Ammonia (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Ammonia" in English language version.

refsWebsite
Global rank English rank
2nd place
2nd place
18th place
17th place
4th place
4th place
1st place
1st place
5th place
5th place
3rd place
3rd place
32nd place
21st place
11th place
8th place
6th place
6th place
102nd place
76th place
218th place
212th place
1,160th place
737th place
167th place
198th place
621st place
380th place
441st place
311th place
7th place
7th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
9,416th place
8,275th place
5,636th place
3,692nd place
234th place
397th place
1,342nd place
1,819th place
1,031st place
879th place
75th place
83rd place
538th place
863rd place
5,522nd place
4,948th place
924th place
2,352nd place
2,263rd place
1,687th place
2,532nd place
2,451st place
5,608th place
3,261st place
776th place
844th place
54th place
48th place
low place
low place
155th place
138th place
low place
8,722nd place
850th place
625th place
2,036th place
1,254th place
833rd place
567th place
4,298th place
4,354th place
low place
9,688th place
124th place
544th place
34th place
27th place
low place
low place
936th place
713th place
882nd place
600th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
8,410th place
5,003rd place
120th place
125th place
149th place
178th place
low place
low place
2,548th place
1,587th place
low place
7,981st place
low place
low place
9th place
13th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
4,848th place
3,431st place
2,415th place
2,060th place
99th place
77th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
3,009th place
low place
low place
7,039th place
1,248th place
1,104th place
1,775th place
970th place
4,128th place
2,762nd place
4,720th place
2,843rd place
712th place
526th place
4,334th place
4,154th place
7,251st place
3,926th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
1,690th place
998th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
7,750th place
5,342nd place
low place
low place
301st place
478th place
8th place
10th place
222nd place
297th place
719th place
636th place
921st place
644th place
low place
low place
4,798th place
4,535th place
low place
low place

acs.org

pubs.acs.org

airgasspecialtyproducts.com

ammoniatanks.com

archive.org

  • Kopp, Hermann, Geschichte der Chemie [History of Chemistry] (Braunschweig, (Germany): Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, 1845), Part 3, p. 237. [in German]
  • Spiritus salis urinæ (spirit of the salt of urine, i.e., ammonium carbonate) had apparently been produced before Valentinus, although he presented a new, simpler method for preparing it in his book: Valentinus, Basilius, Vier Tractätlein Fr. Basilii Valentini ... [Four essays of Brother Basil Valentine ... ] (Frankfurt am Main, (Germany): Luca Jennis, 1625), "Supplementum oder Zugabe" (Supplement or appendix), pp. 80–81: "Der Weg zum Universal, damit die drei Stein zusammen kommen." (The path to the Universal, so that the three stones come together.). From p. 81: "Der Spiritus salis Urinæ nimbt langes wesen zubereiten / dieser proceß aber ist waß leichter unnd näher auß dem Salz von Armenia, ... Nun nimb sauberen schönen Armenischen Salz armoniac ohn alles sublimiren / thue ihn in ein Kolben / giesse ein Oleum Tartari drauff / daß es wie ein Muß oder Brey werde / vermachs baldt / dafür thu auch ein grosen vorlag / so lege sich als baldt der Spiritus Salis Urinæ im Helm an Crystallisch ... " (Spirit of the salt of urine [i.e., ammonium carbonate] requires a long method [i.e., procedure] to prepare; this [i.e., Valentine's] process [starting] from the salt from Armenia [i.e., ammonium chloride], however, is somewhat easier and shorter ... Now take clean nice Armenian salt, without sublimating all [of it]; put it in a [distillation] flask; pour oil of tartar [i.e., potassium carbonate that has dissolved only in the water that it has absorbed from the air] on it, [so] that it [i.e., the mixture] becomes like a mush or paste; assemble it [i.e., the distilling apparatus (alembic)] quickly; for that [purpose] connect a large receiving flask; then soon spirit of the salt of urine deposits as crystals in the "helmet" [i.e., the outlet for the vapours, which is atop the distillation flask] ...)
    See also: Kopp, Hermann, Geschichte der Chemie [History of Chemistry] (Braunschweig, (Germany): Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, 1845), Part 3, p. 243. [in German]
  • Black, Joseph (1893) [1755]. Experiments upon magnesia alba, quick-lime, and other alcaline substances. Edinburgh: W.F. Clay.
  • Samuel Rideal (1895). Disinfection and Disinfectants: An Introduction to the Study of. London: Charles Griffin and Company. p. 109.
  • Rose, Burton; Helmut Rennke (1994). Renal Pathophysiology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-683-07354-6.
  • Campbell, Neil A.; Jane B. Reece (2002). "44". Biology (6th ed.). San Francisco: Pearson Education, Inc. pp. 937–938. ISBN 978-0-8053-6624-2.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr

argusmedia.com

astrochemistry.net

aviafuture.com

bbc.co.uk

bloomberg.com

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

books.google.com

bris.ac.uk

chm.bris.ac.uk

  • "Ammonia". chm.bris.ac.uk. Retrieved 3 March 2016.

businessweek.com

cardiff.ac.uk

orca.cardiff.ac.uk

cdc.gov

cdc.gov

atsdr.cdc.gov

chalmers.se

publications.lib.chalmers.se

chemguide.co.uk

  • Clark 2013, "The forward reaction (the production of ammonia) is exothermic. According to Le Chatelier's Principle, this will be favoured at a lower temperature. The system will respond by moving the position of equilibrium to counteract this – in other words by producing more heat. To obtain as much ammonia as possible in the equilibrium mixture, as low a temperature as possible is needed". Clark, Jim (April 2013) [2002]. "The Haber Process". Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  • Clark 2013, "Notice that there are 4 molecules on the left-hand side of the equation, but only 2 on the right. According to Le Chatelier's Principle, by increasing the pressure the system will respond by favouring the reaction which produces fewer molecules. That will cause the pressure to fall again. To get as much ammonia as possible in the equilibrium mixture, as high a pressure as possible is needed. 200 atmospheres is a high pressure, but not amazingly high". Clark, Jim (April 2013) [2002]. "The Haber Process". Retrieved 15 December 2018.

chemistryworld.com

consumerreports.org

doi.org

doi.org

dx.doi.org

dot.gov

fmcsa.dot.gov

douglas-self.com

dtic.mil

oai.dtic.mil

ecfr.gov

elucidare.co.uk

energypost.eu

engineeringtoolbox.com

epa.gov

forbes.com

ghostarchive.org

  • "NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY IUPAC Recommendations 2005" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
  • Shrestha, Krishna P.; Seidel, Lars; Zeuch, Thomas; Mauss, Fabian (7 July 2018). "Detailed kinetic mechanism for the oxidation of ammonia including the formation and reduction of nitrogen oxides" (PDF). Energy & Fuels. 32 (10): 10202–10217. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01056. ISSN 0887-0624. S2CID 103854263. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
  • "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020, p. 117 – Nitrogen" (PDF). USGS. 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  • "Reducing Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) Use and Emissions in the Federal Sector through SNAP" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  • Lee, Dongeun; Min, Hyungeun; Park, Hyunho; Song, Han Ho (1 November 2017). "Development of new combustion strategy for internal combustion engine fueled by pure ammonia" (PDF). Seoul National University, Department of Mechanical Engineering. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  • Brohi, Emtiaz Ali (2014). "Ammonia as fuel for internal combustion engines?" (PDF). Chalmers University of Technology. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  • Zacharakis-Jutz, George; Kong, Song-Charng (2013). "Characteristics of an SI Engine Using Direct Ammonia Injection" (PDF). Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  • "OSHA Hazard Communication Standard: Safety Data Sheets" (PDF). OSHA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
  • "Toxic FAQ Sheet for Ammonia" (PDF). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). September 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

gpoaccess.gov

ecfr.gpoaccess.gov

gregvezina.ca

haccpalliance.org

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

  • Herodotus with George Rawlinson, trans., The History of Herodotus (New York, New York: Tandy-Thomas Co., 1909), vol.2, Book 4, § 181, pp. 304–305.
  • Chisholm 1911 cites Pliny Nat. Hist. xxxi. 39. See: Pliny the Elder with John Bostock and H. T. Riley, ed.s, The Natural History (London, England: H. G. Bohn, 1857), vol. 5, Book 31, § 39, p. 502.

iastate.edu

energy.iastate.edu

icfa2021.com

iea.org

ihi.co.jp

illinoisattorneygeneral.gov

inchem.org

iupac.org

  • "NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY IUPAC Recommendations 2005" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

lehigh.edu

digital.lib.lehigh.edu

leidenuniv.nl

openaccess.leidenuniv.nl

medscape.com

emedicine.medscape.com

meti.go.jp

mysoreammonia.com

nasa.gov

nasa.gov

solarsystem.nasa.gov

nature.com

newatlas.com

nh3car.com

nh3fuelassociation.org

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nobelprize.org

ny.gov

health.ny.gov

nytimes.com

offshore-energy.biz

osha.gov

osti.gov

  • Khan, A.S.; Kelley, R.D.; Chapman, K.S.; Fenton, D.L. (1995). Flammability limits of ammonia–air mixtures. U.S.: U.S. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information. OSTI 215703.

ourworldindata.org

ozy.com

pollutionsolutions-online.com

purdue.edu

rechargenews.com

researchgate.net

royalsociety.org

science.org

sciencedirect.com

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

sigmaaldrich.com

space.com

statista.com

thegazette.com

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

u-strasbg.fr

cdsads.u-strasbg.fr

udfa.net

ufl.edu

edis.ifas.ufl.edu

usgs.gov

pubs.usgs.gov

usgs.gov

washingtonpost.com

water-research.net

wateronline.com

web.archive.org

webmineral.com

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

woodweb.com

worldcat.org

youtube.com

zenodo.org