaqueous pyroclastic flows from Krakatau Volcano, Indonesia". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 99 (B5): 9487–9504. Bibcode:1994JGR....99.9487M. doi:10.1029/94JB00239.
Bradley, Raymond S. (June 1988). "The explosive volcanic eruption signal in northern hemisphere continental temperature records" (PDF). Climatic Change. 12 (3): 221–243. Bibcode:1988ClCh...12..221B. doi:10.1007/bf00139431. ISSN 0165-0009. S2CID 153757349 – via Springer.
Kane, R.P.; Kane (1 August 1997). "Relationship of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Pacific Sea Surface Temperature with Rainfall in Various Regions of the Globe". Monthly Weather Review. 125 (8): 1792–1800. Bibcode:1997MWRv..125.1792K. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<1792:roenos>2.0.co;2.
Mass, Clifford F.; Portman, David A.; Mass, Clifford F.; Portman, David A. (1 June 1989). "Major Volcanic Eruptions and Climate: A Critical Evaluation" (PDF). Journal of Climate. 2 (6): 566–593. Bibcode:1989JCli....2..566M. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<0566:mveaca>2.0.co;2. JSTOR 26194042.
Bishop, S.E. (29 January 1885). "Krakatoa". Nature. 31 (796): 288–289. Bibcode:1885Natur..31..288B. doi:10.1038/031288b0.
Self, Stephen; Rampino, Michael R. (1981). "The 1883 eruption of Krakatau". Nature. 294 (5843): 699–704. Bibcode:1981Natur.294..699S. doi:10.1038/294699a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4340524.

futurism.com

Filmer, Joshua. "The Biggest Shockwave Ever Created by Earth".

haldermanhome.com

"Los Angeles and San Diego rainfall" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2014.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

A documentary film showed tests made by a research team at the University of Kiel, Germany, of pyroclastic flows moving over the water. See Freundt, Armin (2002). "Entrance of hot pyroclastic flows into the sea: experimental observations". Bulletin of Volcanology. 65 (2–3): 144–164. Bibcode:2002BVol...65..144F. doi:10.1007/s00445-002-0250-1. S2CID 73620085. Retrieved 10 April 2012. The tests revealed that hot ash travelled over the water on a cloud of superheated steam, continuing to be a pyroclastic flow after crossing water; the heavy matter precipitated out of the flow shortly after initial contact with the water, creating a tsunami due to the precipitate mass.
Woulff, Gordon; McGetchin, Thomas R (December 1958). "Acoustic Noise from Volcanoes: Theory and Experiment". Geophysical Journal International. 1 (4). Oxford University Press: 601–616. Bibcode:1958GeoJ....1..601W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1958.tb05346.x.
Mandeville, C.W.; Carey, S; Sigurdsson, H. & King, J. (1994). "Paleomagnetic evidence for high-temperature emplacement of the 1883 subaqueous pyroclastic flows from Krakatau Volcano, Indonesia". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 99 (B5): 9487–9504. Bibcode:1994JGR....99.9487M. doi:10.1029/94JB00239.
Bradley, Raymond S. (June 1988). "The explosive volcanic eruption signal in northern hemisphere continental temperature records" (PDF). Climatic Change. 12 (3): 221–243. Bibcode:1988ClCh...12..221B. doi:10.1007/bf00139431. ISSN 0165-0009. S2CID 153757349 – via Springer.
Kane, R.P.; Kane (1 August 1997). "Relationship of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Pacific Sea Surface Temperature with Rainfall in Various Regions of the Globe". Monthly Weather Review. 125 (8): 1792–1800. Bibcode:1997MWRv..125.1792K. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<1792:roenos>2.0.co;2.
Mass, Clifford F.; Portman, David A.; Mass, Clifford F.; Portman, David A. (1 June 1989). "Major Volcanic Eruptions and Climate: A Critical Evaluation" (PDF). Journal of Climate. 2 (6): 566–593. Bibcode:1989JCli....2..566M. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<0566:mveaca>2.0.co;2. JSTOR 26194042.
Bishop, S.E. (29 January 1885). "Krakatoa". Nature. 31 (796): 288–289. Bibcode:1885Natur..31..288B. doi:10.1038/031288b0.
Self, Stephen; Rampino, Michael R. (1981). "The 1883 eruption of Krakatau". Nature. 294 (5843): 699–704. Bibcode:1981Natur.294..699S. doi:10.1038/294699a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4340524.

independent.co.uk

"How Krakatoa made the biggest bang"; The Independent, 3 May 2006

inist.fr

cat.inist.fr

A documentary film showed tests made by a research team at the University of Kiel, Germany, of pyroclastic flows moving over the water. See Freundt, Armin (2002). "Entrance of hot pyroclastic flows into the sea: experimental observations". Bulletin of Volcanology. 65 (2–3): 144–164. Bibcode:2002BVol...65..144F. doi:10.1007/s00445-002-0250-1. S2CID 73620085. Retrieved 10 April 2012. The tests revealed that hot ash travelled over the water on a cloud of superheated steam, continuing to be a pyroclastic flow after crossing water; the heavy matter precipitated out of the flow shortly after initial contact with the water, creating a tsunami due to the precipitate mass.

jstor.org

Mass, Clifford F.; Portman, David A.; Mass, Clifford F.; Portman, David A. (1 June 1989). "Major Volcanic Eruptions and Climate: A Critical Evaluation" (PDF). Journal of Climate. 2 (6): 566–593. Bibcode:1989JCli....2..566M. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<0566:mveaca>2.0.co;2. JSTOR 26194042.

lanl.gov

library.lanl.gov

Pararas-Carayannis, George (2003). "Near and far-field effects of tsunamis generated by the paroxysmal eruptions, explosions, caldera collapses and massive slope failures of the Krakatau volcano in Indonesia on August 26–27, 1883" (PDF). Science of Tsunami Hazards. Vol. 21, no. 4. The Tsunami Society. pp. 191–201. ISSN 8755-6839. Retrieved 29 December 2007.

nasa.gov

ntrs.nasa.gov

Oliveira, Justin M.; Vedo, Sabrina; Campbell, Michael D.; Atkinson, Joseph P. (2010). "KSC VAB Aeroacoustic Hazard Assessment" (PDF). KSC Engineering, NASA. p. 43. Retrieved 15 November 2016.

science.nasa.gov

"Blue Moon". NASA Science. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2013.

nature.com

Self, Stephen; Rampino, Michael R. (1981). "The 1883 eruption of Krakatau". Nature. 294 (5843): 699–704. Bibcode:1981Natur.294..699S. doi:10.1038/294699a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4340524.

nytimes.com

Winchester, Simon (15 April 2010). "A Tale of Two Volcanos". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 November 2010.

researchgate.net

Mader, Charles. (2006). Numerical Modeling for the Krakatoa Hydrovolcanic Explosion and Tsunami. Science of Tsunami Hazards. 24. 174.
Mader, Charles L.; Gittings, Michael L. (2006). "Numerical model for the Krakatoa hydrovolcanic explosion and tsunami". Science of Tsunami Hazards. 24 (3): 174–182.

sdsu.edu

geology.sdsu.edu

"How Volcanoes Work - Krakatau, Indonesia 1883". Archived from the original on 13 August 2008.
"How Volcanoes Work - Krakatau, Indonesia 1883". Archived from the original on 13 August 2008.
"How Volcanoes Work - Krakatau, Indonesia 1883". Archived from the original on 13 August 2008.
"How Volcanoes Work – Krakatau, Indonesia 1883". Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University. Archived from the original on 13 August 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2017.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

A documentary film showed tests made by a research team at the University of Kiel, Germany, of pyroclastic flows moving over the water. See Freundt, Armin (2002). "Entrance of hot pyroclastic flows into the sea: experimental observations". Bulletin of Volcanology. 65 (2–3): 144–164. Bibcode:2002BVol...65..144F. doi:10.1007/s00445-002-0250-1. S2CID 73620085. Retrieved 10 April 2012. The tests revealed that hot ash travelled over the water on a cloud of superheated steam, continuing to be a pyroclastic flow after crossing water; the heavy matter precipitated out of the flow shortly after initial contact with the water, creating a tsunami due to the precipitate mass.
Self, Stephen (1992). "Krakatau revisited: The course of events and interpretation of the 1883 eruption". GeoJournal. 28 (2). Springer Science+Business Media. doi:10.1007/BF00177223. S2CID 189890473. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
Bradley, Raymond S. (June 1988). "The explosive volcanic eruption signal in northern hemisphere continental temperature records" (PDF). Climatic Change. 12 (3): 221–243. Bibcode:1988ClCh...12..221B. doi:10.1007/bf00139431. ISSN 0165-0009. S2CID 153757349 – via Springer.
Self, Stephen; Rampino, Michael R. (1981). "The 1883 eruption of Krakatau". Nature. 294 (5843): 699–704. Bibcode:1981Natur.294..699S. doi:10.1038/294699a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4340524.

si.edu

volcano.si.edu

"Krakatau". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 3 May 2021.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Self, Stephen (1992). "Krakatau revisited: The course of events and interpretation of the 1883 eruption". GeoJournal. 28 (2). Springer Science+Business Media. doi:10.1007/BF00177223. S2CID 189890473. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
Carey1 Sigurdsson2 Mandeville3 Bronto4, S.1 H.2 C.3 S.4. "Pyroclastic flows and surges over water: an example from the 1883 Krakatau eruption". Springer Link.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

theage.com.au

- "Krakatoa provided backdrop to Munch's scream". The Age. Melbourne. 11 December 2003. Retrieved 15 November 2010.

umass.edu

geo.umass.edu

Bradley, Raymond S. (June 1988). "The explosive volcanic eruption signal in northern hemisphere continental temperature records" (PDF). Climatic Change. 12 (3): 221–243. Bibcode:1988ClCh...12..221B. doi:10.1007/bf00139431. ISSN 0165-0009. S2CID 153757349 – via Springer.

umn.edu

climate.umn.edu

University of Minnesota. "With a Bang: Not a Whimper" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 June 2010.

usgs.gov

volcanoes.usgs.gov

"USGS: Volcano Hazards Program". volcanoes.usgs.gov.

washington.edu

atmos.washington.edu

Mass, Clifford F.; Portman, David A.; Mass, Clifford F.; Portman, David A. (1 June 1989). "Major Volcanic Eruptions and Climate: A Critical Evaluation" (PDF). Journal of Climate. 2 (6): 566–593. Bibcode:1989JCli....2..566M. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<0566:mveaca>2.0.co;2. JSTOR 26194042.

web.archive.org

"The eruption of Krakatoa, August 27, 1883". Commonwealth of Australia 2012, Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
"How Volcanoes Work - Krakatau, Indonesia 1883". Archived from the original on 13 August 2008.
"How Volcanoes Work - Krakatau, Indonesia 1883". Archived from the original on 13 August 2008.
"How Volcanoes Work - Krakatau, Indonesia 1883". Archived from the original on 13 August 2008.
"How Volcanoes Work – Krakatau, Indonesia 1883". Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University. Archived from the original on 13 August 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
University of Minnesota. "With a Bang: Not a Whimper" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 June 2010.
"Los Angeles and San Diego rainfall" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
"Blue Moon". NASA Science. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2013.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Krakatoa" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 923.

worldcat.org

Press, Frank (November 1956). "Volcanoes, ice, and destructive waves" (PDF). Engineering and Science. 20 (2): 26–30. ISSN 0013-7812. Retrieved 5 April 2007. Fortunately, the tide gauges of 1883 were sufficiently well designed to provide fairly good records of the Krakatoa waves. Thus we have instrumental data for the Krakatoa sea waves from such widely separated places as Honolulu, San Francisco, Colon, South Georgia and English Channel ports.
Pararas-Carayannis, George (2003). "Near and far-field effects of tsunamis generated by the paroxysmal eruptions, explosions, caldera collapses and massive slope failures of the Krakatau volcano in Indonesia on August 26–27, 1883" (PDF). Science of Tsunami Hazards. Vol. 21, no. 4. The Tsunami Society. pp. 191–201. ISSN 8755-6839. Retrieved 29 December 2007.
Bradley, Raymond S. (June 1988). "The explosive volcanic eruption signal in northern hemisphere continental temperature records" (PDF). Climatic Change. 12 (3): 221–243. Bibcode:1988ClCh...12..221B. doi:10.1007/bf00139431. ISSN 0165-0009. S2CID 153757349 – via Springer.
Self, Stephen; Rampino, Michael R. (1981). "The 1883 eruption of Krakatau". Nature. 294 (5843): 699–704. Bibcode:1981Natur.294..699S. doi:10.1038/294699a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4340524.

zenodo.org

Bishop, S.E. (29 January 1885). "Krakatoa". Nature. 31 (796): 288–289. Bibcode:1885Natur..31..288B. doi:10.1038/031288b0.