1988 Armenian earthquake (English Wikipedia)

Brand, David; Blackman, Ann; Hofheinz, Paul; Mader, B. William (December 26, 1988). "Soviet Union Vision of Horror". Time. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013. Retrieved August 10, 2012.(subscription required)

armenews.com

Eckian, Jean (January 12, 2012). "Story of Charles Aznavour's "For you Armenia"". Armenie Magazine. Archived from the original on February 13, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2012.

armenianow.com

Harutyunyan, Arpi (December 7, 2007). "Still Recovering: A visit to the 1988 "center of the epicenter"". ArmeniaNow. Archived from the original on July 10, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2014.

books.google.com

Verluise 1995, pp. 3–5, 16–17 Verluise, Pierre (April 1995), Armenia in Crisis: The 1988 Earthquake, Wayne State University Press, ISBN 978-0-8143-2527-8
Yeats, Robert (2012), Active Faults of the World, Cambridge University Press, p. 310, ISBN 978-0-521-19085-5
Verluise 1995, pp. 26, 27 Verluise, Pierre (April 1995), Armenia in Crisis: The 1988 Earthquake, Wayne State University Press, ISBN 978-0-8143-2527-8
Verluise 1995, pp. 19, 24 Verluise, Pierre (April 1995), Armenia in Crisis: The 1988 Earthquake, Wayne State University Press, ISBN 978-0-8143-2527-8
Verluise 1995, p. 31 Verluise, Pierre (April 1995), Armenia in Crisis: The 1988 Earthquake, Wayne State University Press, ISBN 978-0-8143-2527-8

doi.org

Wood et al. 1993, p. 256 Wood, P.R.; Berrill, J.B.; Gillon, N.R.; North, P.J. (September 1993), "Earthquake of 7 December 1988, Spitak, Armenia report of the NZNSEE team visit of 1989" (PDF), Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 26 (3): 253–283, doi:10.5459/bnzsee.26.3.253-283
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved March 19, 2024.
Cisternas et al. 1989, p. 675 Cisternas, A.; Philip, H.; Bousquet, J. C.; Cara, M.; Deschamps, A.; Dorbath, L.; Dorbath, C.; Haessler, H.; Jimenez, E.; Nercessian, A.; Rivera, L.; Romanowicz, B.; Gvishiani, A.; Shebalin, N. V.; Aptekman, I.; Arefiev, S.; Borisov, B. A.; Gorshkov, A.; Graizer, V.; Lander, A.; Pletnev, K.; Rogozhin, A. I.; Tatevossian, R. (1989), "The Spitak (Armenia) earthquake of 7 December 1988: field observations, seismology and tectonics" (PDF), Nature, 339 (6227): 675–679, Bibcode:1989Natur.339..675C, doi:10.1038/339675a0, S2CID 4321102
Wood et al. 1993, p. 259 Wood, P.R.; Berrill, J.B.; Gillon, N.R.; North, P.J. (September 1993), "Earthquake of 7 December 1988, Spitak, Armenia report of the NZNSEE team visit of 1989" (PDF), Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 26 (3): 253–283, doi:10.5459/bnzsee.26.3.253-283
Cisternas et al. 1989, p. 676 Cisternas, A.; Philip, H.; Bousquet, J. C.; Cara, M.; Deschamps, A.; Dorbath, L.; Dorbath, C.; Haessler, H.; Jimenez, E.; Nercessian, A.; Rivera, L.; Romanowicz, B.; Gvishiani, A.; Shebalin, N. V.; Aptekman, I.; Arefiev, S.; Borisov, B. A.; Gorshkov, A.; Graizer, V.; Lander, A.; Pletnev, K.; Rogozhin, A. I.; Tatevossian, R. (1989), "The Spitak (Armenia) earthquake of 7 December 1988: field observations, seismology and tectonics" (PDF), Nature, 339 (6227): 675–679, Bibcode:1989Natur.339..675C, doi:10.1038/339675a0, S2CID 4321102
Wood et al. 1993, p. 253 Wood, P.R.; Berrill, J.B.; Gillon, N.R.; North, P.J. (September 1993), "Earthquake of 7 December 1988, Spitak, Armenia report of the NZNSEE team visit of 1989" (PDF), Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 26 (3): 253–283, doi:10.5459/bnzsee.26.3.253-283
Armenian, Haroutune K.; Melkonian, Arthur; Noji, Eric K.; Hovanesian, Ashot P. (1997). "Deaths and Injuries due to the Earthquake in Armenia – A Cohort Approach". International Journal of Epidemiology. 26 (4): 806–813. doi:10.1093/ije/26.4.806. PMID 9279613.
Wood et al. 1993, p. 265 Wood, P.R.; Berrill, J.B.; Gillon, N.R.; North, P.J. (September 1993), "Earthquake of 7 December 1988, Spitak, Armenia report of the NZNSEE team visit of 1989" (PDF), Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 26 (3): 253–283, doi:10.5459/bnzsee.26.3.253-283
Dorbath et al. 1992, pp. 309–311 Dorbath, L.; Dorbath, C.; Rivera, L.; Fuenzalida, A.; Cisternas, A.; Tatevossian, R.; Aptekman, J.; Arefiev, S. (January 1992), "Geometry, segmentation and stress regime of the Spitak (Armenia) earthquake from the analysis of the aftershock sequence", Geophysical Journal International, 108 (1): 309–328, Bibcode:1992GeoJI.108..309D, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1992.tb00860.x
Dorbath et al. 1992, pp. 312, 318, 321 Dorbath, L.; Dorbath, C.; Rivera, L.; Fuenzalida, A.; Cisternas, A.; Tatevossian, R.; Aptekman, J.; Arefiev, S. (January 1992), "Geometry, segmentation and stress regime of the Spitak (Armenia) earthquake from the analysis of the aftershock sequence", Geophysical Journal International, 108 (1): 309–328, Bibcode:1992GeoJI.108..309D, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1992.tb00860.x
Yegian, Ghahraman & Harutiunyan 1994, pp. 581, 582 Yegian, M.; Ghahraman, V.; Harutiunyan, R (March 1994), "Liquefaction and Embankment Failure Case Histories, 1988 Armenia Earthquake", Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 120 (3): 581–596, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:3(581)
Yegian, Ghahraman & Harutiunyan 1994, pp. 583–591 Yegian, M.; Ghahraman, V.; Harutiunyan, R (March 1994), "Liquefaction and Embankment Failure Case Histories, 1988 Armenia Earthquake", Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 120 (3): 581–596, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:3(581)

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Cisternas et al. 1989, p. 675 Cisternas, A.; Philip, H.; Bousquet, J. C.; Cara, M.; Deschamps, A.; Dorbath, L.; Dorbath, C.; Haessler, H.; Jimenez, E.; Nercessian, A.; Rivera, L.; Romanowicz, B.; Gvishiani, A.; Shebalin, N. V.; Aptekman, I.; Arefiev, S.; Borisov, B. A.; Gorshkov, A.; Graizer, V.; Lander, A.; Pletnev, K.; Rogozhin, A. I.; Tatevossian, R. (1989), "The Spitak (Armenia) earthquake of 7 December 1988: field observations, seismology and tectonics" (PDF), Nature, 339 (6227): 675–679, Bibcode:1989Natur.339..675C, doi:10.1038/339675a0, S2CID 4321102
Cisternas et al. 1989, p. 676 Cisternas, A.; Philip, H.; Bousquet, J. C.; Cara, M.; Deschamps, A.; Dorbath, L.; Dorbath, C.; Haessler, H.; Jimenez, E.; Nercessian, A.; Rivera, L.; Romanowicz, B.; Gvishiani, A.; Shebalin, N. V.; Aptekman, I.; Arefiev, S.; Borisov, B. A.; Gorshkov, A.; Graizer, V.; Lander, A.; Pletnev, K.; Rogozhin, A. I.; Tatevossian, R. (1989), "The Spitak (Armenia) earthquake of 7 December 1988: field observations, seismology and tectonics" (PDF), Nature, 339 (6227): 675–679, Bibcode:1989Natur.339..675C, doi:10.1038/339675a0, S2CID 4321102
Dorbath et al. 1992, pp. 309–311 Dorbath, L.; Dorbath, C.; Rivera, L.; Fuenzalida, A.; Cisternas, A.; Tatevossian, R.; Aptekman, J.; Arefiev, S. (January 1992), "Geometry, segmentation and stress regime of the Spitak (Armenia) earthquake from the analysis of the aftershock sequence", Geophysical Journal International, 108 (1): 309–328, Bibcode:1992GeoJI.108..309D, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1992.tb00860.x
Dorbath et al. 1992, pp. 312, 318, 321 Dorbath, L.; Dorbath, C.; Rivera, L.; Fuenzalida, A.; Cisternas, A.; Tatevossian, R.; Aptekman, J.; Arefiev, S. (January 1992), "Geometry, segmentation and stress regime of the Spitak (Armenia) earthquake from the analysis of the aftershock sequence", Geophysical Journal International, 108 (1): 309–328, Bibcode:1992GeoJI.108..309D, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1992.tb00860.x

highbeam.com

Katell, Andrew (February 12, 1989). "Life amid the ruins: Armenians rebuild". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2012.(subscription required)
Forgey, Benjamin (July 1, 1989). "In Armenia, Revival the American Way; U.S. Architects Plan an Earthquake-Resistant Spitak". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2012.(subscription required)

ird.fr

horizon.documentation.ird.fr

Cisternas et al. 1989, p. 675 Cisternas, A.; Philip, H.; Bousquet, J. C.; Cara, M.; Deschamps, A.; Dorbath, L.; Dorbath, C.; Haessler, H.; Jimenez, E.; Nercessian, A.; Rivera, L.; Romanowicz, B.; Gvishiani, A.; Shebalin, N. V.; Aptekman, I.; Arefiev, S.; Borisov, B. A.; Gorshkov, A.; Graizer, V.; Lander, A.; Pletnev, K.; Rogozhin, A. I.; Tatevossian, R. (1989), "The Spitak (Armenia) earthquake of 7 December 1988: field observations, seismology and tectonics" (PDF), Nature, 339 (6227): 675–679, Bibcode:1989Natur.339..675C, doi:10.1038/339675a0, S2CID 4321102
Cisternas et al. 1989, p. 676 Cisternas, A.; Philip, H.; Bousquet, J. C.; Cara, M.; Deschamps, A.; Dorbath, L.; Dorbath, C.; Haessler, H.; Jimenez, E.; Nercessian, A.; Rivera, L.; Romanowicz, B.; Gvishiani, A.; Shebalin, N. V.; Aptekman, I.; Arefiev, S.; Borisov, B. A.; Gorshkov, A.; Graizer, V.; Lander, A.; Pletnev, K.; Rogozhin, A. I.; Tatevossian, R. (1989), "The Spitak (Armenia) earthquake of 7 December 1988: field observations, seismology and tectonics" (PDF), Nature, 339 (6227): 675–679, Bibcode:1989Natur.339..675C, doi:10.1038/339675a0, S2CID 4321102

kavkaz-uzel.eu

Mikayelyan, Hrant (December 9, 2017). "Сколько на самом деле погибло людей в результате спитакского землетрясения?" (in Russian). Caucasian Knot. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Таким образом, численность погибших следует оценивать в 38 тыс. чел.

latimes.com

"Yugoslav Pilots Blamed in Crash of Quake Relief Plane". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. December 24, 1988. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
Malnic, Eric (December 11, 1988). "Hammer Flies Supplies to Quake Area". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
Parks, Michael (July 23, 1989). "Faucets, Not Hospitals : Armenia Aid Gets Back to the Basics". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
Whiteson, Leon (April 21, 1989). "Out of Earthquake's Rubble Rises Soviet-U.S. Teamwork". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 23, 2012.

mikroregionkahan.cz

"Mikroregion Kahan – Razič, střelmistr a špičkový báňský záchranář "Čimča" pomáhal i obětem obřího zemětřesení. Pak se z horníka stal hospodský". mikroregionkahan.cz. Retrieved December 7, 2023.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Armenian, Haroutune K.; Melkonian, Arthur; Noji, Eric K.; Hovanesian, Ashot P. (1997). "Deaths and Injuries due to the Earthquake in Armenia – A Cohort Approach". International Journal of Epidemiology. 26 (4): 806–813. doi:10.1093/ije/26.4.806. PMID 9279613.

noaa.gov

ngdc.noaa.gov

National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved March 19, 2024.

nytimes.com

Fein, Esther B. (December 10, 1988). "Soviet aides say deaths in quake may reach 50,000". The New York Times. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
Whitney, Craig R. (January 13, 1989). "6 Found Alive in Armenia 35 Days After Quake". The New York Times. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
Keller, Bill (December 16, 1988). "As Hope Dies, Quake Rescuers Pull Out". The New York Times. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
Taubman, Philip (December 12, 1988). "Soviet Relief Plane Crashes, Killing 78". The New York Times. Retrieved August 10, 2012.

nzsee.org.nz

Wood et al. 1993, p. 256 Wood, P.R.; Berrill, J.B.; Gillon, N.R.; North, P.J. (September 1993), "Earthquake of 7 December 1988, Spitak, Armenia report of the NZNSEE team visit of 1989" (PDF), Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 26 (3): 253–283, doi:10.5459/bnzsee.26.3.253-283
Wood et al. 1993, p. 259 Wood, P.R.; Berrill, J.B.; Gillon, N.R.; North, P.J. (September 1993), "Earthquake of 7 December 1988, Spitak, Armenia report of the NZNSEE team visit of 1989" (PDF), Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 26 (3): 253–283, doi:10.5459/bnzsee.26.3.253-283
Wood et al. 1993, p. 253 Wood, P.R.; Berrill, J.B.; Gillon, N.R.; North, P.J. (September 1993), "Earthquake of 7 December 1988, Spitak, Armenia report of the NZNSEE team visit of 1989" (PDF), Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 26 (3): 253–283, doi:10.5459/bnzsee.26.3.253-283
Wood et al. 1993, p. 265 Wood, P.R.; Berrill, J.B.; Gillon, N.R.; North, P.J. (September 1993), "Earthquake of 7 December 1988, Spitak, Armenia report of the NZNSEE team visit of 1989" (PDF), Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 26 (3): 253–283, doi:10.5459/bnzsee.26.3.253-283

questia.com

Monastersky, Richard (January 21, 1989). "Lessons and questions emerge from Armenian quake". Science News. Retrieved September 2, 2012.(subscription required)

reliefweb.int

"USSR Earthquake Dec 1988 UNDRO Situation Reports 1-14 – Armenia | ReliefWeb". ReliefWeb. December 8, 1988. Retrieved December 7, 2023.

rferl.org

Baumgartner, Pete (December 7, 2018). "Fake News, Soviet-Style: The Armenian Earthquake Rescue That Was Too Good To Be True". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved December 8, 2018.
RFE/RL (November 12, 2010). "Russia 'Concerned' About Armenian Protests of Foreign-Language Schools". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved August 18, 2012.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Cisternas et al. 1989, p. 675 Cisternas, A.; Philip, H.; Bousquet, J. C.; Cara, M.; Deschamps, A.; Dorbath, L.; Dorbath, C.; Haessler, H.; Jimenez, E.; Nercessian, A.; Rivera, L.; Romanowicz, B.; Gvishiani, A.; Shebalin, N. V.; Aptekman, I.; Arefiev, S.; Borisov, B. A.; Gorshkov, A.; Graizer, V.; Lander, A.; Pletnev, K.; Rogozhin, A. I.; Tatevossian, R. (1989), "The Spitak (Armenia) earthquake of 7 December 1988: field observations, seismology and tectonics" (PDF), Nature, 339 (6227): 675–679, Bibcode:1989Natur.339..675C, doi:10.1038/339675a0, S2CID 4321102
Cisternas et al. 1989, p. 676 Cisternas, A.; Philip, H.; Bousquet, J. C.; Cara, M.; Deschamps, A.; Dorbath, L.; Dorbath, C.; Haessler, H.; Jimenez, E.; Nercessian, A.; Rivera, L.; Romanowicz, B.; Gvishiani, A.; Shebalin, N. V.; Aptekman, I.; Arefiev, S.; Borisov, B. A.; Gorshkov, A.; Graizer, V.; Lander, A.; Pletnev, K.; Rogozhin, A. I.; Tatevossian, R. (1989), "The Spitak (Armenia) earthquake of 7 December 1988: field observations, seismology and tectonics" (PDF), Nature, 339 (6227): 675–679, Bibcode:1989Natur.339..675C, doi:10.1038/339675a0, S2CID 4321102

theguardian.com

Stoddard, Katy (January 13, 2010). "All the deadliest and strongest earthquakes since 1900, including coordinates". The Guardian. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

time.com

Brand, David; Blackman, Ann; Hofheinz, Paul; Mader, B. William (December 26, 1988). "Soviet Union Vision of Horror". Time. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013. Retrieved August 10, 2012.(subscription required)
Brand, David; Blackman, Ann (December 19, 1988). "Soviet Union: When the Earth Shook – A killer quake devastates Armenia, and the West responds with unprecedented aid". Time. Archived from the original on February 20, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2012.(subscription required)

usgs.gov

neic.usgs.gov

"USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: Earthquake Facts and Statistics Graphs". September 25, 2006. Archived from the original on September 25, 2006. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
"Earthquake Hazards Program: Largest and Deadliest Earthquakes by Year". September 25, 2006. Archived from the original on September 25, 2006. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

washingtonpost.com

Hiatt, Fred (May 28, 1995). "Armenia's Nuclear Risk; Antiquated Power Station to Be Reopened Despite Wide Concerns About Safety". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 3, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2012.

web.archive.org

Harutyunyan, Arpi (December 7, 2007). "Still Recovering: A visit to the 1988 "center of the epicenter"". ArmeniaNow. Archived from the original on July 10, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
Mikayelyan, Hrant (December 9, 2017). "Сколько на самом деле погибло людей в результате спитакского землетрясения?" (in Russian). Caucasian Knot. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Таким образом, численность погибших следует оценивать в 38 тыс. чел.
Hiatt, Fred (May 28, 1995). "Armenia's Nuclear Risk; Antiquated Power Station to Be Reopened Despite Wide Concerns About Safety". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 3, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
"USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: Earthquake Facts and Statistics Graphs". September 25, 2006. Archived from the original on September 25, 2006. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
"Earthquake Hazards Program: Largest and Deadliest Earthquakes by Year". September 25, 2006. Archived from the original on September 25, 2006. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
Eckian, Jean (January 12, 2012). "Story of Charles Aznavour's "For you Armenia"". Armenie Magazine. Archived from the original on February 13, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
Brand, David; Blackman, Ann (December 19, 1988). "Soviet Union: When the Earth Shook – A killer quake devastates Armenia, and the West responds with unprecedented aid". Time. Archived from the original on February 20, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2012.(subscription required)
Katell, Andrew (February 12, 1989). "Life amid the ruins: Armenians rebuild". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2012.(subscription required)
Forgey, Benjamin (July 1, 1989). "In Armenia, Revival the American Way; U.S. Architects Plan an Earthquake-Resistant Spitak". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2012.(subscription required)