20th century in science (English Wikipedia)

First total synthesis of taxol 1. Functionalization of the B ring Robert A. Holton, Carmen Somoza, Hyeong Baik Kim, Feng Liang, Ronald J. Biediger, P. Douglas Boatman, Mitsuru Shindo, Chase C. Smith, Soekchan Kim, et al.; J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 1994; 116(4); 1597–1598. DOI Abstract
First total synthesis of taxol. 2. Completion of the C and D rings Robert A. Holton, Hyeong Baik Kim, Carmen Somoza, Feng Liang, Ronald J. Biediger, P. Douglas Boatman, Mitsuru Shindo, Chase C. Smith, Soekchan Kim, and et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 1994; 116(4) pp 1599–1600 DOI Abstract
A synthesis of taxusin Robert A. Holton, R. R. Juo, Hyeong B. Kim, Andrew D. Williams, Shinya Harusawa, Richard E. Lowenthal, Sadamu Yogai J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 1988; 110(19); 6558–6560. Abstract

aip.org

history.aip.org

Spencer Weart (2011). "Changing Sun, Changing Climate". The Discovery of Global Warming.
Spencer Weart (2011). "Past Climate Cycles: Ice Age Speculations". The Discovery of Global Warming.
Spencer Weart (2011). "General Circulation Models of Climate". The Discovery of Global Warming.

aist.go.jp

"Benjamin Franklin Medal awarded to Dr. Sumio Iijima, Director of the Research Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, AIST". National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. 2002. Archived from the original on 2007-04-04. Retrieved 2007-03-27.

ams.org

Mathematics Subject Classification 2000

archive.org

Science and the Challenges Ahead. Report of the National Science Board. Washington, D.C. : National Science Board, National Science Foundation. 1974.

books.google.com

Dana Andrew Nuccitelli (3 March 2015). Climatology versus Pseudoscience: Exposing the Failed Predictions of Global Warming Skeptics. Nature. pp. 22–25. ISBN 9781440832024.

cmos.ca

WMO (World Meteorological Organization) (1989). The Changing Atmosphere: Implications for Global Security, Toronto, Canada, 27–30 June 1988: Conference Proceedings (PDF). Geneva: Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-29.

db-thueringen.de

R. Döpel, "Über die geophysikalische Schranke der industriellen Energieerzeugung." Wissenschaftl. Zeitschrift der Technischen Hochschule Ilmenau, ISSN 0043-6917, Bd. 19 (1973, H.2), 37–52. online.
H. Arnold, "Robert Döpel and his Model of Global Warming. An Early Warning – and its Update." Universitätsverlag Ilmenau (Germany) 2013. ISBN 978-3-86360 063-1 online

denisdutton.com

Peter Gwynne (1975). "The Cooling World" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-20. Retrieved 2020-06-17.

dgvn.de

"Declaration of the World Climate Conference" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 28 June 2009.

doi.org

Catalyse de transformation des oléfines par les complexes du tungstène. II. Télomérisation des oléfines cycliques en présence d'oléfines acycliques Die Makromolekulare Chemie Volume 141, Issue 1, Date: 9 February 1971, Pages: 161–176 Par Jean-Louis Hérisson, Yves Chauvin doi:10.1002/macp.1971.021410112
Katsuki, T.; Sharpless, K. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5974. (doi:10.1021/ja00538a077)
Jacobsen, E. N.; Marko, I.; Mungall, W. S.; Schroeder, G.; Sharpless, K. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 1968. (doi:10.1021/ja00214a053)
Kolb, H. C.; Van Nieuwenhze, M. S.; Sharpless, K. B. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2483–2547. (Review) (doi:10.1021/cr00032a009)
Sharpless, K. B.; Patrick, D. W.; Truesdale, L. K.; Biller, S. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 2305. (doi:10.1021/ja00841a071)
Herranz, E.; Biller, S. A.; Sharpless, K. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 3596–3598. (doi:10.1021/ja00479a051)
Holmes, Arthur (1931). "Radioactivity and Earth Movements" (PDF). Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow. 18 (3). Geological Society of Glasgow: 559–606. doi:10.1144/transglas.18.3.559. S2CID 122872384.
Wilson, J.T> (1963). "Hypothesis on the Earth's behaviour". Nature. 198 (4884): 849–65. Bibcode:1963Natur.198..849H. doi:10.1038/198849a0. S2CID 4209203.
Wilson, J. Tuzo (1965). "A new class of faults and their bearing on continental drift". Nature. 207 (4995): 343–47. Bibcode:1965Natur.207..343W. doi:10.1038/207343a0. S2CID 4294401.
Manabe S.; Wetherald R. T. (1967). "Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 24 (3): 241–259. Bibcode:1967JAtS...24..241M. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1967)024<0241:teotaw>2.0.co;2.
William D. Sellers (1969). "A Global Climatic Model Based on the Energy Balance of the Earth-Atmosphere System". Journal of Applied Meteorology. 8 (3): 392–400. Bibcode:1969JApMe...8..392S. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1969)008<0392:AGCMBO>2.0.CO;2.
Jonathan D. Oldfield (2016). "Mikhail Budyko's (1920–2001) contributions to Global Climate Science: from heat balances to climate change and global ecology". Advanced Review. 7 (5): 682–692. doi:10.1002/wcc.412.
Peterson, T.C.; W.M. Connolley; J. Fleck (2008). "The Myth of the 1970s Global Cooling Scientific Consensus" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 89 (9): 1325–1337. Bibcode:2008BAMS...89.1325P. doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2370.1. S2CID 123635044.
J. S. Sawyer (1 September 1972). "Man-made Carbon Dioxide and the "Greenhouse" Effect". Nature. 239 (5366): 23–26. Bibcode:1972Natur.239...23S. doi:10.1038/239023a0. S2CID 4180899.
Neville Nicholls (30 August 2007). "Climate: Sawyer predicted rate of warming in 1972". Nature. 448 (7157): 992. Bibcode:2007Natur.448..992N. doi:10.1038/448992c. PMID 17728736.
Chaisson E. J. (2008). "Long-Term Global Heating from Energy Usage". Eos. 89 (28): 253–260. Bibcode:2008EOSTr..89..253C. doi:10.1029/2008eo280001.
Flanner, M. G. (2009). "Integrating anthropogenic heat flux with global climate models". Geophys. Res. Lett. 36 (2): L02801. Bibcode:2009GeoRL..36.2801F. doi:10.1029/2008GL036465.
Manabe S.; Wetherald R. T. (1975). "The Effects of Doubling the CO2 Concentration on the Climate of a General Circulation Model". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 32 (3): 3–15. Bibcode:1975JAtS...32....3M. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<0003:teodtc>2.0.co;2.
National Research Council (1979). Carbon Dioxide and Climate:A Scientific Assessment. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/12181. ISBN 978-0-309-11910-8.
Hansen, J.; et al. (1981). "Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide". Science. 231 (4511): 957–966. Bibcode:1981Sci...213..957H. doi:10.1126/science.213.4511.957. PMID 17789014. S2CID 20971423.
Dansgaard W.; et al. (1982). "A New Greenland Deep Ice Core". Science. 218 (4579): 1273–77. Bibcode:1982Sci...218.1273D. doi:10.1126/science.218.4579.1273. PMID 17770148. S2CID 35224174.
Lorius Claude; et al. (1985). "A 150,000-Year Climatic Record from Antarctic Ice". Nature. 316 (6029): 591–596. Bibcode:1985Natur.316..591L. doi:10.1038/316591a0. S2CID 4368173.

guardian.co.uk

image.guardian.co.uk

"Statement of Dr. James Hansen, Director, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies" (PDF). The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 June 2009.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Wilson, J.T> (1963). "Hypothesis on the Earth's behaviour". Nature. 198 (4884): 849–65. Bibcode:1963Natur.198..849H. doi:10.1038/198849a0. S2CID 4209203.
Wilson, J. Tuzo (1965). "A new class of faults and their bearing on continental drift". Nature. 207 (4995): 343–47. Bibcode:1965Natur.207..343W. doi:10.1038/207343a0. S2CID 4294401.
Manabe S.; Wetherald R. T. (1967). "Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 24 (3): 241–259. Bibcode:1967JAtS...24..241M. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1967)024<0241:teotaw>2.0.co;2.
William D. Sellers (1969). "A Global Climatic Model Based on the Energy Balance of the Earth-Atmosphere System". Journal of Applied Meteorology. 8 (3): 392–400. Bibcode:1969JApMe...8..392S. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1969)008<0392:AGCMBO>2.0.CO;2.
Peterson, T.C.; W.M. Connolley; J. Fleck (2008). "The Myth of the 1970s Global Cooling Scientific Consensus" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 89 (9): 1325–1337. Bibcode:2008BAMS...89.1325P. doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2370.1. S2CID 123635044.
J. S. Sawyer (1 September 1972). "Man-made Carbon Dioxide and the "Greenhouse" Effect". Nature. 239 (5366): 23–26. Bibcode:1972Natur.239...23S. doi:10.1038/239023a0. S2CID 4180899.
Neville Nicholls (30 August 2007). "Climate: Sawyer predicted rate of warming in 1972". Nature. 448 (7157): 992. Bibcode:2007Natur.448..992N. doi:10.1038/448992c. PMID 17728736.
Chaisson E. J. (2008). "Long-Term Global Heating from Energy Usage". Eos. 89 (28): 253–260. Bibcode:2008EOSTr..89..253C. doi:10.1029/2008eo280001.
Flanner, M. G. (2009). "Integrating anthropogenic heat flux with global climate models". Geophys. Res. Lett. 36 (2): L02801. Bibcode:2009GeoRL..36.2801F. doi:10.1029/2008GL036465.
Manabe S.; Wetherald R. T. (1975). "The Effects of Doubling the CO2 Concentration on the Climate of a General Circulation Model". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 32 (3): 3–15. Bibcode:1975JAtS...32....3M. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<0003:teodtc>2.0.co;2.
Hansen, J.; et al. (1981). "Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide". Science. 231 (4511): 957–966. Bibcode:1981Sci...213..957H. doi:10.1126/science.213.4511.957. PMID 17789014. S2CID 20971423.
Dansgaard W.; et al. (1982). "A New Greenland Deep Ice Core". Science. 218 (4579): 1273–77. Bibcode:1982Sci...218.1273D. doi:10.1126/science.218.4579.1273. PMID 17770148. S2CID 35224174.
Lorius Claude; et al. (1985). "A 150,000-Year Climatic Record from Antarctic Ice". Nature. 316 (6029): 591–596. Bibcode:1985Natur.316..591L. doi:10.1038/316591a0. S2CID 4368173.

nrs.harvard.edu

Chaisson E. J. (2008). "Long-Term Global Heating from Energy Usage". Eos. 89 (28): 253–260. Bibcode:2008EOSTr..89..253C. doi:10.1029/2008eo280001.

ipcc.ch

"IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change". ipcc.ch.

mantleplumes.org

Holmes, Arthur (1931). "Radioactivity and Earth Movements" (PDF). Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow. 18 (3). Geological Society of Glasgow: 559–606. doi:10.1144/transglas.18.3.559. S2CID 122872384.
Hess, H. H. (1 November 1962). "History of Ocean Basins" (PDF). In A. E. J. Engel; Harold L. James; B. F. Leonard (eds.). Petrologic studies: a volume in honor of A. F. Buddington. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America. pp. 599–620.

nasa.gov

pubs.giss.nasa.gov

Hansen, J.; et al. (1981). "Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide". Science. 231 (4511): 957–966. Bibcode:1981Sci...213..957H. doi:10.1126/science.213.4511.957. PMID 17789014. S2CID 20971423.

nasa.gov

Brown, Dwayne; Cabbage, Michael; McCarthy, Leslie; Norton, Karen (20 January 2016). "NASA, NOAA Analyses Reveal Record-Shattering Global Warm Temperatures in 2015". NASA. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

nature.com

Watson, J. and Crick, F., "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids" Nature, April 25, 1953, p 737–8

nerc.ac.uk

nora.nerc.ac.uk

Peterson, T.C.; W.M. Connolley; J. Fleck (2008). "The Myth of the 1970s Global Cooling Scientific Consensus" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 89 (9): 1325–1337. Bibcode:2008BAMS...89.1325P. doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2370.1. S2CID 123635044.

newsweek.com

Jerry Adler (23 October 2006). "Climate Change: Prediction Perils". Newsweek.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Neville Nicholls (30 August 2007). "Climate: Sawyer predicted rate of warming in 1972". Nature. 448 (7157): 992. Bibcode:2007Natur.448..992N. doi:10.1038/448992c. PMID 17728736.
Hansen, J.; et al. (1981). "Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide". Science. 231 (4511): 957–966. Bibcode:1981Sci...213..957H. doi:10.1126/science.213.4511.957. PMID 17789014. S2CID 20971423.
Dansgaard W.; et al. (1982). "A New Greenland Deep Ice Core". Science. 218 (4579): 1273–77. Bibcode:1982Sci...218.1273D. doi:10.1126/science.218.4579.1273. PMID 17770148. S2CID 35224174.

nist.gov

"Cornell and Wieman Share 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics". NIST News Release. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-06-10. Retrieved 2007-03-27.

nobelprize.org

"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962". NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996". Nobelprize.org. The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-02-28.

orgsyn.org

Hill, J. G.; Sharpless, K. B.; Exon, C. M.; Regenye, R. Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. 7, p.461 (1990); Vol. 63, p.66 (1985). (Article)
Gonzalez, J.; Aurigemma, C.; Truesdale, L. Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. 10, p.603 (2004); Vol. 79, p.93 (2002). (Article Archived 2010-08-24 at the Wayback Machine)
Herranz, E.; Sharpless, K. B. Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. 7, p.375 (1990); Vol. 61, p.85 (1983). (Article Archived 2012-10-20 at the Wayback Machine)

sciencehistory.org

"James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin". Science History Institute. June 2016. Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.

scopenvironment.org

World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) (1986). "Report of the International Conference on the assessment of the role of carbon dioxide and of other greenhouse gases in climate variations and associated impacts". Villach, Austria. Archived from the original on 21 November 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2009.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Holmes, Arthur (1931). "Radioactivity and Earth Movements" (PDF). Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow. 18 (3). Geological Society of Glasgow: 559–606. doi:10.1144/transglas.18.3.559. S2CID 122872384.
Wilson, J.T> (1963). "Hypothesis on the Earth's behaviour". Nature. 198 (4884): 849–65. Bibcode:1963Natur.198..849H. doi:10.1038/198849a0. S2CID 4209203.
Wilson, J. Tuzo (1965). "A new class of faults and their bearing on continental drift". Nature. 207 (4995): 343–47. Bibcode:1965Natur.207..343W. doi:10.1038/207343a0. S2CID 4294401.
Peterson, T.C.; W.M. Connolley; J. Fleck (2008). "The Myth of the 1970s Global Cooling Scientific Consensus" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 89 (9): 1325–1337. Bibcode:2008BAMS...89.1325P. doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2370.1. S2CID 123635044.
J. S. Sawyer (1 September 1972). "Man-made Carbon Dioxide and the "Greenhouse" Effect". Nature. 239 (5366): 23–26. Bibcode:1972Natur.239...23S. doi:10.1038/239023a0. S2CID 4180899.
Hansen, J.; et al. (1981). "Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide". Science. 231 (4511): 957–966. Bibcode:1981Sci...213..957H. doi:10.1126/science.213.4511.957. PMID 17789014. S2CID 20971423.
Dansgaard W.; et al. (1982). "A New Greenland Deep Ice Core". Science. 218 (4579): 1273–77. Bibcode:1982Sci...218.1273D. doi:10.1126/science.218.4579.1273. PMID 17770148. S2CID 35224174.
Lorius Claude; et al. (1985). "A 150,000-Year Climatic Record from Antarctic Ice". Nature. 316 (6029): 591–596. Bibcode:1985Natur.316..591L. doi:10.1038/316591a0. S2CID 4368173.

smokeandfumes.org

E. Robinson; R.C. Robbins (1968). "Smoke & Fumes, Sources, Abundance & Fate of Atmospheric Pollutants". Stanford Research Institute.

web.archive.org

"James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin". Science History Institute. June 2016. Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
Gonzalez, J.; Aurigemma, C.; Truesdale, L. Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. 10, p.603 (2004); Vol. 79, p.93 (2002). (Article Archived 2010-08-24 at the Wayback Machine)
Herranz, E.; Sharpless, K. B. Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. 7, p.375 (1990); Vol. 61, p.85 (1983). (Article Archived 2012-10-20 at the Wayback Machine)
"Benjamin Franklin Medal awarded to Dr. Sumio Iijima, Director of the Research Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, AIST". National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. 2002. Archived from the original on 2007-04-04. Retrieved 2007-03-27.
"Cornell and Wieman Share 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics". NIST News Release. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-06-10. Retrieved 2007-03-27.
Peter Gwynne (1975). "The Cooling World" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-20. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) (1986). "Report of the International Conference on the assessment of the role of carbon dioxide and of other greenhouse gases in climate variations and associated impacts". Villach, Austria. Archived from the original on 21 November 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2009.
WMO (World Meteorological Organization) (1989). The Changing Atmosphere: Implications for Global Security, Toronto, Canada, 27–30 June 1988: Conference Proceedings (PDF). Geneva: Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-29.

windows2universe.org

The Miller Urey Experiment – Windows to the Universe

wmconnolley.org.uk

W M Connolley. "The 1975 US National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council Report". Retrieved 28 June 2009.

worldcat.org

R. Döpel, "Über die geophysikalische Schranke der industriellen Energieerzeugung." Wissenschaftl. Zeitschrift der Technischen Hochschule Ilmenau, ISSN 0043-6917, Bd. 19 (1973, H.2), 37–52. online.

yalescientific.org

"Ice in Action: Sea ice at the North Pole has something to say about climate change". YaleScientific. 2016.

zapatopi.net

Thomson, Sir William (1862). "On the Age of the Sun's Heat". Macmillan's Magazine. 5: 288–293.