Algeria (English Wikipedia)

Robert Davis (17 February 2011). "British Slaves on the Barbary Coast". BBC. Archived from the original on 25 April 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2008.
"British Slaves on the Barbary Coast". Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 7 September 2008.

news.bbc.co.uk

"French 'Reparation' for Algerians". BBC News. 6 December 2007. Archived from the original on 20 April 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
"Chinese Migrants in Algiers Clash". BBC News. 4 August 2009. Archived from the original on 6 December 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2013.

bbc.com

"Algeria election: Fresh protests as Tebboune replaces Bouteflika". BBC News. 13 December 2019. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
"Are Arabs turning their backs on religion?". 24 June 2019. Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
"The Arab world in seven charts: Are Arabs turning their backs on religion?". Arab Barometer, BBC News. 23 June 2019. Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2021.

bloomberg.com

"Italy and Spain Hold Talks to Head Off Tension Over Algerian Gas". Bloomberg.com. 12 April 2022. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Ricoux, René (1880). La démographie figurée de l'Algérie: étude statistique des... [The figurative demographics of Algeria]. G. Masson. pp. 260–261. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.

books.google.com

LLC, Forbidden Fruits (30 January 2013). iAfrica – Ancient History UNTOLD. Forbidden Fruit Books LLC. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
Bazina, Abdullah Salem (2010). The spread of Islam in Sub-Saharan in Africa (in Arabic). Al Manhal. ISBN 978-9796500024. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
Eric Delson; Ian Tattersall; John Van Couvering; Alison S. Brooks (2004). Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory: Second Edition. Routledge. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-135-58228-9.
Brett, Michael; Fentress, Elizabeth (1997). "Berbers in Antiquity". The Berbers. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-20767-2. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Christelle Fischer-Bovet (2014). Army and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt. Cambridge University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-107-00775-8. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
Jackson J. Spielvogel (2014). Western Civilization: Volume A: To 1500. Cengage Learning. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-285-98299-1. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
Cameron, Averil; Ward-Perkins, Bryan (2001). "Vandal Africa, 429–533". The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 14. Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–126. ISBN 978-0-521-32591-2.
The Middle East and North Africa 2003. Psychology Press. ISBN 9781857431322. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
Walmsley, Hugh Mulleneux (1 April 1858). "Sketches of Algeria During the Kabyle War". Chapman and Hall. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
Wysner, Glora M. (30 January 2013). The Kabyle People. Read Books Ltd. ISBN 9781447483526. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
The Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier. 1 April 1990. ISBN 9780717201211. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
"The art journal London". Virtue. 1 April 1865 – via Google Books.
Field, Henry Martyn (1 April 1893). "The Barbary Coast". C. Scribner's Sons. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live InHugh Kennedy Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Hachette UK,
Gibraltar: Croisée de mondes : d'Hercule à Boabdil Archived 5 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine Zakya Daoud Séguier
The History of Northern Africa Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Britannica Educational Publishing Britannica Educational Publishing
Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger Routledge
Historical Dictionary of Tunisia Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Kenneth J. Perkins Rowman & Littlefield
Islam, 01 AH-250 AH: A Chronology of Events Archived 3 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine Abu Tariq Hijazi Message Publications,
Khaldūn, Ibn (1852). Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique Septentrionale Par Ibn Khaldūn, William MacGuckin Slane [History of the Berbers and the Muslim dynasties of northern Africa] (in French). p. XV. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Khaldūn, Ibn (1852). Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique Septentrionale Par Ibn Khaldūn, William MacGuckin Slane [History of the Berbers and the Muslim dynasties of northern Africa] (in French). pp. X. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Baadj, Amar S. (19 June 2015). Saladin, the Almohads and the Banū Ghāniya: The Contest for North Africa (12th and 13th centuries). BRILL. ISBN 9789004298576 – via Google Books.
Hattstein, Markus; Delius, Peter (2004). Islam: Art and Architecture: Pg 614. Könemann. ISBN 9783833111785.
Ilahiane, Hsain (17 July 2006). Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810864900. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
Nanjira, Daniel Don (1 April 2010). African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780313379826. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
Fage, J. D. (1 April 1958). "An Atlas of African History". E. Arnold. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
The Puffin History of the World: Volume 1 Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine, By Roshen Dalal
Revue africaine: Archived 9 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine journal des travaux de la Société historique algérienne, Volumes 105–106 Kraus Reprint,
Vers la paix en Algérie: Archived 5 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine les négociations d'Evian dans les archives diplomatiques françaises (15 janvier 1961-29 juin 1962). Bruylant,
The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3 Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine – J.D. Fage
Iliffe, John (13 July 2017). Africans: The History of a Continent. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-19832-6.
Meredith, Martin (11 September 2014). Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4711-3546-0.
In Barbary: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and the Sahara Archived 9 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine Edward Alexander Powell Century Company
Les Berbers dans l'histoire: De la Kahina à l'occupation Turque Archived 5 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine Mouloud Gaïd Editions Mimouni
Fage, John; Tordoff, with William (23 October 2013). A History of Africa. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-79727-2.
The Maghreb Review: Majallat Al-Maghrib. 1979.
Singh, Nagendra Kr; Khan, Abdul Mabud (2001). Encyclopaedia of the World Muslims: Tribes, Castes and Communities. Global Vision. ISBN 978-81-87746-05-8.
du moyen age Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Louis Cibrario Libraire de Guillaumin et C.ie
Robinson, Neal (1999). Islam, a Concise Introduction. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-224-3.
Crowther, Geoff; Finlay, Hugh (1992). Morocco, Algeria & Tunisia: A Travel Survival Kit. Lonely Planet Publications. ISBN 978-0-86442-126-5.
Les états de l'Occident musulman aux XIIIe, XIVe et XVe siècles: institutions gouvernementales et administratives Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Atallah Dhina Office des Publications Universitaires,
Histoire générale de la Tunisie, Volume 2 Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Hédi Slim, Ammar Mahjoubi, Khaled Belkhodja, Hichem Djaït, Abdelmajid Ennabli Sud éditions,
Recueil des Notices et Memoires Archived 18 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine, Volumes 52–53 Société archéologique du département de Constantine
Recueil des Notices et Memoires Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine, Volumes 52–53 Société archéologique du département de Constantine
La dynastie marocaine des Beni Wattâs Archived 26 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine (1420–1544) Auguste Cour P. Geuthner
Recueil des notices et mémoires de la Société archéologique du département de Constantine Archived 6 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine L. Arnolet,
MARIANA, Juan de (1849). Historia General de España ... con la continuacion de Miniana; completada ... por E. Chao. Enriquecida con notas historicas y criticas, etc (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
Vera, León Galindo y de (1884). Historia vicisitudes y política tradicional de España respecto de sus posesiones en las costas de África desde la monarquía gótica y en los tiempos posteriores á la restauración hasta el último siglo (in Spanish). Impr. y fundición de M. Tello.
Rézette, Robert (1976). the Spanish Enclaves in Morocco Par Robert Rezette. Nouvelles Editions Latines.
Houtsma, M. Th (1993). E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-09790-2.
Paul Auchterlonie (24 March 2012). Encountering Islam: Joseph Pitts: An English Slave in 17th-century Algiers and Mecca. Arabian Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-9571060-8-6.
Association, American Historical (1918). General Index to Papers and Annual Reports of the American Historical Association, 1884–1914. U.S. Government Printing Office.
Hutt, Graham (1 January 2019). North Africa. Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84623-883-3.
Constantine, Société Archéologique de la Province de (1868). Recueil des notices et mémoires de la Société Archéologique de la Province de Constantine (in French).
algérienne, Société historique (1873). Revue africaine (in French). La Société.
Bulletin du comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques: section de géographie (in French). Imprimerie nationale. 1894.
Schreier, Joshua (16 May 2017). The Merchants of Oran: A Jewish Port at the Dawn of Empire. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-1-5036-0216-8.
Morocco in the Reign of Mawlay Sulayman Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine – Mohamed El Mansour Middle East & North African Studies Press, 1990 – Morocco – 248 pages: Pg 104
Littell, Eliakim (1836). The Museum of foreign literature, science and art. E. Littell. p. 231. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Schaller, Dominik J. (2010). "Genocide and Mass Violence in the 'Heart of Darkness': Africa in the Colonial Period". In Bloxham, Donald; Moses, A. Dirk (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies. Oxford University Press. p. 356. ISBN 978-0-19-923211-6.
Jalata, Asafa (2016). Phases of Terrorism in the Age of Globalization: From Christopher Columbus to Osama bin Laden. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-1-137-55234-1. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
Bennoune, Mahfoud (2002). The Making of Contemporary Algeria, 1830–1987. Cambridge University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-521-52432-2. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
"Had planning been better (barracks, hospitals, medical services), the drain on men would have been miniscule: it has been calculated that between 1831 and 1851, 92,329 died in hospital, and only 3,336 in battle." The Military and Colonial Destruction of the Roman Landscape of North Africa ... – Michael Greenhalgh, p366 [1] Archived 20 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine
Ruedy, John Douglas (2005). Modern Algeria: The Origins And Development of a Nation. Indiana University Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-253-21782-0. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Sowerwine, Charles (2018). France since 1870. Bloomsbury. p. 37. ISBN 9781137406118.^{[permanent dead link]}
Randell, Keith (1986). France: Monarchy, Republic and Empire, 1814–70. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-51805-2. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015.^{[page needed]}
Albert Habib Hourani, Malise Ruthven (2002). "A history of the Arab peoples". Harvard University Press. p.323. ISBN 0-674-01017-5
United States Military Academy. Department of Military Art and Engineering (1947). The War in North Africa Part 2—The Allied Invasion. West Point, NY: Department of Military Art and Engineering, United States Military Academy. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
Kevin Shillington (2013). Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set. Routledge. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-135-45670-2. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
Abdelkader Aoudjit (2010). The Algerian Novel and Colonial Discourse: Witnessing to a Différend. Peter Lang. p. 179. ISBN 9781433110740. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
Ussama Samir Makdisi; Paul A. Silverstein (2006). Memory and Violence in the Middle East and North Africa. Indiana University Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-253-34655-1. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
Ruedy, John Douglas (2005). Modern Algeria – The Origins and Development of a Nation. Indiana University Press. p. 22. ISBN 9780253217820. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
De Epalza, Mikel (2011). El español hablado en Túnez por los moriscos (siglos XVII-XVIII). Universitat de València. pp. 32–38–39–444. ISBN 978-84-370-8415-2. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017.
Laaredj-Campbell, Anne (10 December 2015). Changing Female Literacy Practices in Algeria: Empirical Study on Cultural Construction of Gender and Empowerment. Springer. ISBN 978-3-658-11633-0. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
Marion Mill Preminger (1961). The sands of Tamanrasset: the story of Charles de Foucauld. Hawthorn Books. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015.
De Azevedo; Raimond Cagiano (1994). Migration and Development Co-Operation. Council of Europe. p. 25. ISBN 9789287126115. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Wexler, Paul (1 February 2012). The Non-Jewish Origins of the Sephardic Jews. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-2393-7. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
Baldauf, Richard B.; Kaplan, Robert B. (1 January 2007). Language Planning and Policy in Africa. Multilingual Matters. ISBN 978-1-84769-011-1. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
De Azevedo, Raimondo Cagiano (1994) Migration and development co-operation. Archived 29 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Council of Europe. p. 25. ISBN 92-871-2611-9.
Kemp, Thomas Jay (2009). International Vital Records Handbook. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 347. ISBN 978-0-8063-1793-9. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.

britannica.com

"Algeria – Colonial rule". Britannica. Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
"Fatimid Dynasty (Islamic dynasty)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
"Algeria – Drainage". Britannica. Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
"Culture, Traditions, Cuisine". Encyclopedia Britannica. 12 August 1998. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
"Sports and recreation". Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2012.

caci.dz

"General presentation of Association Agreement". caci.dz. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.

carnegieendowment.org

Allah, Abu Bakr Khaled Saad (20 July 2023). "The Politics of Language in Algerian Education". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

cbc.ca

"France offers compensation to victims sickened by nuclear tests". Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2016.

cder.dz

portail.cder.dz

"Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Algerian Program (English Version)". Archived from the original on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.

cia.gov

"Algeria". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 20 March 2021. (Archived 2021 edition.)
"Distribution of Family Income – Gini Index". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
"Algeria". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 24 December 2013. (Archived 2013 edition.)
"Country Comparison: Natural Gas – Proved Reserves". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2013.

citypopulation.de

"Algeria: Provinces & Major Cities – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2023.

climate-change-performance-index.org

"Algeria". Climate Change Performance Index. 28 November 2019. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.

cnn.com

articles.cnn.com

"Algeria Officially Lifts State of Emergency". CNN. 24 February 2011. Archived from the original on 1 March 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2011.

coe.int

obs.coe.int

Ali, Sahar (25 March 2014) ALGÉRIE Archived 3 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine. European Audiovisual Observatory

conseil-constitutionnel.dz

Articles: 85, 87, 77, 78 and 79 of the Algerian constitution Algerian government. "Constitution". Archived from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
Article 42 of the Algerian constitution – Algerian Government. "Algerian constitution الحـقــوق والحــرّيـات". Archived from the original on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2011.

countrystudies.us

"Algeria – Ottoman Rule". Country Studies. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
"Algeria – Population". Library of Congress Country Studies. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2013.

devex.com

"Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports (Algeria) (Ministry of Youth and Sports)". Devex. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

doi.org

Sahnouni; et al. (14 December 2018). "1.9-million- and 2.4-million-year-old artifacts and stone tool–cutmarked bones from Ain Boucherit, Algeria". Science. 362 (6420): 1297–1301. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1297S. doi:10.1126/science.aau0008. hdl:10072/383164. PMID 30498166. S2CID 54166305. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
Henn, Brenna M.; Botigué, Laura R.; Gravel, Simon; Wang, Wei; Brisbin, Abra; Byrnes, Jake K.; Fadhlaoui-Zid, Karima; Zalloua, Pierre A.; Moreno-Estrada, Andres; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Comas, David (12 January 2012). "Genomic Ancestry of North Africans Supports Back-to-Africa Migrations". PLOS Genetics. 8 (1): e1002397. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002397. PMC 3257290. PMID 22253600.
Mattingly, D.J. (1983). "The Laguatan: A Libyan Tribal Confederation in the late Roman Empire". Libyan Studies. 14: 96–108. doi:10.1017/S0263718900007810. S2CID 164294564.
García, Luis Arciniega (1 January 1999). "Defensa a la antigua y a la moderna en el Reino de Valencia durante el siglo XVI". Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie VII, Historia del Arte (in Spanish) (12). doi:10.5944/etfvii.12.1999.2343. ISSN 2340-1478. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
Mackie, Erin Skye (1 January 2005). "Welcome the Outlaw: Pirates, Maroons, and Caribbean Countercultures". Cultural Critique. 59 (1): 24–62. doi:10.1353/cul.2005.0008. S2CID 145628873.
Sahnoune, F.; Belhamel, M.; Zelmat, M.; Kerbachi, R. (1 January 2013). "Climate Change in Algeria: Vulnerability and Strategy of Mitigation and Adaptation". Energy Procedia. TerraGreen 13 International Conference 2013 – Advancements in Renewable Energy and Clean Environment. 36: 1286–1294. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.145. ISSN 1876-6102.
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.
Lin, David; Hanscom, Laurel; Murthy, Adeline; Galli, Alessandro; Evans, Mikel; Neill, Evan; Mancini, MariaSerena; Martindill, Jon; Medouar, FatimeZahra; Huang, Shiyu; Wackernagel, Mathis (2018). "Ecological Footprint Accounting for Countries: Updates and Results of the National Footprint Accounts, 2012–2018". Resources. 7 (3): 58. doi:10.3390/resources7030058.
Arredi, Barbara; Poloni, Estella S.; Paracchini, Silvia; Zerjal, Tatiana; Dahmani, M. Fathallah; Makrelouf, Mohamed; Vincenzo, L. Pascali; Novelletto, Andrea; Tyler-Smith, Chris (7 June 2004). "A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 75 (2): 338–45. doi:10.1086/423147. PMC 1216069. PMID 15202071.
Maraf, Baya; Osam, Ulker Vanci (2023). "The booming wave of English in the linguistic landscape in Algeria: Timeline of the presence of English language in Algerian bottom-up signs". English Today. 39 (4): 307–314. doi:10.1017/S026607842200013X. ISSN 0266-0784.
WIPO (30 October 2023). Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition. World Intellectual Property Organization. doi:10.34667/tind.46596. ISBN 9789280534320. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023 – via www.wipo.int.
Amara, Mahfoud; Bouandel, Youcef (3 October 2022). "Algeria and the FIFA World Cup: between political legitimization and regional rivalry". Soccer & Society. 23 (7): 735–746. doi:10.1080/14660970.2022.2108241. ISSN 1466-0970.
Algeria. Liverpool University Press. 1 December 2017. doi:10.5949/liverpool/9781786940216.003.0011. ISBN 978-1-78694-021-6.

ebin.pub

"Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia 4 volumes 0313376263, 9780313376269". ebin.pub. 10 June 2005. p. 17. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

economist.com

"Still waiting for real democracy". The Economist. 12 May 2012. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
"The president and the police". The Economist. 4 May 2010. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.

econostrum.info

en.econostrum.info

Dubessy, Frédéric. "Turkey strengthens its investments in Algeria". Econostrum | Economic News in the Mediterranean. Archived from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.

eia.gov

"Country Analysis Briefs – Algeria" (PDF). Energy Information Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 May 2013.

el-mouradia.dz

"Constitution of Algeria, Art. 11". El-mouradia.dz. language: France and Arabic (government language); people of Algeria speak Arabic and Berber. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2013.

elwatan.com

"La standardisation de la transcription n'est pas tranchée : Quelle graphie pour tamazight ?". El Watan (in French). 22 April 2020. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.

esa.int

"Earth from Space: Algerian sands". www.esa.int. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.

euromedmonitor.org

Monitor, Euro-Med (December 2016). "Algeria must stop crushing dissent by imprisoning journalists and activists". Euro-Mediterranean. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.

fanack.com

"Young Arabs are Changing their Beliefs and Perceptions: New Survey". Fanack. 31 December 2019. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2021.

fco.gov.uk

"Country Profile: Algeria". Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Archived from the original on 13 December 2010.

footprintnetwork.org

data.footprintnetwork.org

"Country Trends". Global Footprint Network. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2020.

francophonie.org

"Le dénombrement des francophones" (PDF). Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2013. () p. 9 "Nous y agrégeons néanmoins quelques données disponibles pour des pays n'appartenant pas à l'OIF mais dont nous savons, comme pour l'Algérie (11,2 millions en 2008¹)," and "1. Nombre de personnes âgées de cinq ans et plus déclarant savoir lire et écrire le français, d'après les données du recensement de 2008 communiquées par l'Office national des statistiques d'Algérie."

freedomhouse.org

Freedom House. "Freedom in the World 2013: Algeria". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
"Algeria". Freedom in the World 2013. Freedom House. Archived from the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
"Freedom in the World". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2013.

frenchpubagency.com

"Tahar Djaout". French Publishers' Agency. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2013.

fs.fed.us

"Wildfire Management Policies in Algeria: Present and Future Needs1,2" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 May 2017.

galtoninstitute.org.uk

Populations Crises and Population Cycles Archived 27 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Claire Russell and W. M. S. Russell

globalreligiousfutures.org

"Religion in Algeria". Global Religious Futures. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2010. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013.

gwu.edu

"The Nuclear Vault: The Algerian Nuclear Problem". Gwu.edu. Archived from the original on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Sahnouni; et al. (14 December 2018). "1.9-million- and 2.4-million-year-old artifacts and stone tool–cutmarked bones from Ain Boucherit, Algeria". Science. 362 (6420): 1297–1301. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1297S. doi:10.1126/science.aau0008. hdl:10072/383164. PMID 30498166. S2CID 54166305. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Sahnouni; et al. (14 December 2018). "1.9-million- and 2.4-million-year-old artifacts and stone tool–cutmarked bones from Ain Boucherit, Algeria". Science. 362 (6420): 1297–1301. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1297S. doi:10.1126/science.aau0008. hdl:10072/383164. PMID 30498166. S2CID 54166305. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.

heimaslod.is

"Turkish invasion walk" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. heimaslod.is.

hrw.org

"Algérie : Les droits des travailleurs bafoués" (in French). Human Rights Watch. 27 May 2014. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
"During Pandemic, Algeria Tightens Vise on Protest Movement". Human Rights Watch. 29 April 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.

imf.org

"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Algeria)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
"Algeria: 2011 Article IV Consultation" (PDF). IMF. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2013.

insead.edu

knowledge.insead.edu

"Global Innovation Index". INSEAD Knowledge. 28 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2021.

insee.fr

"Fiches thématiques – Population immigrée – Immigrés 2012". Insee. Archived from the original on 20 February 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.

ipu.org

archive.ipu.org

"IPU PARLINE database: ALGERIA (Al-Majlis Al-Chaabi Al-Watani), Full text". archive.ipu.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2021.

irinnews.org

"Western Sahara: Lack of Donor Funds Threatens Humanitarian Projects". IRIN. 5 September 2007. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Prochaska, David. "That Was Then, This Is Now: The Battle of Algiers and After". p. 141. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2012.

joradp.dz

Proclamación de la República argelina Archived 28 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Journal officiel de la republique algerienne, 1st year, 1st issue, 1962, páge 5.

khadda.com

"Mohammed Khadda". Khadda.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.

kuna.net.kw

"KUNA : Algeria officially joins AU free trade agreement – Economics – 16/12/2019". kuna.net.kw. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.

lebanese-forces.com

"What's happening in Algeria… is it the "Arab spring"? (فراس صليبا)". Lebanese Forces Official Website. 12 April 2019. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.

lematindalgerie.com

"Le Snategs dénonce et décide de porter plainte | Le Matin d'Algérie". Le Matin d'Algérie (in French). Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.

lhistoire.fr

"Le rêve arabe de Napoléon III". lhistoire.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.

loc.gov

lcweb2.loc.gov

Metz, Helen Chapin. "Algeria : a country study". United States Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
"Library of Congress Country Studies – Algeria" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2009.

webarchive.loc.gov

"Bin Ali calls for reactivating Arab Maghreb Union, Tunisia-Maghreb, Politics". ArabicNews.com. 19 February 1999. Archived from the original on 25 November 2001. Retrieved 4 April 2006.

magharebia.com

"L'Algérie crée une académie de la langue amazigh". Magharebia.com. 2 June 2006. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011.

maghrebemergent.info

Izouaouen, Noreddine (4 December 2017). "Algérie : Dissolution du Snateg, le secrétaire général conteste". Maghreb Emergent (in French). Archived from the original on 15 March 2018.

msn.com

african.howzit.msn.com

Hodges, K. "National Animals of African Countries". Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.

muslimheritage.com

"The Great Mosque of Tlemcen". MuslimHeritage.com. Foundation for Science Technology and Civilization. 8 December 2004. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019.

muslimskeptic.com

Bheria (17 February 2022). "Arabs Are Getting More Religious. Why Isn't Western Media Reporting It?". The Muslim Skeptic. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.

nationsonline.org

"Algeria – Country Profile – Nations Online Project". nationsonline.org. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2021.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sahnouni; et al. (14 December 2018). "1.9-million- and 2.4-million-year-old artifacts and stone tool–cutmarked bones from Ain Boucherit, Algeria". Science. 362 (6420): 1297–1301. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1297S. doi:10.1126/science.aau0008. hdl:10072/383164. PMID 30498166. S2CID 54166305. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
Henn, Brenna M.; Botigué, Laura R.; Gravel, Simon; Wang, Wei; Brisbin, Abra; Byrnes, Jake K.; Fadhlaoui-Zid, Karima; Zalloua, Pierre A.; Moreno-Estrada, Andres; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Comas, David (12 January 2012). "Genomic Ancestry of North Africans Supports Back-to-Africa Migrations". PLOS Genetics. 8 (1): e1002397. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002397. PMC 3257290. PMID 22253600.
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.
Arredi, Barbara; Poloni, Estella S.; Paracchini, Silvia; Zerjal, Tatiana; Dahmani, M. Fathallah; Makrelouf, Mohamed; Vincenzo, L. Pascali; Novelletto, Andrea; Tyler-Smith, Chris (7 June 2004). "A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 75 (2): 338–45. doi:10.1086/423147. PMC 1216069. PMID 15202071.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Henn, Brenna M.; Botigué, Laura R.; Gravel, Simon; Wang, Wei; Brisbin, Abra; Byrnes, Jake K.; Fadhlaoui-Zid, Karima; Zalloua, Pierre A.; Moreno-Estrada, Andres; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Comas, David (12 January 2012). "Genomic Ancestry of North Africans Supports Back-to-Africa Migrations". PLOS Genetics. 8 (1): e1002397. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002397. PMC 3257290. PMID 22253600.
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.
Arredi, Barbara; Poloni, Estella S.; Paracchini, Silvia; Zerjal, Tatiana; Dahmani, M. Fathallah; Makrelouf, Mohamed; Vincenzo, L. Pascali; Novelletto, Andrea; Tyler-Smith, Chris (7 June 2004). "A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 75 (2): 338–45. doi:10.1086/423147. PMC 1216069. PMID 15202071.

nytimes.com

Povoledo, Elisabetta (26 September 2003). "The Mysteries and Majesties of the Aeolian Islands". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
"98 Die in One of Algerian Civil War's Worst Massacres Archived 23 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine". The New York Times. 30 August 1997.

topics.blogs.nytimes.com

Dargin, Justin (19 November 2008). "Algeria's Liberation, Terrorism, and Arabization". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013.

ons.dz

"Démographie" [Demography] (PDF). Office National des Statistiques (in French). 1 January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
"Algérie a atteint 40,4 millions d'habitants (ONS)". ons. 17 April 2013. Archived from the original on 5 December 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
"Taux d'Analphabétisme et taux d'Alphabétisation de la population âgée de 10 ans et plus selon le sexe et la wilaya de résidence" (PDF). Office National des Statistiques. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2013.

opec.org

"OPEC Bulletin 8-9/12". p. 15. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2013.

osu.edu

researchnews.osu.edu

"When Europeans were slaves: Research suggests white slavery was much more common than previously believed". Ohio State Research Communications. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011.

penguintravel.com

"Algeria's Roman Heritage – Roundtrips and Cultural Tours Penguin Travel". Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2023.

plos.org

journals.plos.org

"Crocodiles in the Sahara Desert: An Update of Distribution, Habitats and Population Status for Conservation Planning in Mauritania Archived 10 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine". PLOS ONE. 25 February 2011.

politico.eu

"Italy looks to demote Russia and make Algeria its top gas supplier". POLITICO. 11 April 2022. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.

populstat.info

Lahmeyer, Jan (11 October 2003). "Algeria (Djazaïria) historical demographic data of the whole country". Population Statistics. populstat.info. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2012.

presse-dz.com

"Ecoles privées, Tamazight, enseignement du Français, syndicats ... – Les vérités de Benbouzid". Presse-dz.com. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2013.

qantara-med.org

"Qantara". Qantara-med.org. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
"Qantara – Les Almoravides (1056–1147)". Qantara-med.org. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2013.

qmul.ac.uk

mcc.sllf.qmul.ac.uk

"Short guide to contemporary Algerian cinema". Mapping Contemporary Cinema. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2013.

refugees.org

"World Refugee Survey 2009: Algeria". U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 2009. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2013.

rentechdigital.com

"List Of Sports clubs in Algeria". SmartScraper. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

science.org

Sahnouni; et al. (14 December 2018). "1.9-million- and 2.4-million-year-old artifacts and stone tool–cutmarked bones from Ain Boucherit, Algeria". Science. 362 (6420): 1297–1301. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1297S. doi:10.1126/science.aau0008. hdl:10072/383164. PMID 30498166. S2CID 54166305. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Sahnouni; et al. (14 December 2018). "1.9-million- and 2.4-million-year-old artifacts and stone tool–cutmarked bones from Ain Boucherit, Algeria". Science. 362 (6420): 1297–1301. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1297S. doi:10.1126/science.aau0008. hdl:10072/383164. PMID 30498166. S2CID 54166305. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
Mattingly, D.J. (1983). "The Laguatan: A Libyan Tribal Confederation in the late Roman Empire". Libyan Studies. 14: 96–108. doi:10.1017/S0263718900007810. S2CID 164294564.
Mackie, Erin Skye (1 January 2005). "Welcome the Outlaw: Pirates, Maroons, and Caribbean Countercultures". Cultural Critique. 59 (1): 24–62. doi:10.1353/cul.2005.0008. S2CID 145628873.

senat.fr

"La mondialisation, une chance pour la francophonie". Senat.fr. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2013. () "L'Algérie, non-membre de l'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, comptabilise la seconde communauté francophone au monde, avec environ 16 millions de locuteurs, suivie par la Côte d'Ivoire avec près de 12 millions de locuteurs francophones, le Québec avec 6 millions et la Belgique avec plus de 4 millions de francophones."

state.gov

2009-2017.state.gov

"Background Note: Algeria". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 19 June 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
"2010 Human Rights Report: Algeria". US Department of State. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 24 June 2017.

state.gov

"Algeria". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2021.

statista.com

"Africa: largest countries by area 2020". Statista. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.

stoneageinstitute.org

"Research at Ain Hanech, Algeria". Stoneageinstitute.org. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2013.

theafricareport.com

"Algeria: Who is new president Abdelmadjid Tebboune?". The Africa Report.com. 17 December 2019. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.

theguardian.com

Benzerga, Mohamed (24 August 2015). "Heatwaves are on the rise in Algeria due to climate change, says specialist". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
Michaelson, Ruth (3 April 2019). "Algeria's president Abdelaziz Bouteflika resigns after 20 years". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.

thestar.com

The Associated Press (2 April 2024). "Algeria expands English lessons to primary school students". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

tsa-algerie.com

Benchicou, Mohamed (27 May 2013). "Le temps des crapules – Tout sur l'Algérie". Tsa-algerie.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014.

ulaval.ca

tlfq.ulaval.ca

Leclerc, Jacques (5 April 2009). "Algérie: Situation géographique et démolinguistique". L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde (in French). Université Laval. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2010.

ulpgc.es

gi.ulpgc.es

Sahnouni, Mohamed; de Heinzelin, Jean. "The Site of Ain Hanech Revisited: New Investigations at this Lower Pleistocene Site in Northern Algeria" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2013.

undp.org

hdr.undp.org

"Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.

uned.es

revistas.uned.es

García, Luis Arciniega (1 January 1999). "Defensa a la antigua y a la moderna en el Reino de Valencia durante el siglo XVI". Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie VII, Historia del Arte (in Spanish) (12). doi:10.5944/etfvii.12.1999.2343. ISSN 2340-1478. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2021.

unesco.org

whc.unesco.org

UNESCO. "UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Archived from the original on 19 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.

rabat.unesco.org

"Diversité et interculturalité en Algérie" (PDF). UNESCO. 2009. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2013.

unesco.org

Honorary and Goodwill Ambassadors (20 January 2017). "Algerian novelist Ahlem Mosteghanemi designated UNESCO artist for peace". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Archived from the original on 7 May 2017.

unhcr.org

"2013 UNHCR country operations profile – Algeria". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.

upi.com

"Algeria buying military equipment". United Press International. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2013.

upstreamonline.com

"Algeria stops gas supplies to Spain via Morocco, as diplomatic row with Rabat intensifies". Upstream. 2 November 2021. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.

usembassy.gov

algiers.usembassy.gov

"Doing Business in Algeria". Embassy of the United States Algiers, Algeria. Archived from the original on 28 December 2012.

verlete.com

"Global Sports Industry Data". Verlete Sports. 12 February 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

visindavefur.is

"Vísindavefurinn: Hverjir stóðu raunverulega að Tyrkjaráninu?" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Vísindavefurinn.
"Vísindavefurinn: Hvað gerðist í Tyrkjaráninu?" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Vísindavefurinn.
"Vísindavefurinn: Voru Tyrkjarán framin í öðrum löndum?" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Vísindavefurinn.

visitwestmanislands.com

Etravel Travel service. "Turkish Invasion – Visit Westman Islands .com" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. visitwestmanislands.com.

warandpeace.ru

"Venezuela's Chavez To Finalise Russian Submarines Deal". Agence France-Presse. 14 June 2007. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2011.

washingtonpost.com

"Here are the 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death". The Washington Post. 16 June 2016. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2017.

web.archive.org

"Constitution of Algeria, Art. 11". El-mouradia.dz. language: France and Arabic (government language); people of Algeria speak Arabic and Berber. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
"Constitution of Algeria; Art. 11". Apn-dz.org. 28 November 1996. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
"Démographie" [Demography] (PDF). Office National des Statistiques (in French). 1 January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Algeria)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
"Distribution of Family Income – Gini Index". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
"GINI index (World Bank estimate)". World Bank. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
"Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
"Africa: largest countries by area 2020". Statista. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
"Algeria – Colonial rule". Britannica. Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
Proclamación de la República argelina Archived 28 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Journal officiel de la republique algerienne, 1st year, 1st issue, 1962, páge 5.
"La standardisation de la transcription n'est pas tranchée : Quelle graphie pour tamazight ?". El Watan (in French). 22 April 2020. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
LLC, Forbidden Fruits (30 January 2013). iAfrica – Ancient History UNTOLD. Forbidden Fruit Books LLC. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
Bazina, Abdullah Salem (2010). The spread of Islam in Sub-Saharan in Africa (in Arabic). Al Manhal. ISBN 978-9796500024. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
"les origines d'alger, conference faite le 16 juin 1941, comite du vieil alger; venis". alger-roi.fr. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
"الجزائر... تُلقب تاريخياً بأرض الإسلام ومنها انطلقت الفتوحات الإسلامية نحو الأندلس وأفريقيا". الجزائر... تُلقب تاريخياً بأرض الإسلام ومنها انطلقت الفتوحات الإسلامية نحو الأندلس وأفريقيا. 17 May 2012. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
Sahnouni; et al. (14 December 2018). "1.9-million- and 2.4-million-year-old artifacts and stone tool–cutmarked bones from Ain Boucherit, Algeria". Science. 362 (6420): 1297–1301. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1297S. doi:10.1126/science.aau0008. hdl:10072/383164. PMID 30498166. S2CID 54166305. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
Sahnouni, Mohamed; de Heinzelin, Jean. "The Site of Ain Hanech Revisited: New Investigations at this Lower Pleistocene Site in Northern Algeria" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
"Research at Ain Hanech, Algeria". Stoneageinstitute.org. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
Brett, Michael; Fentress, Elizabeth (1997). "Berbers in Antiquity". The Berbers. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-20767-2. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Christelle Fischer-Bovet (2014). Army and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt. Cambridge University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-107-00775-8. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
Jackson J. Spielvogel (2014). Western Civilization: Volume A: To 1500. Cengage Learning. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-285-98299-1. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
"Algeria's Roman Heritage – Roundtrips and Cultural Tours Penguin Travel". Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
The Middle East and North Africa 2003. Psychology Press. ISBN 9781857431322. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
Walmsley, Hugh Mulleneux (1 April 1858). "Sketches of Algeria During the Kabyle War". Chapman and Hall. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
Wysner, Glora M. (30 January 2013). The Kabyle People. Read Books Ltd. ISBN 9781447483526. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
The Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier. 1 April 1990. ISBN 9780717201211. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
Field, Henry Martyn (1 April 1893). "The Barbary Coast". C. Scribner's Sons. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live InHugh Kennedy Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Hachette UK,
Gibraltar: Croisée de mondes : d'Hercule à Boabdil Archived 5 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine Zakya Daoud Séguier
The History of Northern Africa Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Britannica Educational Publishing Britannica Educational Publishing
Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger Routledge
Historical Dictionary of Tunisia Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Kenneth J. Perkins Rowman & Littlefield
Islam, 01 AH-250 AH: A Chronology of Events Archived 3 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine Abu Tariq Hijazi Message Publications,
"Fatimid Dynasty (Islamic dynasty)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
"Qantara". Qantara-med.org. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
"Qantara – Les Almoravides (1056–1147)". Qantara-med.org. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
Khaldūn, Ibn (1852). Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique Septentrionale Par Ibn Khaldūn, William MacGuckin Slane [History of the Berbers and the Muslim dynasties of northern Africa] (in French). p. XV. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Khaldūn, Ibn (1852). Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique Septentrionale Par Ibn Khaldūn, William MacGuckin Slane [History of the Berbers and the Muslim dynasties of northern Africa] (in French). pp. X. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Ilahiane, Hsain (17 July 2006). Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810864900. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
Nanjira, Daniel Don (1 April 2010). African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780313379826. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
Fage, J. D. (1 April 1958). "An Atlas of African History". E. Arnold. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021 – via Google Books.
The Puffin History of the World: Volume 1 Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine, By Roshen Dalal
Revue africaine: Archived 9 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine journal des travaux de la Société historique algérienne, Volumes 105–106 Kraus Reprint,
Vers la paix en Algérie: Archived 5 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine les négociations d'Evian dans les archives diplomatiques françaises (15 janvier 1961-29 juin 1962). Bruylant,
The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3 Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine – J.D. Fage
In Barbary: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and the Sahara Archived 9 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine Edward Alexander Powell Century Company
Les Berbers dans l'histoire: De la Kahina à l'occupation Turque Archived 5 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine Mouloud Gaïd Editions Mimouni
"The Great Mosque of Tlemcen". MuslimHeritage.com. Foundation for Science Technology and Civilization. 8 December 2004. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
Populations Crises and Population Cycles Archived 27 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Claire Russell and W. M. S. Russell
du moyen age Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Louis Cibrario Libraire de Guillaumin et C.ie
Les états de l'Occident musulman aux XIIIe, XIVe et XVe siècles: institutions gouvernementales et administratives Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Atallah Dhina Office des Publications Universitaires,
Histoire générale de la Tunisie, Volume 2 Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Hédi Slim, Ammar Mahjoubi, Khaled Belkhodja, Hichem Djaït, Abdelmajid Ennabli Sud éditions,
Recueil des Notices et Memoires Archived 18 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine, Volumes 52–53 Société archéologique du département de Constantine
Recueil des Notices et Memoires Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine, Volumes 52–53 Société archéologique du département de Constantine
La dynastie marocaine des Beni Wattâs Archived 26 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine (1420–1544) Auguste Cour P. Geuthner
Recueil des notices et mémoires de la Société archéologique du département de Constantine Archived 6 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine L. Arnolet,
García, Luis Arciniega (1 January 1999). "Defensa a la antigua y a la moderna en el Reino de Valencia durante el siglo XVI". Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie VII, Historia del Arte (in Spanish) (12). doi:10.5944/etfvii.12.1999.2343. ISSN 2340-1478. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
MARIANA, Juan de (1849). Historia General de España ... con la continuacion de Miniana; completada ... por E. Chao. Enriquecida con notas historicas y criticas, etc (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
"Algeria – Ottoman Rule". Country Studies. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Robert Davis (17 February 2011). "British Slaves on the Barbary Coast". BBC. Archived from the original on 25 April 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2008.
"British Slaves on the Barbary Coast". Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 7 September 2008.
Povoledo, Elisabetta (26 September 2003). "The Mysteries and Majesties of the Aeolian Islands". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
"When Europeans were slaves: Research suggests white slavery was much more common than previously believed". Ohio State Research Communications. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011.
"Vísindavefurinn: Hverjir stóðu raunverulega að Tyrkjaráninu?" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Vísindavefurinn.
"Vísindavefurinn: Hvað gerðist í Tyrkjaráninu?" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Vísindavefurinn.
"Turkish invasion walk" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. heimaslod.is.
Etravel Travel service. "Turkish Invasion – Visit Westman Islands .com" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. visitwestmanislands.com.
"Vísindavefurinn: Voru Tyrkjarán framin í öðrum löndum?" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Vísindavefurinn.
Morocco in the Reign of Mawlay Sulayman Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine – Mohamed El Mansour Middle East & North African Studies Press, 1990 – Morocco – 248 pages: Pg 104
Littell, Eliakim (1836). The Museum of foreign literature, science and art. E. Littell. p. 231. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
"Background Note: Algeria". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 19 June 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
Jalata, Asafa (2016). Phases of Terrorism in the Age of Globalization: From Christopher Columbus to Osama bin Laden. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-1-137-55234-1. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
Bennoune, Mahfoud (2002). The Making of Contemporary Algeria, 1830–1987. Cambridge University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-521-52432-2. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
"Had planning been better (barracks, hospitals, medical services), the drain on men would have been miniscule: it has been calculated that between 1831 and 1851, 92,329 died in hospital, and only 3,336 in battle." The Military and Colonial Destruction of the Roman Landscape of North Africa ... – Michael Greenhalgh, p366 [1] Archived 20 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine
Lahmeyer, Jan (11 October 2003). "Algeria (Djazaïria) historical demographic data of the whole country". Population Statistics. populstat.info. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
Ruedy, John Douglas (2005). Modern Algeria: The Origins And Development of a Nation. Indiana University Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-253-21782-0. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Ricoux, René (1880). La démographie figurée de l'Algérie: étude statistique des... [The figurative demographics of Algeria]. G. Masson. pp. 260–261. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
"Le rêve arabe de Napoléon III". lhistoire.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
Randell, Keith (1986). France: Monarchy, Republic and Empire, 1814–70. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-51805-2. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015.^{[page needed]}
United States Military Academy. Department of Military Art and Engineering (1947). The War in North Africa Part 2—The Allied Invasion. West Point, NY: Department of Military Art and Engineering, United States Military Academy. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
"French 'Reparation' for Algerians". BBC News. 6 December 2007. Archived from the original on 20 April 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
Kevin Shillington (2013). Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set. Routledge. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-135-45670-2. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
Abdelkader Aoudjit (2010). The Algerian Novel and Colonial Discourse: Witnessing to a Différend. Peter Lang. p. 179. ISBN 9781433110740. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
Ussama Samir Makdisi; Paul A. Silverstein (2006). Memory and Violence in the Middle East and North Africa. Indiana University Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-253-34655-1. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
"Country Profile: Algeria". Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Archived from the original on 13 December 2010.
Prochaska, David. "That Was Then, This Is Now: The Battle of Algiers and After". p. 141. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
"98 Die in One of Algerian Civil War's Worst Massacres Archived 23 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine". The New York Times. 30 August 1997.
Freedom House. "Freedom in the World 2013: Algeria". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
"Algeria Officially Lifts State of Emergency". CNN. 24 February 2011. Archived from the original on 1 March 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
"Algeria". African Economic Outlook. Archived from the original on 26 March 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
"Algeria parliament to meet on Tuesday to name interim president". Al Jazeera. 6 April 2019. Archived from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
"Algeria: Who is new president Abdelmadjid Tebboune?". The Africa Report.com. 17 December 2019. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
"Earth from Space: Algerian sands". www.esa.int. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
Metz, Helen Chapin. "Algeria : a country study". United States Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
Benzerga, Mohamed (24 August 2015). "Heatwaves are on the rise in Algeria due to climate change, says specialist". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
"Algeria". Climate Change Performance Index. 28 November 2019. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
Hodges, K. "National Animals of African Countries". Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
"Crocodiles in the Sahara Desert: An Update of Distribution, Habitats and Population Status for Conservation Planning in Mauritania Archived 10 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine". PLOS ONE. 25 February 2011.
"What's happening in Algeria… is it the "Arab spring"? (فراس صليبا)". Lebanese Forces Official Website. 12 April 2019. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
"Algeria – Country Profile – Nations Online Project". nationsonline.org. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
"Still waiting for real democracy". The Economist. 12 May 2012. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
"The president and the police". The Economist. 4 May 2010. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
Michaelson, Ruth (3 April 2019). "Algeria's president Abdelaziz Bouteflika resigns after 20 years". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
"Algeria election: Fresh protests as Tebboune replaces Bouteflika". BBC News. 13 December 2019. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
Articles: 85, 87, 77, 78 and 79 of the Algerian constitution Algerian government. "Constitution". Archived from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
"Algeria". Freedom in the World 2013. Freedom House. Archived from the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
Article 42 of the Algerian constitution – Algerian Government. "Algerian constitution الحـقــوق والحــرّيـات". Archived from the original on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
"IPU PARLINE database: ALGERIA (Al-Majlis Al-Chaabi Al-Watani), Full text". archive.ipu.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
"France offers compensation to victims sickened by nuclear tests". Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
"Algeria stops gas supplies to Spain via Morocco, as diplomatic row with Rabat intensifies". Upstream. 2 November 2021. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
Hackett, James, ed. (5 February 2008). The Military Balance 2008. International Institute for Strategic Studies. Europa. ISBN 978-1-85743-461-3. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
"Algeria buying military equipment". United Press International. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
"The Nuclear Vault: The Algerian Nuclear Problem". Gwu.edu. Archived from the original on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
"Venezuela's Chavez To Finalise Russian Submarines Deal". Agence France-Presse. 14 June 2007. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
"Freedom in the World". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
Monitor, Euro-Med (December 2016). "Algeria must stop crushing dissent by imprisoning journalists and activists". Euro-Mediterranean. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Izouaouen, Noreddine (4 December 2017). "Algérie : Dissolution du Snateg, le secrétaire général conteste". Maghreb Emergent (in French). Archived from the original on 15 March 2018.
"Le Snategs dénonce et décide de porter plainte | Le Matin d'Algérie". Le Matin d'Algérie (in French). Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
"Algérie : Les droits des travailleurs bafoués" (in French). Human Rights Watch. 27 May 2014. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
"Here are the 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death". The Washington Post. 16 June 2016. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
"2010 Human Rights Report: Algeria". US Department of State. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
"Are Arabs turning their backs on religion?". 24 June 2019. Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
"During Pandemic, Algeria Tightens Vise on Protest Movement". Human Rights Watch. 29 April 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
"Wildfire Management Policies in Algeria: Present and Future Needs1,2" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 May 2017.
"Algeria: 2011 Article IV Consultation" (PDF). IMF. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
"Members of the GAFTA – Greater Arab Free Trade Area". Worlddata.info. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
"KUNA : Algeria officially joins AU free trade agreement – Economics – 16/12/2019". kuna.net.kw. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
"General presentation of Association Agreement". caci.dz. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
"Doing Business in Algeria". Embassy of the United States Algiers, Algeria. Archived from the original on 28 December 2012.
Dubessy, Frédéric. "Turkey strengthens its investments in Algeria". Econostrum | Economic News in the Mediterranean. Archived from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
"OPEC Bulletin 8-9/12". p. 15. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
"Exportations hors hydrocarbures: une recette de près de 3 mds de dollars durant les huit 1ers mois de 2021". APS. 13 November 2021. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
"Country Comparison: Natural Gas – Proved Reserves". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
Benchicou, Mohamed (27 May 2013). "Le temps des crapules – Tout sur l'Algérie". Tsa-algerie.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014.
"Country Analysis Briefs – Algeria" (PDF). Energy Information Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 May 2013.
"Country Trends". Global Footprint Network. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
"Italy and Spain Hold Talks to Head Off Tension Over Algerian Gas". Bloomberg.com. 12 April 2022. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
"Italy looks to demote Russia and make Algeria its top gas supplier". POLITICO. 11 April 2022. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
"Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Algerian Program (English Version)". Archived from the original on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
UNESCO. "UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Archived from the original on 19 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
"Algeria – Drainage". Britannica. Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
"Algérie a atteint 40,4 millions d'habitants (ONS)". ons. 17 April 2013. Archived from the original on 5 December 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
"Algeria – Population". Library of Congress Country Studies. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
"2013 UNHCR country operations profile – Algeria". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
"World Refugee Survey 2009: Algeria". U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 2009. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
"Western Sahara: Lack of Donor Funds Threatens Humanitarian Projects". IRIN. 5 September 2007. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
"Chinese Migrants in Algiers Clash". BBC News. 4 August 2009. Archived from the original on 6 December 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
"Fiches thématiques – Population immigrée – Immigrés 2012". Insee. Archived from the original on 20 February 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
"Algeria: Provinces & Major Cities – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
"Diversité et interculturalité en Algérie" (PDF). UNESCO. 2009. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2013.
Ruedy, John Douglas (2005). Modern Algeria – The Origins and Development of a Nation. Indiana University Press. p. 22. ISBN 9780253217820. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
De Epalza, Mikel (2011). El español hablado en Túnez por los moriscos (siglos XVII-XVIII). Universitat de València. pp. 32–38–39–444. ISBN 978-84-370-8415-2. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017.
Laaredj-Campbell, Anne (10 December 2015). Changing Female Literacy Practices in Algeria: Empirical Study on Cultural Construction of Gender and Empowerment. Springer. ISBN 978-3-658-11633-0. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
Marion Mill Preminger (1961). The sands of Tamanrasset: the story of Charles de Foucauld. Hawthorn Books. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015.
De Azevedo; Raimond Cagiano (1994). Migration and Development Co-Operation. Council of Europe. p. 25. ISBN 9789287126115. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
"Constitution of Algeria". Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021 – via Wikisource.
Wexler, Paul (1 February 2012). The Non-Jewish Origins of the Sephardic Jews. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-2393-7. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
"L'Algérie crée une académie de la langue amazigh". Magharebia.com. 2 June 2006. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011.
Baldauf, Richard B.; Kaplan, Robert B. (1 January 2007). Language Planning and Policy in Africa. Multilingual Matters. ISBN 978-1-84769-011-1. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
Dargin, Justin (19 November 2008). "Algeria's Liberation, Terrorism, and Arabization". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013.
Leclerc, Jacques (5 April 2009). "Algérie: Situation géographique et démolinguistique". L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde (in French). Université Laval. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
"La mondialisation, une chance pour la francophonie". Senat.fr. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2013. () "L'Algérie, non-membre de l'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, comptabilise la seconde communauté francophone au monde, avec environ 16 millions de locuteurs, suivie par la Côte d'Ivoire avec près de 12 millions de locuteurs francophones, le Québec avec 6 millions et la Belgique avec plus de 4 millions de francophones."
"Le dénombrement des francophones" (PDF). Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2013. () p. 9 "Nous y agrégeons néanmoins quelques données disponibles pour des pays n'appartenant pas à l'OIF mais dont nous savons, comme pour l'Algérie (11,2 millions en 2008¹)," and "1. Nombre de personnes âgées de cinq ans et plus déclarant savoir lire et écrire le français, d'après les données du recensement de 2008 communiquées par l'Office national des statistiques d'Algérie."
https://web.archive.org/web/20240118183348/https://www.francophonie.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/Rapport-La-langue-francaise-dans-le-monde_VF-2022.pdf The French Language in the World, 2022 edition, page 35
"Religion in Algeria". Global Religious Futures. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2010. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013.
De Azevedo, Raimondo Cagiano (1994) Migration and development co-operation. Archived 29 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Council of Europe. p. 25. ISBN 92-871-2611-9.
"Algeria". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
"Data Analysis Tool – Arab Barometer". Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
"The Arab world in seven charts: Are Arabs turning their backs on religion?". Arab Barometer, BBC News. 23 June 2019. Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
"Young Arabs are Changing their Beliefs and Perceptions: New Survey". Fanack. 31 December 2019. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
Bheria (17 February 2022). "Arabs Are Getting More Religious. Why Isn't Western Media Reporting It?". The Muslim Skeptic. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
"Library of Congress Country Studies – Algeria" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
Kemp, Thomas Jay (2009). International Vital Records Handbook. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 347. ISBN 978-0-8063-1793-9. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
"Le taux d'analphabétisme en Algérie réduit à 7,94% en 2021". Algérie presse service (in French). 8 September 2021. Archived from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
"Ecoles privées, Tamazight, enseignement du Français, syndicats ... – Les vérités de Benbouzid". Presse-dz.com. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
"Le taux d'analphabétisme en Algérie est de 21,3%". Algerie-dz.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
"Taux d'Analphabétisme et taux d'Alphabétisation de la population âgée de 10 ans et plus selon le sexe et la wilaya de résidence" (PDF). Office National des Statistiques. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
"Algeria | Ranking Web of Universities". Webometrics.info. Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
WIPO (30 October 2023). Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition. World Intellectual Property Organization. doi:10.34667/tind.46596. ISBN 9789280534320. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023 – via www.wipo.int.
"Global Innovation Index". INSEAD Knowledge. 28 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
"Tahar Djaout". French Publishers' Agency. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
"Short guide to contemporary Algerian cinema". Mapping Contemporary Cinema. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
"Mohammed Khadda". Khadda.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
Honorary and Goodwill Ambassadors (20 January 2017). "Algerian novelist Ahlem Mosteghanemi designated UNESCO artist for peace". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Archived from the original on 7 May 2017.
Saadallah, Rabah (1981). El-Hadj Mh́amed el-Anka : maître et rénovateur de la musique chaabi. Maison des livres. OCLC 581750786. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
Ali, Sahar (25 March 2014) ALGÉRIE Archived 3 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine. European Audiovisual Observatory
"Sports and recreation". Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2012.

webometrics.info

"Algeria | Ranking Web of Universities". Webometrics.info. Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2013.

weebly.com

algeriansareawesome.weebly.com

"Recreations and Leisure". Algeria. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

wikimedia.org

upload.wikimedia.org

/ælˈdʒɪəriə/ ^ⓘ al-JEER-ee-ə; Arabic: الجزائر, romanized: al-Jazāʾir, [al.d͡ʒazaːʔir]; French: Algérie

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Hannay, David McDowall (1911). "Barbary Pirates" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 383–384.
"Constitution of Algeria". Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021 – via Wikisource.

wipo.int

WIPO (30 October 2023). Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition. World Intellectual Property Organization. doi:10.34667/tind.46596. ISBN 9789280534320. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023 – via www.wipo.int.

worldatlas.com

"The Cuisine of Algeria". WorldAtlas. 13 June 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2023.

worldbank.org

data.worldbank.org

"GINI index (World Bank estimate)". World Bank. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

worldcat.org

García, Luis Arciniega (1 January 1999). "Defensa a la antigua y a la moderna en el Reino de Valencia durante el siglo XVI". Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie VII, Historia del Arte (in Spanish) (12). doi:10.5944/etfvii.12.1999.2343. ISSN 2340-1478. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
Sahnoune, F.; Belhamel, M.; Zelmat, M.; Kerbachi, R. (1 January 2013). "Climate Change in Algeria: Vulnerability and Strategy of Mitigation and Adaptation". Energy Procedia. TerraGreen 13 International Conference 2013 – Advancements in Renewable Energy and Clean Environment. 36: 1286–1294. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.145. ISSN 1876-6102.
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.
Maraf, Baya; Osam, Ulker Vanci (2023). "The booming wave of English in the linguistic landscape in Algeria: Timeline of the presence of English language in Algerian bottom-up signs". English Today. 39 (4): 307–314. doi:10.1017/S026607842200013X. ISSN 0266-0784.
Saadallah, Rabah (1981). El-Hadj Mh́amed el-Anka : maître et rénovateur de la musique chaabi. Maison des livres. OCLC 581750786. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
Amara, Mahfoud; Bouandel, Youcef (3 October 2022). "Algeria and the FIFA World Cup: between political legitimization and regional rivalry". Soccer & Society. 23 (7): 735–746. doi:10.1080/14660970.2022.2108241. ISSN 1466-0970.

worlddata.info

"Members of the GAFTA – Greater Arab Free Trade Area". Worlddata.info. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.

zawya.com

Hackett, James, ed. (5 February 2008). The Military Balance 2008. International Institute for Strategic Studies. Europa. ISBN 978-1-85743-461-3. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2008.