Alpha particle (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Alpha particle" in English language version.

Last modified: 07:59:19, 6 August 2026 (UTC)

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adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Rutherford, E.; Geiger, Hans (1908). "The Charge and Nature of the α-Particle". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 81 (546): 162–173. Bibcode:1908RSPSA..81..162R. doi:10.1098/rspa.1908.0066. ISSN 0950-1207. JSTOR 92981.
Morrison, P.; Pine, J. (1955). "Radiogenic Origin of the Helium Isotopes in Rock". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 62 (3): 71–92. Bibcode:1955NYASA..62...71M. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1955.tb35366.x. ISSN 0077-8923.
Little, John B.; Kennedy, Ann R.; McGandy, Robert B. (1985). "Effect of Dose Rate on the Induction of Experimental Lung Cancer in Hamsters by α Radiation". Radiation Research. 103 (2): 293–9. Bibcode:1985RadR..103..293L. doi:10.2307/3576584. JSTOR 3576584. PMID 4023181.
Radford, Edward P.; Hunt, Vilma R. (1964). "Polonium-210: A Volatile Radioelement in Cigarettes". Science. 143 (3603): 247–249. Bibcode:1964Sci...143..247R. doi:10.1126/science.143.3603.247. PMID 14078362. S2CID 23455633.
Agakishiev, H.; et al. (STAR collaboration) (2011). "Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus". Nature. 473 (7347): 353–6. arXiv:1103.3312. Bibcode:2011Natur.473..353S. doi:10.1038/nature10079. PMID 21516103. S2CID 118484566.. See also "Erratum". Nature. 475 (7356): 412. 2011. arXiv:1103.3312. doi:10.1038/nature10264. S2CID 4359058.
Arazi, L.; Cooks, T.; Schmidt, M.; Keisari, Y.; Kelson, I. (21 August 2007). "Treatment of solid tumors by interstitial release of recoiling short-lived alpha emitters". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 52 (16): 5025–42. Bibcode:2007PMB....52.5025A. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/16/021. PMID 17671351. S2CID 1585204.
May, T. C.; Woods, M. H. (1979). "Alpha-particle-induced soft errors in dynamic memories". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 26 (1): 2–9. Bibcode:1979ITED...26....2M. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1979.19370. S2CID 43748644.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Ernest Rutherford (1899). "Uranium Radiation and the Electrical conduction Produced by it". Philosophical Magazine. 47 (284): 109–163.
Ernest Rutherford (1903). "XV. The Magnetic and Electric Deviation of the easily absorbed Rays from Radium". Philosophical Magazine. 6. 5: 177-187.
Ernest Rutherford; Thomas Royds (1909). "XXI. The nature of the α particle from radioactive substances". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 17 (98): 281–286. doi:10.1080/14786440208636599. ISSN 1941-5982.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Agakishiev, H.; et al. (STAR collaboration) (2011). "Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus". Nature. 473 (7347): 353–6. arXiv:1103.3312. Bibcode:2011Natur.473..353S. doi:10.1038/nature10079. PMID 21516103. S2CID 118484566.. See also "Erratum". Nature. 475 (7356): 412. 2011. arXiv:1103.3312. doi:10.1038/nature10264. S2CID 4359058.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Rutherford distinguished and named α and β rays on page 116 of: E. Rutherford (1899) "Uranium radiation and the electrical conduction produced by it", Philosophical Magazine, Series 5, vol. 47, no. 284, pages 109–163. Rutherford named γ rays on page 177 of: E. Rutherford (1903) "The magnetic and electric deviation of the easily absorbed rays from radium", Philosophical Magazine, Series 6, vol. 5, no. 26, pages 177–187.

chemteam.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ernest Rutherford (March 1914). "The Structure of the Atom". Philosophical Magazine. 6. 27: 488–498. It is obvious from the consideration of the cases of hydrogen and helium, where hydrogen has one electron and helium two, that the number of electrons cannot be exactly half the atomic weight in all cases. This has led to an interesting suggestion by van den Broek that the number of units of charge on the nucleus, and consequently the number of external electrons, may be equal to the number of the elements when arranged in order of increasing atomic weight.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Rutherford, E.; Geiger, Hans (1908). "The Charge and Nature of the α-Particle". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 81 (546): 162–173. Bibcode:1908RSPSA..81..162R. doi:10.1098/rspa.1908.0066. ISSN 0950-1207. JSTOR 92981.
Morrison, P.; Pine, J. (1955). "Radiogenic Origin of the Helium Isotopes in Rock". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 62 (3): 71–92. Bibcode:1955NYASA..62...71M. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1955.tb35366.x. ISSN 0077-8923.
Christensen, D. M.; Iddins, C. J.; Sugarman, S. L. (2014). "Ionizing radiation injuries and illnesses". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 32 (1): 245–65. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2013.10.002. PMID 24275177.
Little, John B.; Kennedy, Ann R.; McGandy, Robert B. (1985). "Effect of Dose Rate on the Induction of Experimental Lung Cancer in Hamsters by α Radiation". Radiation Research. 103 (2): 293–9. Bibcode:1985RadR..103..293L. doi:10.2307/3576584. JSTOR 3576584. PMID 4023181.
Grellier, James; et al. (2017). "Risk of lung cancer mortality in nuclear workers from internal exposure to alpha particle-emitting radionuclides". Epidemiology. 28 (5): 675–684. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000684. PMC 5540354. PMID 28520643.
Radford, Edward P.; Hunt, Vilma R. (1964). "Polonium-210: A Volatile Radioelement in Cigarettes". Science. 143 (3603): 247–249. Bibcode:1964Sci...143..247R. doi:10.1126/science.143.3603.247. PMID 14078362. S2CID 23455633.
Ernest Rutherford (1906). "The Mass and Velocity of the α particles expelled from Radium and Actinium". Philosophical Magazine. Series 6. 12 (70): 348–371. doi:10.1080/14786440609463549. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023.
Ernest Rutherford; Thomas Royds (1909). "XXI. The nature of the α particle from radioactive substances". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 17 (98): 281–286. doi:10.1080/14786440208636599. ISSN 1941-5982.
Agakishiev, H.; et al. (STAR collaboration) (2011). "Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus". Nature. 473 (7347): 353–6. arXiv:1103.3312. Bibcode:2011Natur.473..353S. doi:10.1038/nature10079. PMID 21516103. S2CID 118484566.. See also "Erratum". Nature. 475 (7356): 412. 2011. arXiv:1103.3312. doi:10.1038/nature10264. S2CID 4359058.
Parker, C.; Nilsson, S.; Heinrich, D. (18 July 2013). "Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer". New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (3): 213–223. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1213755. PMID 23863050.
Arazi, L.; Cooks, T.; Schmidt, M.; Keisari, Y.; Kelson, I. (21 August 2007). "Treatment of solid tumors by interstitial release of recoiling short-lived alpha emitters". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 52 (16): 5025–42. Bibcode:2007PMB....52.5025A. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/16/021. PMID 17671351. S2CID 1585204.
Tafreshi, Narges K.; Doligalski, Michael L.; Tichacek, Christopher J.; Pandya, Darpan N.; Budzevich, Mikalai M.; El-Haddad, Ghassan; Khushalani, Nikhil I.; Moros, Eduardo G.; McLaughlin, Mark L.; Wadas, Thaddeus J.; Morse, David L. (26 November 2019). "Development of Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy for Solid Tumors". Molecules. 24 (23): 4314. doi:10.3390/molecules24234314. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 6930656. PMID 31779154.
May, T. C.; Woods, M. H. (1979). "Alpha-particle-induced soft errors in dynamic memories". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 26 (1): 2–9. Bibcode:1979ITED...26....2M. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1979.19370. S2CID 43748644.

epa.gov (Global: 961^st place; English: 595^th place)

"Americium in Ionization Smoke Detectors". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 27 November 2018. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Rutherford, E.; Geiger, Hans (1908). "The Charge and Nature of the α-Particle". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 81 (546): 162–173. Bibcode:1908RSPSA..81..162R. doi:10.1098/rspa.1908.0066. ISSN 0950-1207. JSTOR 92981.
Little, John B.; Kennedy, Ann R.; McGandy, Robert B. (1985). "Effect of Dose Rate on the Induction of Experimental Lung Cancer in Hamsters by α Radiation". Radiation Research. 103 (2): 293–9. Bibcode:1985RadR..103..293L. doi:10.2307/3576584. JSTOR 3576584. PMID 4023181.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Christensen, D. M.; Iddins, C. J.; Sugarman, S. L. (2014). "Ionizing radiation injuries and illnesses". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 32 (1): 245–65. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2013.10.002. PMID 24275177.
Little, John B.; Kennedy, Ann R.; McGandy, Robert B. (1985). "Effect of Dose Rate on the Induction of Experimental Lung Cancer in Hamsters by α Radiation". Radiation Research. 103 (2): 293–9. Bibcode:1985RadR..103..293L. doi:10.2307/3576584. JSTOR 3576584. PMID 4023181.
Grellier, James; et al. (2017). "Risk of lung cancer mortality in nuclear workers from internal exposure to alpha particle-emitting radionuclides". Epidemiology. 28 (5): 675–684. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000684. PMC 5540354. PMID 28520643.
Radford, Edward P.; Hunt, Vilma R. (1964). "Polonium-210: A Volatile Radioelement in Cigarettes". Science. 143 (3603): 247–249. Bibcode:1964Sci...143..247R. doi:10.1126/science.143.3603.247. PMID 14078362. S2CID 23455633.
Agakishiev, H.; et al. (STAR collaboration) (2011). "Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus". Nature. 473 (7347): 353–6. arXiv:1103.3312. Bibcode:2011Natur.473..353S. doi:10.1038/nature10079. PMID 21516103. S2CID 118484566.. See also "Erratum". Nature. 475 (7356): 412. 2011. arXiv:1103.3312. doi:10.1038/nature10264. S2CID 4359058.
Parker, C.; Nilsson, S.; Heinrich, D. (18 July 2013). "Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer". New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (3): 213–223. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1213755. PMID 23863050.
Arazi, L.; Cooks, T.; Schmidt, M.; Keisari, Y.; Kelson, I. (21 August 2007). "Treatment of solid tumors by interstitial release of recoiling short-lived alpha emitters". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 52 (16): 5025–42. Bibcode:2007PMB....52.5025A. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/16/021. PMID 17671351. S2CID 1585204.
Tafreshi, Narges K.; Doligalski, Michael L.; Tichacek, Christopher J.; Pandya, Darpan N.; Budzevich, Mikalai M.; El-Haddad, Ghassan; Khushalani, Nikhil I.; Moros, Eduardo G.; McLaughlin, Mark L.; Wadas, Thaddeus J.; Morse, David L. (26 November 2019). "Development of Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy for Solid Tumors". Molecules. 24 (23): 4314. doi:10.3390/molecules24234314. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 6930656. PMID 31779154.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Grellier, James; et al. (2017). "Risk of lung cancer mortality in nuclear workers from internal exposure to alpha particle-emitting radionuclides". Epidemiology. 28 (5): 675–684. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000684. PMC 5540354. PMID 28520643.
Tafreshi, Narges K.; Doligalski, Michael L.; Tichacek, Christopher J.; Pandya, Darpan N.; Budzevich, Mikalai M.; El-Haddad, Ghassan; Khushalani, Nikhil I.; Moros, Eduardo G.; McLaughlin, Mark L.; Wadas, Thaddeus J.; Morse, David L. (26 November 2019). "Development of Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy for Solid Tumors". Molecules. 24 (23): 4314. doi:10.3390/molecules24234314. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 6930656. PMID 31779154.

nist.gov (Global: 708^th place; English: 742^nd place)

physics.nist.gov

"2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
"2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
"2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
"2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle rms charge radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Cowell, Alan (24 November 2006). "Radiation Poisoning Killed Ex-Russian Spy". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 September 2011.

orau.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Static Eliminators (1960s and 1980s)". Retrieved 30 December 2023.

physorg.com (Global: 8,229^th place; English: 8,138^th place)

"Antihelium-4: Physicists nab new record for heaviest antimatter". PhysOrg. 24 April 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2011.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Radford, Edward P.; Hunt, Vilma R. (1964). "Polonium-210: A Volatile Radioelement in Cigarettes". Science. 143 (3603): 247–249. Bibcode:1964Sci...143..247R. doi:10.1126/science.143.3603.247. PMID 14078362. S2CID 23455633.
Agakishiev, H.; et al. (STAR collaboration) (2011). "Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus". Nature. 473 (7347): 353–6. arXiv:1103.3312. Bibcode:2011Natur.473..353S. doi:10.1038/nature10079. PMID 21516103. S2CID 118484566.. See also "Erratum". Nature. 475 (7356): 412. 2011. arXiv:1103.3312. doi:10.1038/nature10264. S2CID 4359058.
Arazi, L.; Cooks, T.; Schmidt, M.; Keisari, Y.; Kelson, I. (21 August 2007). "Treatment of solid tumors by interstitial release of recoiling short-lived alpha emitters". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 52 (16): 5025–42. Bibcode:2007PMB....52.5025A. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/16/021. PMID 17671351. S2CID 1585204.
May, T. C.; Woods, M. H. (1979). "Alpha-particle-induced soft errors in dynamic memories". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 26 (1): 2–9. Bibcode:1979ITED...26....2M. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1979.19370. S2CID 43748644.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Ernest Rutherford (1906). "The Mass and Velocity of the α particles expelled from Radium and Actinium". Philosophical Magazine. Series 6. 12 (70): 348–371. doi:10.1080/14786440609463549. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023.
"Americium in Ionization Smoke Detectors". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 27 November 2018. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Morrison, P.; Pine, J. (1955). "Radiogenic Origin of the Helium Isotopes in Rock". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 62 (3): 71–92. Bibcode:1955NYASA..62...71M. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1955.tb35366.x. ISSN 0077-8923.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Bohan, Elise; Dinwiddie, Robert; Challoner, Jack; Stuart, Colin; Harvey, Derek; Wragg-Sykes, Rebecca; Chrisp, Peter; Hubbard, Ben; Parker, Phillip; et al. (Writers) (February 2016). Big History. Foreword by David Christian (1st American ed.). New York: DK. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-4654-5443-0. OCLC 940282526.
Rutherford, E.; Geiger, Hans (1908). "The Charge and Nature of the α-Particle". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 81 (546): 162–173. Bibcode:1908RSPSA..81..162R. doi:10.1098/rspa.1908.0066. ISSN 0950-1207. JSTOR 92981.
Morrison, P.; Pine, J. (1955). "Radiogenic Origin of the Helium Isotopes in Rock". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 62 (3): 71–92. Bibcode:1955NYASA..62...71M. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1955.tb35366.x. ISSN 0077-8923.
Firestone, Richard B.; Baglin, Coral M. (1999). Table of isotopes (8th ed.). New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-35633-6. OCLC 43118182.
Ernest Rutherford; Thomas Royds (1909). "XXI. The nature of the α particle from radioactive substances". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 17 (98): 281–286. doi:10.1080/14786440208636599. ISSN 1941-5982.
Tafreshi, Narges K.; Doligalski, Michael L.; Tichacek, Christopher J.; Pandya, Darpan N.; Budzevich, Mikalai M.; El-Haddad, Ghassan; Khushalani, Nikhil I.; Moros, Eduardo G.; McLaughlin, Mark L.; Wadas, Thaddeus J.; Morse, David L. (26 November 2019). "Development of Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy for Solid Tumors". Molecules. 24 (23): 4314. doi:10.3390/molecules24234314. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 6930656. PMID 31779154.

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)

Ernest Rutherford (1906). "The Mass and Velocity of the α particles expelled from Radium and Actinium". Philosophical Magazine. Series 6. 12 (70): 348–371. doi:10.1080/14786440609463549. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023.

Alpha particle (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49th place; English: 31st place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

chemteam.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

epa.gov (Global: 961st place; English: 595th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)