American black bear (English Wikipedia)

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Krause, J.; Unger, T.; Noçon, A.; Malaspinas, A.; Kolokotronis, S.; Stiller, M.; Soibelzon, L.; Spriggs, H.; Dear, P. H.; Briggs, A. W.; Bray, S. C. E.; O'Brien, S. J.; Rabeder, G.; Matheus, P.; Cooper, A.; Slatkin, M.; Pääbo, S.; Hofreiter, M. (2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (#220): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
Wolverton, S.; Lyman, R. L. (1998). "Measuring late Quaternary Ursid diminution in the Midwest". Quaternary Research. 49 (3): 322–329. Bibcode:1998QuRes..49..322W. doi:10.1006/qres.1998.1964. S2CID 13028298.
Qiu, Z. (2003). "Dispersals of Neogene Carnivorans between Asia and North America". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 279: 18–31. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2003)279<0018:C>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 88183435. Archived from the original on January 23, 2022. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
Schubert, B. W.; Hulbert, R. C. Jr.; MacFadden, B. J.; Searle, M.; Searle, S. (2010). "Giant short-faced bears (Arctodus simus) in Pleistocene Florida USA, a substantial range expansion". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (1): 79–87. Bibcode:2010JPal...84...79S. doi:10.1666/09-113.1. S2CID 131532424.
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McCain, Stephanie; Ramsay, Ed; Kirk, Claudia (June 1, 2013). "The effects of hibernation and captivity on glucose metabolism and thyroid hormones in American black bear (Ursus americanus)". Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 44 (2): 324–332. doi:10.1638/2012-0146R1.1. PMID 23805551. S2CID 21582518.
Jansen, Heiko T.; Leise, Tanya; Stenhouse, Gordon; Pigeon, Karine; Kasworm, Wayne; Teisberg, Justin; Radandt, Thomas; Dallmann, Robert; Brown, Steven; Robbins, Charles T. (December 2016). "The bear circadian clock doesn't 'sleep' during winter dormancy". Frontiers in Zoology. 13 (1): 42. doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0173-x. PMC 5026772. PMID 27660641.
Iaizzo, Paul A.; Laske, Timothy G.; Harlow, Henry J.; McCLAY, Carolyn B.; Garshelis, David L. (March 1, 2012). "Wound healing during hibernation by black bears (Ursus americanus) in the wild: elicitation of reduced scar formation". Integrative Zoology. 7 (1): 48–60. doi:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2011.00280.x. PMID 22405448. S2CID 38880222.
Lohuis, T. D.; Harlow, H. J.; Beck, T. D. I.; Iaizzo, P. A. (May 1, 2007). "Hibernating Bears Conserve Muscle Strength and Maintain Fatigue Resistance". Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 80 (3): 257–269. doi:10.1086/513190. hdl:20.500.11919/2961. PMID 17390282. S2CID 8738656. Archived from the original on March 3, 2024. Retrieved June 19, 2023.
Pardy, Connor K.; Wohl, Gregory R.; Ukrainetz, Philip J.; Sawers, Andrew; Boyd, Steven K.; Zernicke, Ronald F. (August 1, 2004). "Maintenance of bone mass and architecture in denning black bears (Ursus americanus)". Journal of Zoology. 263 (4): 359–364. doi:10.1017/S0952836904005412.
McGee-Lawrence, Meghan E.; Wojda, Samantha J.; Barlow, Lindsay N.; Drummer, Thomas D.; Bunnell, Kevin; Auger, Janene; Black, Hal L.; Donahue, Seth W. (July 22, 2009). "Six months of disuse during hibernation does not increase intracortical porosity or decrease cortical bone geometry, strength, or mineralization in black bear (Ursus americanus) femurs". Journal of Biomechanics. 42 (10): 1378–1383. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.11.039. PMC 2707508. PMID 19450804.
Tøien, Øivind; Blake, John; Edgar, Dale M.; Grahn, Dennis A.; Heller, H. Craig; Barnes, Brian M. (February 18, 2011). "Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature". Science. 331 (6019): 906–909. Bibcode:2011Sci...331..906T. doi:10.1126/science.1199435. PMID 21330544. S2CID 20829847.
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Mathews, N. E.; Porter, W. F. (1988). "Black bear predation on white-tailed deer neonates in the central Adirondacks". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 66 (5): 1241–1242. Bibcode:1988CaJZ...66.1241M. doi:10.1139/z88-179.
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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). "Chapter 4: Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". In Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). pp. 120–121. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Retrieved December 5, 2024.

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Schubert, B. W.; Hulbert, R. C. Jr.; MacFadden, B. J.; Searle, M.; Searle, S. (2010). "Giant short-faced bears (Arctodus simus) in Pleistocene Florida USA, a substantial range expansion". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (1): 79–87. Bibcode:2010JPal...84...79S. doi:10.1666/09-113.1. S2CID 131532424.
McLellan, B. N. (June 2011). "Implications of a high-energy and low-protein diet on the body composition, fitness, and competitive abilities of black (Ursus americanus) and grizzly (Ursus arctos) bears". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 89 (6): 546–558. Bibcode:2011CaJZ...89..546M. doi:10.1139/z11-026. Gale A268310385.
Tøien, Øivind; Blake, John; Edgar, Dale M.; Grahn, Dennis A.; Heller, H. Craig; Barnes, Brian M. (February 18, 2011). "Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature". Science. 331 (6019): 906–909. Bibcode:2011Sci...331..906T. doi:10.1126/science.1199435. PMID 21330544. S2CID 20829847.
Mathews, N. E.; Porter, W. F. (1988). "Black bear predation on white-tailed deer neonates in the central Adirondacks". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 66 (5): 1241–1242. Bibcode:1988CaJZ...66.1241M. doi:10.1139/z88-179.

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Krause, J.; Unger, T.; Noçon, A.; Malaspinas, A.; Kolokotronis, S.; Stiller, M.; Soibelzon, L.; Spriggs, H.; Dear, P. H.; Briggs, A. W.; Bray, S. C. E.; O'Brien, S. J.; Rabeder, G.; Matheus, P.; Cooper, A.; Slatkin, M.; Pääbo, S.; Hofreiter, M. (2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (#220): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
Puckett, Emily E.; Etter, P.; Johnson, E.; Eggert, L. (2015). "Phylogeographic Analyses of American Black Bears (Ursus americanus) Suggest Four Glacial Refugia and Complex Patterns of Postglacial Admixture". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 32 (9): 2338–2350. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv114. PMID 25989983. S2CID 25207563.
McCain, Stephanie; Ramsay, Ed; Kirk, Claudia (June 1, 2013). "The effects of hibernation and captivity on glucose metabolism and thyroid hormones in American black bear (Ursus americanus)". Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 44 (2): 324–332. doi:10.1638/2012-0146R1.1. PMID 23805551. S2CID 21582518.
Jansen, Heiko T.; Leise, Tanya; Stenhouse, Gordon; Pigeon, Karine; Kasworm, Wayne; Teisberg, Justin; Radandt, Thomas; Dallmann, Robert; Brown, Steven; Robbins, Charles T. (December 2016). "The bear circadian clock doesn't 'sleep' during winter dormancy". Frontiers in Zoology. 13 (1): 42. doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0173-x. PMC 5026772. PMID 27660641.
Iaizzo, Paul A.; Laske, Timothy G.; Harlow, Henry J.; McCLAY, Carolyn B.; Garshelis, David L. (March 1, 2012). "Wound healing during hibernation by black bears (Ursus americanus) in the wild: elicitation of reduced scar formation". Integrative Zoology. 7 (1): 48–60. doi:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2011.00280.x. PMID 22405448. S2CID 38880222.
Lohuis, T. D.; Harlow, H. J.; Beck, T. D. I.; Iaizzo, P. A. (May 1, 2007). "Hibernating Bears Conserve Muscle Strength and Maintain Fatigue Resistance". Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 80 (3): 257–269. doi:10.1086/513190. hdl:20.500.11919/2961. PMID 17390282. S2CID 8738656. Archived from the original on March 3, 2024. Retrieved June 19, 2023.
McGee-Lawrence, Meghan E.; Wojda, Samantha J.; Barlow, Lindsay N.; Drummer, Thomas D.; Bunnell, Kevin; Auger, Janene; Black, Hal L.; Donahue, Seth W. (July 22, 2009). "Six months of disuse during hibernation does not increase intracortical porosity or decrease cortical bone geometry, strength, or mineralization in black bear (Ursus americanus) femurs". Journal of Biomechanics. 42 (10): 1378–1383. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.11.039. PMC 2707508. PMID 19450804.
Tøien, Øivind; Blake, John; Edgar, Dale M.; Grahn, Dennis A.; Heller, H. Craig; Barnes, Brian M. (February 18, 2011). "Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature". Science. 331 (6019): 906–909. Bibcode:2011Sci...331..906T. doi:10.1126/science.1199435. PMID 21330544. S2CID 20829847.
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