Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) (English Wikipedia)

Askary, Sitarah Mohammadi,Sajjad. "Why the Hazara people fear genocide in Afghanistan". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2023-07-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

amnesty.org

Afghanistan: Further Information on Fear for Safety and New Concern: Deliberate and Arbitrary Killings: Civilians in Kabul (Report). Amnesty International. November 16, 1995. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2018.

arabnews.com

archive.arabnews.com

Rasooldeen, Mohammed (January 22, 2007). "Saudi-Pak Talks Focus on ME". Arab News. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011.

archive.org

Goodson, Larry P. (2002). Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics and the Rise of the Taliban. University of Washington Press. pp. 111. ISBN 978-0295981116. Pakistani support for the Taliban included direct and indirect military involvement, logistical support
Nojumi, Neamatollah (2002). The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Mass Mobilization, Civil War, and the Future of the Region. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-29584-4.
Matinuddin (1999), pp. 25–26. Matinuddin, Kamal (1999). The Taliban Phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994–1997. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-579274-4.
Matinuddin (1999), p. 102. Matinuddin, Kamal (1999). The Taliban Phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994–1997. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-579274-4.
Matinuddin (1999), p. 98. Matinuddin, Kamal (1999). The Taliban Phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994–1997. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-579274-4.
Matinuddin (1999), p. 95. Matinuddin, Kamal (1999). The Taliban Phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994–1997. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-579274-4.

archive.today

"Canada in Afghanistan: 2001". National Post. Archived from the original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2013.

books.google.com

Afghanistan : Crisis of Impunity: The Role of Pakistan, Russia and Iran in Fueling the Civil War. Volume 13, Number 3. Human Rights Watch. July 2001. pp. 36–49. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
Rashid, Ahmed (2002). "Mazar-e-Sharif 1997: Massacre in the north". Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 72. ISBN 9781860648304. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
Grad, Marcela (2009). Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader. Webster University Press. ISBN 978-0-9821615-0-0.
Coll, Steve (2004). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. Penguin. p. 720. ISBN 978-1-59420-007-6.
Saikal, Amin (2004). Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85771-478-7. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
Gutman, Roy (2008). How We Missed the Story: Osama bin Laden, the Taliban, and the Hijacking of Afghanistan. US Institute of Peace Press. ISBN 978-1-60127-024-5. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
Maley, William (3 November 2020). The Afghanistan Wars. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 192. ISBN 978-1-350-30767-4.

chicagotribune.com

articles.chicagotribune.com

Gargan, Edward A. (October 12, 2001). "Taliban massacres outlined for UN". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2010.

cnn.com

"Afghan government forces recapture key military positions". CNN. October 19, 1996. Archived from the original on March 8, 2008.
"Afghanistan's Taliban, opposition both claim gains". CNN. July 31, 1997. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018. Retrieved August 21, 2006.
"Iranian military exercises draw warning from Afghanistan". CNN. August 31, 1998. Archived from the original on February 7, 2005.
"Taliban threatens retaliation if Iran strikes". CNN. September 15, 1998. Archived from the original on April 23, 2009. Retrieved August 21, 2006.
"Afghanistan claims Iranian aircraft invaded its airspace". CNN. October 2, 1998. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2006.
"Iran reports clash with Afghan militia". CNN. October 8, 1998. Archived from the original on February 16, 2005.

csmonitor.com

Baldauf, Scott (October 31, 2001). "The 'cave man' and Al Qaeda". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on March 28, 2008. Retrieved August 12, 2010.

dailytimes.com.pk

"BOOK REVIEW: The inside track on Afghan wars by Khaled Ahmed". Daily Times. August 31, 2008. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008.

doi.org

Rashid, Ahmed (2001). "The Fires of Faith in Central Asia". World Policy Journal. 18 (1): 45–55. doi:10.1215/07402775-2001-2001. JSTOR 40209731.

expressindia.com

"Pak involved in Taliban offensive - Russia". Express India. 1998. Archived from the original on 2005-01-28.

ghostarchive.org

Inside the Taliban. National Geographic. November 11, 2009. Archived from the original on 2021-12-19 – via YouTube.
Rashid, Ahmed (September 11, 2001). "Afghanistan resistance leader feared dead in blast". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
Ahmad Shah Massoud: Lion of Afghanistan, Lion of Islam (5/7). EU media. September 9, 2010. Archived from the original on 2021-12-19 – via YouTube.

gwu.edu

"Pakistan: "The Taliban's Godfather"?: Documents Detail Years of Pakistani Support for Taliban, Extremists". George Washington University. August 14, 2007. Archived from the original on July 8, 2008. Retrieved September 8, 2010.

historycommons.org

"Profile: Ahmed Shah Massoud". History Commons. 2010. Archived from the original on January 25, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2010.

hri.ca

UN Security Council report. "La situation en Afghanistan et ses conséquences pour la paix et la sécurité internationales". Human Rights Internet. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2007.

hrw.org

"PAKISTAN'S SUPPORT OF THE TALIBAN". Human Rights Watch. 2000. Of all the foreign powers involved in efforts to sustain and manipulate the ongoing fighting [in Afghanistan], Pakistan is distinguished both by the sweep of its objectives and the scale of its efforts, which include soliciting funding for the Taliban, bankrolling Taliban operations, providing diplomatic support as the Taliban's virtual emissaries abroad, arranging training for Taliban fighters, recruiting skilled and unskilled manpower to serve in Taliban armies, planning and directing offensives, providing and facilitating shipments of ammunition and fuel, and ... directly providing combat support.
Sifton, John (July 6, 2005). "Blood-Stained Hands, Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on January 13, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
Afghanistan: The Massacre in Mazar-I Sharif (Report). Human Rights Watch. November 1, 1998. Archived from the original on August 20, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2016.

icrc.org

"Afghanistan: escalation of indiscriminate shelling in Kabul". International Committee of the Red Cross. 2 January 1995. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011.

islamicrepublicofafghanistan.com

"Abdul Rashid Dostum". Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 18 March 2009.

jstor.org

Rashid, Ahmed (2001). "The Fires of Faith in Central Asia". World Policy Journal. 18 (1): 45–55. doi:10.1215/07402775-2001-2001. JSTOR 40209731.

justice.gov

Afghanistan: Chronology of Events January 1995 - February 1997 (PDF) (Report). Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1997. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved November 21, 2017.

levantx.com

"Hazara Women in Afghanistan: Fears for the Future". LevantX. Retrieved 2023-07-01.

lonelyplanet.com

Afghanistan Events Archived September 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Lonely Planet Travel Guide.

longwarjournal.org

Roggio, Bill (August 17, 2010). "Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan names Abu Usman as new leader". Long War Journal. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2010.

marktheday.com

National Holiday Dates Archived October 12, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Massoud Day and Nobel Peace Prize Nomination

nationalpost.com

afghanistan.nationalpost.com

"Canada in Afghanistan: 2001". National Post. Archived from the original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2013.

navy.mil

ccc.nps.navy.mil

Johnson, Thomas H. "Ismail Khan, Herat, and Iranian Influence". Center for Contemporary Conflict. Archived from the original on 11 August 2004. Retrieved 20 March 2007.

nytimes.com

Baker, Peter; Cooper, Helene; Barnes, Julian; Schmitt, Eric (1 August 2022). "U.S. Drone Strike Kills Ayman al-Zawahri, Top Qaeda Leader". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.

onwar.com

"Civil War in Afghanistan 1996-2001". www.onwar.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-04. Retrieved May 3, 2018.

opensocietyfoundations.org

Afghanistan Justice Project (2005), p. 115. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.
Afghanistan Justice Project (2005), p. 116. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.
Afghanistan Justice Project (2005), p. 120. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.
Afghanistan Justice Project (2005), p. 121. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.

papillonsartpalace.com

Gargan, Edward A. (October 12, 2001). "Taliban Atrocities: Confidential UN report details mass killings of civilian villagers". Newsday. Archived from the original on June 5, 2004.

physiciansforhumanrights.org

The Taliban's War on Women: A Health and Human Rights Crisis in Afghanistan (Report). Physicians for Human Rights. August 1998. ISBN 1-879707-25-X. Archived from the original on June 9, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2016.

pqarchiver.com

pqasb.pqarchiver.com

"Afghanistan: Arena for a New Rivalry". Washington Post. 1998. Archived from the original on July 25, 2012.

reliefweb.int

"Afghanistan Weekly Update No. 263 - Afghanistan". ReliefWeb. 1998-05-12. Retrieved 2023-07-01.

saudiembassy.net

"King Abdullah ends Asian tour with state visit to Pakistan". Saudi Embassy in Washington. January 2, 2006. Archived from the original on September 27, 2006.

socialstudies.org

Mertz, Gayle (January 2001). "Civil War in Afghanistan". National Council for the Social Studies.

telegraph.co.uk

Rashid, Ahmed (September 11, 2001). "Afghanistan resistance leader feared dead in blast". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.

theguardian.com

McCarthy, Rory; Carter, Helen; Norton-Taylor, Richard (October 26, 2001). "The elite force who are ready to die". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 14, 2016. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
"The elite force who are ready to die". the guardian. 26 October 2001.

uu.se

ucdp.uu.se

"Afghan Civil War (1996-2001, only Afghanistan-UIFSA clashes".

uw.edu.pl

orient.uw.edu.pl

Balcerowicz, Piotr (August 2001). "The Last Interview with Ahmad Shah Massoud". orient.uw.edu.pl. Archived from the original on September 25, 2006. Retrieved August 13, 2010.

web.archive.org

Afghanistan : Crisis of Impunity: The Role of Pakistan, Russia and Iran in Fueling the Civil War. Volume 13, Number 3. Human Rights Watch. July 2001. pp. 36–49. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
Rashid, Ahmed (2002). "Mazar-e-Sharif 1997: Massacre in the north". Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 72. ISBN 9781860648304. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
Afghanistan: Chronology of Events January 1995 - February 1997 (PDF) (Report). Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1997. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
"Profile: Ahmed Shah Massoud". History Commons. 2010. Archived from the original on January 25, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2010.
Balcerowicz, Piotr (August 2001). "The Last Interview with Ahmad Shah Massoud". orient.uw.edu.pl. Archived from the original on September 25, 2006. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
Afghanistan Events Archived September 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Lonely Planet Travel Guide.
National Holiday Dates Archived October 12, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Massoud Day and Nobel Peace Prize Nomination
Massoud's Last Stand. Journeyman Pictures/ABC Australia. August 8, 1997. Archived from the original on 2009-09-27 – via YouTube.
"Abdul Rashid Dostum". Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 18 March 2009.
Johnson, Thomas H. "Ismail Khan, Herat, and Iranian Influence". Center for Contemporary Conflict. Archived from the original on 11 August 2004. Retrieved 20 March 2007.
UN Security Council report. "La situation en Afghanistan et ses conséquences pour la paix et la sécurité internationales". Human Rights Internet. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2007.
The Taliban's War on Women: A Health and Human Rights Crisis in Afghanistan (Report). Physicians for Human Rights. August 1998. ISBN 1-879707-25-X. Archived from the original on June 9, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
"Pakistan: "The Taliban's Godfather"?: Documents Detail Years of Pakistani Support for Taliban, Extremists". George Washington University. August 14, 2007. Archived from the original on July 8, 2008. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
"Civil War in Afghanistan 1996-2001". www.onwar.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-04. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
"Afghanistan: Arena for a New Rivalry". Washington Post. 1998. Archived from the original on July 25, 2012.
"Pak involved in Taliban offensive - Russia". Express India. 1998. Archived from the original on 2005-01-28.
"King Abdullah ends Asian tour with state visit to Pakistan". Saudi Embassy in Washington. January 2, 2006. Archived from the original on September 27, 2006.
Rasooldeen, Mohammed (January 22, 2007). "Saudi-Pak Talks Focus on ME". Arab News. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011.
Baldauf, Scott (October 31, 2001). "The 'cave man' and Al Qaeda". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on March 28, 2008. Retrieved August 12, 2010.
Baker, Peter; Cooper, Helene; Barnes, Julian; Schmitt, Eric (1 August 2022). "U.S. Drone Strike Kills Ayman al-Zawahri, Top Qaeda Leader". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
"BOOK REVIEW: The inside track on Afghan wars by Khaled Ahmed". Daily Times. August 31, 2008. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008.
Gargan, Edward A. (October 12, 2001). "Taliban massacres outlined for UN". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
Gargan, Edward A. (October 12, 2001). "Taliban Atrocities: Confidential UN report details mass killings of civilian villagers". Newsday. Archived from the original on June 5, 2004.
Roggio, Bill (August 17, 2010). "Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan names Abu Usman as new leader". Long War Journal. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
Sifton, John (July 6, 2005). "Blood-Stained Hands, Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on January 13, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
Saikal, Amin (2004). Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85771-478-7. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
Gutman, Roy (2008). How We Missed the Story: Osama bin Laden, the Taliban, and the Hijacking of Afghanistan. US Institute of Peace Press. ISBN 978-1-60127-024-5. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
Afghanistan: Further Information on Fear for Safety and New Concern: Deliberate and Arbitrary Killings: Civilians in Kabul (Report). Amnesty International. November 16, 1995. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
"Afghanistan: escalation of indiscriminate shelling in Kabul". International Committee of the Red Cross. 2 January 1995. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011.
Afghanistan: The Massacre in Mazar-I Sharif (Report). Human Rights Watch. November 1, 1998. Archived from the original on August 20, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
McCarthy, Rory; Carter, Helen; Norton-Taylor, Richard (October 26, 2001). "The elite force who are ready to die". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 14, 2016. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
"Afghan government forces recapture key military positions". CNN. October 19, 1996. Archived from the original on March 8, 2008.
"Afghanistan's Taliban, opposition both claim gains". CNN. July 31, 1997. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018. Retrieved August 21, 2006.
"Iranian military exercises draw warning from Afghanistan". CNN. August 31, 1998. Archived from the original on February 7, 2005.
"Taliban threatens retaliation if Iran strikes". CNN. September 15, 1998. Archived from the original on April 23, 2009. Retrieved August 21, 2006.
"Afghanistan claims Iranian aircraft invaded its airspace". CNN. October 2, 1998. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2006.
"Iran reports clash with Afghan militia". CNN. October 8, 1998. Archived from the original on February 16, 2005.

youtube.com

The Taliban, explained on YouTube Vox on YouTube.
Inside the Taliban. National Geographic. November 11, 2009. Archived from the original on 2021-12-19 – via YouTube.
Massoud's Last Stand. Journeyman Pictures/ABC Australia. August 8, 1997. Archived from the original on 2009-09-27 – via YouTube.
Ahmad Shah Massoud: Lion of Afghanistan, Lion of Islam (5/7). EU media. September 9, 2010. Archived from the original on 2021-12-19 – via YouTube.
Video 'Starving to Death', Kabul under the Taliban in March 1996. on YouTube Journeyman.tv on YouTube.